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Introduction
Kinematics is the research regarding the types of movement of an obj ect without referring to the
forces that cause the movement of the object.
Movement along a straight line i s called linear movement.
Distance and Displacement
Distance Displacement
DefinitionThe distance traveled by an object isthe total length that is traveled by thatobject.
Displacement of an object from a point of reference, O isthe shortest distance of the object from point O in aspecific direction.
SI unit meter (m) meter (m)
Quantity Scalar Vector
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Ex ample 1
Distance
In the diagram above, the distance of point B from the origin O is 100m. The distance of
point A from the origin O is also 100m. Distance is a scalar quantity. Therefore we don't need
to tell the direction of point A and B from the reference point, O.
Displacement
In the diagram above, the displacement of point B from the origin O is +100m, whereas the
displacement of point A from the origin O is -100m. The + and ± sign show the direction of the
displacement. Displacement is a vector quantity. Therefore we need to tell the direction of point A and
B from O.
Ex ample 2
Adli go to work by motorcycle everyday as shown in the diagram above. The distance
traveled by an object is the total length that is traveled by that object. The distance that Adli
travels from his house to the factory is 200m.
Displacement of an object from a point of reference, O is the shortest distance of the object
from point O in a specific direction. The displacement of Adli from his house after arriving at
the factory is 120m.
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S peed and Velocity
S peed
S peed is the rate of change in distance. In other words, it is how fast the distance change in 1 unit
of time.In mathematics, displacement can be calculated from the following formula:
Unit: ms -1
Type of quantity: S calar quantity
V elocity
Velocity is the rate of change in displacement. It is how fast the displacement change in 1 unit of
time.
Formula:
Unit: ms -1
Type of quantity: Vector quantity
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Equ aitons for Uniform Acceleration
The above equation is for solving numerical problems involving uniform acceleration.
S u mmary of the Equ ation
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Nega ti $ e acce lerati % & not necessary mean dece lera tion!Some time, it mean t ' e ob ject mov ing in t ' e oppos itedirec tion.
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velocity.
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Dece leration is the ra te of decrease of ve locity or
how fas t a ve locity of a mov ing ob ject decreases.
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