Biology 2006-2007
Photosynthesis:
Life from Light and Air
Biology
Energy needs of life
All life needs a constant input of energy
__________________________
get their energy from “eating others”
eat food = other organisms = _________________
make energy through __________________
__________________________
get their energy from “self”
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
make energy through ___________________
Biology
Photosynthesis
This is the equation you are used to
seeing, but this is not the whole story…
+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbon
dioxide
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
Biology
Chemical Energy and ATP
Energy can be found in many forms
__________________________________
The chemical fuel used by cells to store
and release energy is _______________
ATP is made of adenine, ribose
(carbohydrate) and three phosphate
groups
Biology
Storing Energy
_______is a compound like ATP with
one less _________________________
When a cell has energy available, it can
store small amounts of energy by
adding a phosphate group to ADP to
make ATP
Biology
Releasing Energy
Energy stored in ATP is released by
breaking the bonds between the
__________________________________
Cells use ATP to power activities like
__________________________________
__________________________________
ADP is like a ______________________
battery, while ATP is like a fully
charged battery ready to do work.
Biology
ATP
ATP is not good for storing large
amounts of energy long-term.
Cells only have a small amount of ATP
(enough to last for a few seconds)
Cells generate ATP from ____________
like _____________________________
Biology
Check Point
What is the difference between ATP and
ADP?
Biology
Photosynthesis using pictures
Biology
How do plants live?
______________________ ____________________________
collect sun energy
make ATP
____________________________
use ATP for energy
use CO2 as carbon for new sugars
build sugars
glucose, cellulose, starch
build all other organic molecules
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA
store energy for future use
starch in seeds & roots
Biology
Photosynthesis
Actually 2 separate reactions
______________________
use sunlight
make energy (ATP)
______________________
use ATP
use CO2
make sugars (C6H12O6)
sun
ATPADP
CO2
sugar
Energy
building
reactions
Sugar
building
reactions
Biology
Light and Pigments
Plants absorb the sun’s energy with
light absorbing molecules called
__________________________________
The plant’s main pigment is called
__________________________________
Chlorophyll absorbs blue, violet, and
red light and reflects green light
Chlorophyll is found in the
_________________________________
of plant cells
Biology
CO2
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
LeafLeaf
Chloroplast
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Chlorophyll
Biology
Reactions of Photosynthesis
Biology
Reactions of photosynthesis
Take place in the chloroplast
Photosynthetic membranes called
__________________contain clusters of
chlorophyll and other pigments called
__________________________________
Space outside the
thylakoid
membranes
Granum is a stack of
thylakoids
Biology
Energy Building __________Reactions
O2
H2O
Energy Building
Reactions
sunlight
ATP
H2O ATP O2light
energy ++
_________________
_________________
_________________
Biology
Light Reactions
Require _______________________
Produce ____________ and __________
1.Light strikes chlorophyll
2._____________________ in chlorophyll
absorb the energy from the light
3.Excited electrons are passed to NADP+
4.Electrons are passed to the
_________________________________
which is a series of molecules in the
thylakoid membrane
Biology
Light reactions
5. As electrons are passed from one
molecule in the ETC to the next they
give off energy, which is used to make
ATP
6. Electrons lost by __________________
are replaced by splitting water, a
process called
___________________________
Biology
Sugar Building Reactions
sugars
C6H12O6
CO2
Sugar
Building
Reactions
ATP
CO2 C6H12O6 ADPATP ++
ADP
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
Biology
Sugar Building Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Don’t require _______________
Uses ___________ from the light
reactions to make __________________
The Calvin cycle uses _______________
molecules of ______________________
to produce a single 6-carbon sugar
molecule
Biology
Factor Affecting Photosynthesis
1. A shortage of _____________________
can slow or stop photosynthesis
2. ___________________: photosynthesis
depends on enzymes that work best
between O◦ C and 35◦ C. Temperatures
out of this range may damage the
enzymes and slow photosynthesis.
3. Intensity of ______________________:
increasing light intensity increases the
rate of photosynthesis
Biology
Putting it all together
sugars
C6H12O6
CO2
ATP
ADP
H2O
O2
sunlight
CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2light
energy+ ++
Sugar
Building
Reactions
Energy
Building
Reactions
_______________
____________
____________
Biology
Bring In
___________
___________
___________
Let Out
___________
Move Around
___________
So what does a plant need?
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy+ ++
roots
shoot
leaves
Biology
Leaf Structure
photosynthesis
_____________
_____________
______
______O2 H2O CO2
CO2
O2
__________
H2O
____________________________
Biology
Stomates
______________________
_______________
_______________
_______________
guard cell
stomate
Biology
Biology
Xylem
______________________
Biology
Phloem: food-conducting cells
____________________
____________________
____________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
Biology
Putting it all together
Making a living…
_____________________ leaves = solar collectors
photosynthesis
_____________________ stomates = gases in & out
_____________________ roots take in water from soil
pulled up by leaf evaporation
_____________________ roots take in from soil
Biology
How are they connected?
glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energydioxide
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP+ + +
Respiration
+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy+ ++
Photosynthesis
Biology
H2O
Energy cycle
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
sun
The Great Circleof Life!
Where’s Mufasa?
O2CO2
____________________
____________________
ATP
Biology
The poetic perspective
All of the solid material of every plant
was built out of thin air
All of the solid material of every animal
was built from plant material
Then all the cats, dogs,
mice, people & elephants…
are really strands of air woven
together by sunlight!
sunair
Biology 2006-2007
Any Questions??