PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
and the
SIXTH
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MAGNETIC
ANISOTROPY AND COERCIVITY IN
RARE EARTH-TRANSITION METAL ALLOYS
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, USA
OCTOBER 1990
Edited by
S. G. Sankar
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY
VOLUME I WORKSHOP
TIB/UB Hannover 89
PREFACE:
TABLE OF CONTENTSVOLUME I WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS
S.G. Sankar
SESSION I. MAGNET PROCESSING I
Page
xvn
Chairmen: J. Prater, U.S. Army Research office.Research Triangle, N.C. and
F. G. Jones, Fred Jones Associates.
Wl.l Current Status of Rapidly Solidified
Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets. (INVITED)J. J. Croat
W1.2 Current Situation in the Developmentof Hot-Rolled R-Fe-B Magnets. (INVITED)T. Shimoda, K. Akioka, O. Kobayashi,T. Yamagami and A. Arai
17
SESSION II. MAGNET PROCESSING II
W1.3 Hydrogen: Its Use in the Processingof NdFeB-type Magnets and in the
Characterization of NdFeB-Type Alloysand Magnets. (INVITED)I. R. Harris and P. J. McGuiness
29
W2 .1 Magnetic Properties and Microstructures
of the Nd-Fe-B Magnet Powders Produced bythe Hydrogen Treatment - (III) . (INVITED)T. Takeshita and R. Nakayama
49
W2.2 Fully-Dense Nd-Fe-B Magnets Prepared from
Hot-Rolled Anisotropic Powders.
T. Mukai, Y. Okazaki, H. Sakamoto,M. Fujikura and T. Inaguma
72
W2.3 Rapid Annealing Effect of Metal Baths
on Nd-Fe-B MagnetsT. s. Chin, S.H. Huang, H. J. Bai and
S. K. Chen
85
I
SESSION III. CORROSION AND STABILITY
Chairmen: A.E. Ray, U. of Dayton and
S. Hirosawa, Sumitomo Special Metals, Japan.
W3.1 An Investigation of the Impact of Surface 93
Preparation Techniques Applied to the
Iron-Neodymium-Boron Alloys with Respectto Accelerated Environmental Test Results.
(INVITED) R. W. Ribitch
W3.2 Corrosion Protection of Fe-Nd-B-Magnets 108
by Coating.W. Bloch, K. Grendel and H. Staubach
W3.3 Ugistab Nd-Fe-Co-V-B Magnets: 123
Magnetic Properties, Corrosion Resistance
and Comparison with NdFeB Magnets.P. Tenaud, F. Vial, A. Barzasi,A. Duchene and M. Sagawa
W3.4 Improving Temperature stability and 136
Corrosion Resistance in Nd-Fe-B-TypeSintered Magnets.S. Hirosawa, S. Mino, H. Tomizawa
and K. Tokuhara
W3.5 Improvement of Corrosion Resistance of 148
Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets by OrganicElectrodeposition of Ni.
H. Momotani, E. Otsuki and T. Otsuka
W3.6 Superficial Enrichment of Neodymium in 159
Nd-Fe-B Sintered MagnetT. Minowa, M. Yoshikawa, M. Shimao and
M. Honshima
II
SESSION IV INSTRUMENTATION AND STANDARDS
(Jointly Sponsored by IEEE
Technical Committee 15)
Chairmen: J. Cook, CSIRO, Australia andR. Grossinger, u. of Vienna, Austria
W4.1 Review of High Magnetic Field 169
Facilities: Opportunities for
Permanent Magnet Research. (INVITED)S. Foner
W4.2 Permanent Magnet Standards from an 173"
Industry Perspective.Mel Bohlmann
W4.3 How Accurate are Magnetic 182
Measurements?
G. R. Hennig
W4.4 Advances in Computer-Automated 189
Hysteresisgraphs for Hard and Soft
Magnetic Materials
Earle S. Seely and Eric Dennison
SESSION V ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES
Chairmen: P. Campbell, Princeton Electro-Technology Inc.
and
D. Lambeth, Carnegie Mellon University.
W5.1 Electromagnetic Motion Devices Using 191
Permanent Magnets With Extremely High
Energy Product. (INVITED)S. Simizu, F. Pourarian and W.E. Wallace
III
W5.2 Future High Energy Magnetic Materials 209for Automotive and Commercial Applications.(INVITED)Daniel Stahura
W5.3 Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of
Permanent Magnet Brushless Drive Systems.(INVITED) Paper not received.D. Howe
W5.4 A New Nd-Fe-B Brushless D.C. Motor for 221a Digital Data Storage Spindle Drive.Peter Campbell
W5.5 Design considerations for Application of 231Permanent Magnets in Aerospace ElectricMotors and Generators.
Jayant G. Vaidya
W5.6 Epoxy Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnetic Rollers: 241Experimental and Theoretical Analysis.J. K. Lee and T. S. Lewis
SESSION VI ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY
Chairman: F. Rothwarf, Center for Innovative
Technology, Virginia.
W6.1 Use of Rare Earth Magnets in Accelerator 256
Technology: Configuration Concepts and
Design Techniques. (INVITED - TUTORIAL)K. Halbach
W6.2 Radiation Damage Mechanisms in NdFeB. 258A. F. Zeller
W6.3 Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Materials for
Particle Accelerator Applications.R. H. Kraus, Jr. (Paper not received)
IV
SESSION VII RAW MATERIALS, RESOURCES
Chairmen: c. Bounds, Rhone-Poulonc,Princeton and
E. Dulis, crucible Materials Research
Center, Pittsburgh
W7.1 Rare Earths: Today and Tomorrow 27 0
In China. (INVITED)Yang Luo
W7.2 The Lanthanide Myths. 286
S. R. Trout
W7.3 Substitution of Nd by Pr in Coreduced 292
NdFeB Alloy Powder.
M. Edeling
SESSION VIII PROCESSING AND MICROSTRUCTURE
WP 1 MQ2 and MQ3 Magnets — Improvements in 2 98
Production Technology and Properties.Yasuaki Kasai, Teruo Watanabe,
Shigeki Shibata, Viswanathan Panchanathan
and John J. Croat.
WP 2 RE-Fe-B Magnets With Improved 313
Temperature Dependence of the Coercive
Field Strength.M. Velicescu
WP 3 The Effect of Oxygen Content on the 3 22
Magnetic Properties and Environmental
Stability of Nd-Fe-B Based Magnets,
c. H. Chen, A. E. Ray and s. Liu
WP 4 Processing and Magnetic Properties of 328
Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnets.E. Otsuki, T. Otsuka and T. Imai
V
WP 5 Oxidation Mechanism of the Hydrogenated 341Nd-Fe-B Powder.
Jun Nakagawa and Osamu Onitsuka
WP 6 The Effect of Nd Amount on the 351Characteristics of Nd-Fe-B Alloys byReduction-Diffusion Process.C. J. Chen, T. Y. Liu, C. H. Lin,Y. C. Hung, S. H. Chen and C. D. Wu
WP 7 A New Method of Producing Radially 359Anisotropic Rare Earth Magnets.C. H. Lin, C. J. Chen, T. Y. Liu,W. c. Chang and CD. Wu
WP 8 The Effect of Laves Phase on the 367Magnetic Properties of Fe-Co-Nd-B Alloy.C. J. Yang, S. D. Choi and W.Y. Lee
WP 9 The Effect of Carbon on the Magnetic 383
Properties of Ternary NdFeB.F. E. Camp and A. S. Kim
WP 10 Prediction of Temperature Coefficients 389of Magnetization in Rare Earth-TransitionMetal Magnet Alloys.S. Liu, A. E. Ray and H. F. Mildrum
WP 11 High Field Magnetic Behavior of 401
Pr15Fe63Co16GaB5 Sintered Magnet.
F. Pourarian, S. Simizu, R.T. Obermyer,S. G. Sankar and W. E. Wallace
WP 12 A Study of Permanent Magnetic MaterialsBased on Nd-Fe-B With High Thermal Stability.Yang Jun, Ma Deqing and Zhou Shouzeng(This paper was withdrawn.)
VI
WP 13 Magnetic Properties of 408
Nd10+XFe73-XCo8B7.5V1.5 •
N. Tang, Y. L. Liu, J. F. Hu, X. Y. Yin,X. R. Xu, H. Zhao, G. L. Yao
WP 14 Magnetic Properties and Mossbauer 418
Study of NdFeB and
R15_xDyxFeCoAlB Magnets.
S. Y. Jiang, J. X. Yan, F. S. Li,D. S. Xue, S. G. Sankar and W. E. Wallace.
WP 15 Properties and Microstructure of 427
ThMn12-Type Sm-Fe-Ti Alloy Powders
and Sintered Magnets.L. Jiang, J. H. Zhu and D. Li
WP 16 Magnetic Properties and Microstructure 432
of Rapidly Quenched MM Based RFeCoZrB
Magnets.T. Yoneyama, H. Nakamura, K. Annan,T. Nishichi and A. Fukuno
SESSION IX RARE EARTH-COBALT MAGNETS
WP 17 Effects of Processing Parameters on the 443
Properties of Bonded Sm-Co "2:17" MagnetsCold Compacted With Lead.
Meng Li, Karl J. Strnat and
Herbert H. Mildrum
WP 18 Al and Ga Substitution in 2:17 Type 457
Magnets With High Fe Content.
M. Q. Huang, Y. Zheng, J. G. Sohn,J.M. Elbicki, W. E. Wallace and
S. G. Sankar
WP 19 Magnetic Properties of Two Step Aged 466
Sm-Co-Fe-Cu-Zr Permanent Magnets.
H. W. Kwon and I. R. Harris
VII
WP 20 The Precipitation at 500-950 C of 474
Sm(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)7<4 Magnets and the
Analysis of Coercivity Mechanism.
Pan Shuming, Liu Jinfang and Ma Ruzhang
WP 21 Magnetic Properties of Sintered 481
(PrLa)co5 -Type Magnets.Y. Xu, Bao-Min Ma, W. E. Wallace
and S. G. Sankar
SESSION X Nd-Fe-B MAGNETS, RESOURCES, MICROSTRUCTURE AND
THERMAL STABILITY
WP 22 Developments of NdFeB Magnets in China. 491
Yang Luo
WP 23 Influence of Dy, Al and Ga Addition for 506
Grain Boundary Phase of Nd-Fe-B
Sintered Magnets.M. Endoh, E. B. Boltich, Y. Nozawa and
M. Tokunaga.
WP 24 Magnetic Properties and Microstructure 519
of Tb-Fe-B Sintered Magnets.M. Endoh, E. B. Boltich, K. Nakamura,M. Tokunaga and G. Kido.
WP 25 Effect of Hydrogen-Treatment on 531
Coercivity in Nd-Fe-Co-B Powders.
Y. Xiao, Z. Chang, W. Pan, X. Yu
and Y. Li
WP 26 Relationship Between Properties and 537
Microstructure in NdFeB Magnets.V.K. Chandhok
VIII
WP 27 The Influence of the Microstructure 549
on the Coercivity of Cast
<Ndl-xRx) 2Fe14c [R=Tb,Dy]
Based Permanent Magnet Materials.
Josef Fidler, Claudia Groiss, J. Eisses
and K. H. J. Buschow.
WP 28 Influence of Dy, Al and si Substitutions 560
on Thermal Stabilities of Sintered
Nd-Fe-Co-B Magnets by Reduction Diffusion
Alloy Powders.
W. Pan, D. Li, S. X. Zhou, R. J. Shuai and
J. P. Zhu
WP 29 Influence of Co and Nb Additions on the 571
Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of
Nd-Fe-Co-B Sintered Magnets.
Pan Shuming, Liu Jinfang, Li Dawei and
Ma Ruzhang
WP 30 In-Situ Observation of Nd-Fe-Co-B 577
Permanent Magnet.Pan Shuming, Liu Jinfang and Xu Yingfang
SESSION XI DESIGN OF MOTORS
WP 31 Application of Melt-Spun Nd-Fe-B Bonded 583
Magnet to the Micromotor.
G. X. Huang, W. M. Gao and S. F. Yu
WP 32 Design and Analysis of Axial-Field 59 6
Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors.
Z. Q. Zhu and D. Howe.
AUTHOR INDEX TO THIS VOLUME 611
(WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS)
AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME II 613
(SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS)
IX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME II SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS
PREFACE: S.G. Sankar XVii
SESSION I MAGNETIC VISCOSITY, ANISOTROPYrCOERCIVITY AND NEW MATERIALS
Chairmen: W. E. Wallace, Carnegie Mellon U.
and
Advanced Materials Corporation,Pittsburgh and
M. Velicescu, Vacuumschmelze,
Hanau, Germany.
Sl.l Angular Dependence of MagneticViscosity Parameters in NdFeB and
PrFeB Magnets. (INVITED)R. Street, L. Folks and S. Hirosawa
SI.2 High-Field Measurements and Crystal- 12
Field Calculations on MagneticProperties of Nd2Fe14B-Type Alloys.(INVITED)Y. Nakagawa, H. Kato, D.W. Lim,G. Kido and M. Yamada
SI.3 A New Family of Rare Earth Iron 36
Nitrides. (INVITED)J. M. D. Coey, H. Sun and Y. Otani
SI.4 Magnetic Properties of the 60
(Co - Fe) Sublattice in the
pseudobinary and the PseudoternaryRare Earth - Transition Metal
Intermetallic Compounds. (INVITED)N. P. Thuy, N.M. Hong, T.D. Hien and
J.J.M. Franse
X
SESSION II MAGNETIC VISCOSITY. ANISOTROPY,
COERCIVITY AND NEW MATERIALS
Chairmen: G. Hadjipanayis, University of Delaware and
D. Laughlin, Carnegie Mellon University.
S2.1 Magnetic Properties of ROo^^M^. 80
(R=rare earth; M=B, Al and Ga) .
(INVITED)H. Ido, K. Konno, S. F. Cheng,
S. G. Sankar and W. E. Wallace
S2.2 The Potential of Sm-Fe-X Alloys for 94
Permanent Magnets.J. Wecker, M. Katter, L. Schultz
and K. Schnitzke
S2.3 Decomposition of the Sm(Fe,Ti)12 101
Compound in Sintered MagnetsDuring Annealing.W. Rodewald and P. Schrey
S2.4 Characterization of Rare Earth 110
Permanent Magnets. (INVITED)A. Hutten and G. Thomas
S2.5 Some Features of Ternary 127
Nd-Fe-50at%B Metastable Phase Diagram.p. P. Pashkov, D. V, Pokrovsky and
G. V. Malakhov
52.6 Magnetic Viscosity and Coercivity 165
Mechanism in Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17Magnets.E. W. Singleton and G. C. Hadj ipanayis
52.7 The Effect of Dopants 176
(Al, Ga, Cu, Mo, V) on Microstructure
and Coercivity of Sintered Nd2Fe14BBased Magnets.Josef Fidler
XI
SESSION III NITRIDES AND CARBIDES
SP 1 Magnetic Properties of R2Fe17Nx 181Compounds.Y. Z. Wang, G. c. Hadjipanayis and
D. J. Sellmyer
SP 2 Spin Reorientation of DyFe10si-Nand DyFen0Si2.Pan Shuming, Liu Jinfang, Li Qingan,Yan Fuming and Zhao Ruwen.
(This paper was withdrawn)
SP 3 Magnetic Properties of Nitrides of 190
the Rare Earth-Iron Intermetallic
Compounds.Ying-chang Yang, Sen-lin Ge,Xiao-dong Zhang, Lin-shu Kong,
Qi Pan, Yong-tian Hou, Shuang Huangand Liu Yang
SP 4 Magnetic Properties and Structure 204
of Nitrogenated R2(Fe,Co)17Intermetallic Compounds.M. Q. Huang, B.M. Ma, W.E. Wallace and
S.G. Sankar
SP 5 Magnetization and PCIs of 219
Nitrogenated R2(CoxFe1_x)17 Systems.L. Y. Zhang, Y. Zheng and W. E. Wallace
SP 6 Magnetic Properties of R2Fe17C.Ying-chang Yang, Lin-shu Kong,Xiao-dong Zhang, Jia-bin Yao,Jiang-chun Han and Jian Lin
(Paper not received)
XII
SESSION IV INTRINSIC PROPERTIES
SP 7 High Field Magnetization Process 230
in the Er2Fe-,7_xMnx Compounds.N. M. Hong, S. P. Thuy and
J. J. M. Franse.
SP 8 Possibility of Using Sm2Co17_xMxAlloys for Recording Media.S. K. Chen, J. G. Duh, H. C. Ku,
Yung-Chen Wang, Kuo-Kwang Wang andChia-Pin Tang(Paper not received)
SP 9 Magnetic Phase Transition in
Pseudoternary Compounds (Yi-xLax) Co4Band (Y1_vLuv)Co4BN. P. Thuy 4nd N. M. Hong(Paper not received)
SP 10 New Generation Permanent Magnets.Y. Bogatin(Paper not received)
SESSION V ANIS0TR0PY. MICROSTRUCTURE AND COERCIVITY
SP 11 Stable and Metastable Ferromagnetic 23 6
Phases in Pr-Fe and Pr-Fe-B.
Augusto C. Neiva, Taeko Yonamine,Fernando J. G. Landgraf and
Frank P. Missell
SP 12 Effect of Carbon, Oxygen and 250
Nitrogen on the Microstructure of
Grain Boundaries in Nd-Fe-B Magnets.Y. J. Zhang, G. C. Hadjipanayis,A. S. Kim and F. E. Camp
SP 13 Anomalous 3d-Anisotropy Behavior 262
in R2Fe13M1B Compounds(R=Y,Gd; M=Fe,Ga,Si,Al) .
X. C. Kou, G. Wiesinger and R. Grossinger
XIII
SP 14 A New Method to Determine the
Onset Temperature of a FOMP
Transition in 3d-4f Compounds.R. Grossinger and X. C. Kou
277
SP 15 Magnetic Hardening in R4Fe77B19 290Ribbons.L. Withanawasam, G. C Hadjipanayis and
K. R. Lawless
SP 16 Magnetization and Anisotropy of 300
J. Q. Xie, C. H. Wu, Y. C. Chuang and
F. M. Yang
SP 17 High Temperature Compressive 308Deformation of Rapidly-QuenchedHot-Pressed Nd-Fe-B Materials.J. Q. Xie and C. D. Graham, Jr.
SP 18 Deformation, Texture Development 322and Domain Observations in Rapidly-Quenched NdFeB Magnets.Lin Li and C. D. Graham, Jr.
SP 19 Transmission Electron Microscopy 331
of Extruded FeNdB Magnets ContainingHfB, Dispersolds.B. G. Demczyk
SP 20 Spin Reorientation and Magneto- 342
optical Kerr Effect in R2Fe14_xMnxB(R=Nd,Er).T. lida, H. Ueki, T. Fukuzawa, T. Saito,K. Shinagawa and T. Tsushima
SP 21 The Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy 351
of R2Fe,4B and RTiFe-^.Sheng-chuan Zhu
XIV
SP 22 On the Relation Between 357Microstructure, Heat Treatment and
Coercivity in Melt-Spun Nd-Fe-B Alloys.M. D. Baro, S. Surinach, J. A. Diego,M. T. Clavaguera-Mora, N. Clavaguera andJ.M. Gonzalez
SP 23 Does a FOMP Exist in Pr2Co14B? 371R. Grossinger and X. C. Kou
SP 24 Intrinsic Magnetic Characteristics 381and Spin Reorientation Behavior of
Rare Earth-Transition Metal Based Alloys.F. Pourarian
SP 25 Phase Analysis and Magnetic 400
Properties of RTiFe11_xCOj,(R=Pr,Nd) (x=0-ll).S. F. Cheng, Y. Xu, S.G. Sankar andW. E. Wallace
SP 26 Spin Reorientation in Rare-Earth- 412Iron-Cobalt Vanadates With
ThMn12 Structure.
M. Jurczyk, G.K. Nicolaides and K. V. Rao
SP 27 Magnetic Behavior of Heavy Rare 425Earth RFe10Cr2 Alloys.Yang Fuming, Li Qingan, Zhao Ruwen,Kuang Jianping, F. R. de Boer and J.P. Liu.
SP 28 Investigation of RTiFeT^.jjCOjj 436
Alloys (R - Tb, Dy, Ho).S. F. Cheng, B. M. Ma, Y. Zheng,V. K. Sinha, S.G. Sankar and W. E. Wallace
SP 29 Microstructure and Magnetic 448
Properties of Nd-B Modified
ThMn12 Type Nd(Fe,M)12 (M=Ti/Cr)Magnet Alloys.T. S. Chin, S. H. Huang, Y. S. Chen,C.H. Lin and S. K. Chen
XV
SP 30 High Coercivity Sm-Fe-Ti-V and 453Sm-Fe-Zr Crystalline Phases.F. J. Cadieu, H. Hegde, N. Kamprath,A. Navarathna and R. Rani
SP 31 Investigation of Zr-Co and 477Hf-Co systems.S. F. Cheng, W. E. Wallace and
B. G. Demczyk
SP 3 2 Spin Reorientation Study in 488
Dy(Fe,Ti)i2 by Neutron Diffraction.
Yang Ji-Lian, Pan Shu-ming,Zhang Bai-Sheng, Jin Lan, Ding Yong-fan andYe Chun-tang
SP 33 Structural and Magnetic Properties 493of RTiFe-,, and Their Hydrides(R = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er).L. Y. Zhang, S.G. Sankar,W. E. Wallace and S. K. Malik
SP 34 Microstructure and Magnetic 505
Properties of NdFeB- TypeSintered Magnets.Liu Jinfang, Pan Shuming and Luo Helie
SP 35 Observation of The Grain Boundary 514Phase in NdFeB- type Sintered Magnets.Pan Shuming, Liu Jinfang and Luo Helie
SP 36 Magnetic Domains in sintered 520
Nd-Fe-B Magnets Made by Hydrogen-Decrepitation and Conventional Routes.
I. S. Moosa and G. W. Johnson
SP 37 High Coercivity in Melt-Spun 530
R-Fe-B Magnets With Impurity AdditionsG.C. Hadjipanayis and L. Wlthanawasam.
AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME II 541(SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS)
AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME I 543
(WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS)
XVI