Transcript
Page 1: Photographing Your Sewing Project Your... · your camera? Higher ISO creates more noise in your photo Aperture or f/stop - How wide is the lens opening in your camera? Higher f/stops

Photographing Your Sewing Project

Kent Messamore

47 St. Andrews Drive

Bedford, NH 03110

[email protected]

KMessamore.com Enhanced-Images.biz KR-Training.biz

2/16/2013

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What we will cover today

Exposure ISO

Aperture

Shutter Speed

Flash

Examples Background

Reflective Subjects

Camera Operation Auto

Program

Scene Modes

Aperture Priority

Shutter Priority

Manual

Exposure Compensation

Metadata

Depth of Field

Camera Shake & Tripods

Examples

Tripod Auto Flash vs Manual

Don’t Forget Detail

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Types of Cameras

Cell Phone

Compact (Point & Shoot)

Midrange

(Bridge)

Single Lens Reflex (SLR)

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Exposure

The amount of light that hits the sensor (Exposure) is controlled by:

- Size of the Aperture

- How long shutter is open (shutter speed)

- Sensitivity of Sensor (ISO)

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Quantity of Light

Quantity of light is an absolute. It can be measured by your camera very accurately

Quantity of light is called Exposure

Exposure can be controlled either Automatically in your camera or Manually.

Accurate Exposure makes the difference between a good photograph and a bad photograph

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Exposure

Quantity of Light or Exposure is controlled by three factors:

How wide is the lens

opening in your camera?

How sensitive to light is the

sensor in your camera?

How fast does the shutter

in your camera open and

close Shutter Speed

Aperture or f/stop

ISO

Quantity

of Light

Accurate Exposure can be achieved by

more than one selection of these three controls

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Aperture Value

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These are standard f/stop numbers – 1.4, 2, 2.8, etc.

Some cameras allow for half stops; some allow for

third stops. You probably don’t need to know these.

Why should you care?

Aperture is a major control of Depth of Field

Aperture allows for blurring background

1/3 1/2

Stop Stop

f/14 f/13

f/13

f/10 f/9.5

f/9.0

f/7.1 f/6.7

f/6.3

f/5.0 f/4.5

f/4.5

f/3.5 f/3.5

f/3.2

f/2.6 f/2.5

f/2.2

f/1.8 f/1.7

f/1.6

One

Stop

f/5.6

300mm

1/2000

ISO400

f/3.5

100mm

1/2000

ISO640

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Shutter Speed

Measured in Seconds or fractions of

seconds – 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500

1/125 is half the light of 1/60; 1/250 is

half the light of 1/125, etc.

Why should you care?

Slow shutter speeds cause blur in

your photos, e.g. blurring a

waterfall so that water appears to be

flowing rather than still

Fast shutter speeds can stop action,

i.e., hummingbird in flight

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1/8000 sec

f/3.2

ISO 1000

1/5 sec

f/22

ISO 400

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ISO – Sensor Sensitivity

ISO is the sensitivity of your camera

sensor to light

Higher Values are more sensitive,

i.e. 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600

Why should you care?

High ISO lets you take photos in

low light situations

Because of interaction between

sensor pixels, more sensitivity

generates noise

Noise shows up at high magnifications

typically in the shadow areas of your

image

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f/2.8

57 mm

1/125

ISO1600

f/5.6

400 mm

1/250

ISO1600

f/2.8

24 mm

1/100

ISO1600

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Exposure Quantity of Light or

Exposure is controlled by three factors:

ISO - How sensitive to light is the sensor in your camera? Higher ISO creates more noise in your photo

Aperture or f/stop - How wide is the lens opening in your camera? Higher f/stops yield increased Depth of Field

Shutter Speed - How fast does the shutter in your camera open and close. Slow Shutter Speeds cause movement blur in your photos. Fast shutter speed stops action.

Each Step in this diagram represents “One Stop”.

Most cameras allow for ½ or 1/3 stop increments

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Pop Up Flash

Terrible Light

Flash is a tiny light source.

Smaller light sources produce

harsh light

Slightly above camera lens

sends light into subjects eye to

be reflected back into the

camera producing “Red Eye.”

Light hits directly on face

creating “flat” look – no

texture, shadows, or contrast

Worst kind of added light you

could have

If at all possible, don’t use it

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Camera

Eye

Red Eye

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Pop Up Flash If you must use it:

Use a slow shutter speed to

capture as much ambient

light as possible

Move away from your

subject to reduce the quantity

of light from the flash falling

on the subject.

Zoom in to get closer

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Ambient Light

Flash Light

Camera Meter

Light falls off with distance sq

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What Pop Up Flash is good for

Fill flash

In outdoor shots with light from behind subject, shadow

falls on subject’s face

Pop Up flash can provide fill light to reduce shadows

Use Flash Exposure Compensation to prevent flash from

washing out subject. Achieve balance between natural light

and un-natural light from flash.

Stopping motion

Use when some ambient light but subject is in motion.

Set camera to capture ambient light with slow shutter speed

Instantaneous burst of light from Flash will freeze motion

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Flash Indoors

Fill Flash

Fill Flash

Results

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Examples - Environment

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Examples - Background

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Examples - Background

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Auto f/2.8 1/60 Sec ISO200 Flash: on 36 mm

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Examples - Background

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Auto f/2.8 1/60 Sec ISO200 Flash: on 36 mm

Auto f/2.8 1/15 Sec ISO200 Flash: off 36 mm

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Examples – Fill the Frame; Create Your own Background

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Auto f/4.0 1/60 Sec ISO250 Flash: on 36 mm

Auto f/4.0 1/60 Sec ISO100 Flash: on 36 mm

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Tripod Auto Flash vs Manual

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Auto f/4.0 1/60 Sec ISO100 Flash: on 36 mm

Manual on a Tripod f/8.0 4.0 Sec ISO100

Flash: off 36 mm

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Examples - Reflections

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Auto f/3.5

1/60 Sec ISO250 Flash on

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Manual f/2.8

1.6 Sec ISO200 Flash off Tripod

Auto f/3.5

1/60 Sec ISO250 Flash on

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Camera Operation

Read your manual

Batteries – Make sure it’s charged.

Memory card – Make sure you have room.

Don’t open battery compartment or memory compartment when on.

Date & Time.

Tripod socket.

Shutter button – two stages.

Take a lot of shots of a scene changing positions, distances, angles, settings.

When through shooting turn camera off.

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Dial Settings – Shooting Modes

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Dial Settings – Shooting Modes

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Olympus

Sony

Canon 980

Kodak

Nikon 4300

Sony Cybershot Nikon d5000

Nikon d600

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Set your camera

Auto Exposure Mode

Largest JPEG Image Format

Image Stabilization

Auto ISO

sRGB Color Space

Auto White Balance

Flash on

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Shooting - Auto Mode - All P&S Cameras have

Auto Mode that sets focus & Exposure Automatically. User has no control

Hold Camera as if you were a tripod – minimize camera shake

Frame the Image – Compose in view finder

Zoom the Lens – Zoom in and out to bring subject closer or further away

Auto-focus – press shutter button halfway down

Are you too close?

Is it too dark to focus

Auto-exposure – Camera adjusts aperture & shutter for correct amount of light onto the sensor

Auto-flash – Flash will automatically fire in low light situations. What is the indication that Flash will fire?

Auto-White balance – adjusts for color of light, e.g. sunny day, cloudy day, florescent lamp, tungsten lamp

Press shutter button fully down to take photo Take some Photos

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Shooting - Program Mode

For Point & Shoot Cameras, this is the most common setting.

Most P&S Cameras have a Program Mode that allows user some ability

to control image.

Camera still makes most of the decisions but usually allows:

Setting ISO, i.e. the Sensitivity of the sensor to light, allowing

shooting in low light situations

White Balance - adjusts for color of light, e.g. sunny day, cloudy

day, florescent lamp, tungsten lamp

Control of Flash: On or Off

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Scene Modes – Most P&S Cameras have Scene

Modes that allows user some ability to control image. What Scene modes

do you have?

Portrait – Blurs background to bring out

subject.

Infinity or Landscape – Shows detail in

foreground & background

Night – Take pictures in low light

Sports or “Kids & Pets” – increased shutter

speed to freeze action

Macro – for close ups

Portrait - Blur

background

Night shots - Open

Aperture Slow

Shutter Speed

Sports, kids

moving around -

Fast Shutter Speed

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Aperture Priority

Aperture-priority auto exposure:

You specify aperture, or f-stop; camera selects the shutter speed needed to produce a good exposure.

Control over aperture is important as setting affects depth of field, or distance over which objects in scene appear in sharp focus.

If you’re shooting portrait, for example, you can select an aperture that keeps the subject sharp while blurring the background.

This mode typically is Av or A on Mode Dial

Does your Camera have Aperture Priority?

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Shutter Priority

Shutter-priority auto exposure:

you select shutter speed; camera selects aperture needed to expose the picture properly.

Since shutter speed determines whether moving objects appear blurry or “frozen” in place, gaining control over this exposure setting is especially important if you shoot action pictures.

Shutter-priority mode is usually labeled S or Tv (time value) on the camera’s exposure dial.

Does your Camera have Shutter Priority?

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Manual shooting – With point & shoot cameras,

Manual shooting is cumbersome at best.

You specify both aperture and shutter speed to precisely control exposure.

Most cameras display an exposure meter that lets you know whether your picture will be properly exposed

Meter

Does your Camera have Manual Exposure? What is the Aperture or f/stop range? What is the Shutter Speed range?

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Exposure Compensation

Photos taken in Automatic Modes have exposure calculated by the camera

Camera doesn’t always get it right

Cameras have “Exposure Compensation” that allows manual over-ride of the camera exposure value by a + or - factor

Exposure Compensation

Icon

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Metadata

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Whenever you take a photo with your camera,

the camera records a great deal of information

about the photo.

Access this data by opening the photo in

Microsoft Photo Viewer and going to

File -> Properties

Image Size

Image f/stop,

Shutter Speed,

& ISO

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Camera Shake

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Shutter speed greater than 1/60 second to

eliminate Camera shake. Image

stabilization may improve that by a stop.

Hold your Camera as if you were a tripod

Use both hands to hold the camera

Stand as steadily & stable as possible on both legs or lean on a tree or

building.

Cameras set focus when you press the shutter button half way down. Learn

to take your time and press half way down and give the camera time to focus

properly before you press the shutter button all the way down.

Learn to press the shutter smoothly

Breath, exhale, & shoot

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Elimination of Motion Blur

Use a Tripod or something to rest

your camera on: a fence, a car

window, bean bag.

Good accessory for Point & Shoot

Cameras, is a Gorilla tripod. Acts as a

tripod, but legs can also be bent

around a tree branch.

If using a tripod, use a shutter release

or the self timer

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Monopod

Beanbag

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Approximately 1/3 of the DOF is in front of the focus point; 2/3 in back

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Depth of Field What is sharp in your Photograph

Focus Point

Focus Point

Shallow DOF

Large DOF

1/3 2/3 Distance: The greater the distance from the subject,

the greater the DOF. If you want more DOF, Step

back. If you want less DOF move close up

Lens Focal Length:

Increasing focal

length reduces

DOF. Decreasing

focal Length

increases DOF.

Telephotos

typically have

small DOFs; Wide

Angle lenses have

large DOF.

Watch out for

Zoom Lenses as the

DOF changes as

you Zoom in and

out.

f/stop: Decreasing aperture

(increasing f/stop) gives you greater

DOF; Increasing aperture reduces

DOF. Less DOF – Open your lens;

More DOF – Stop it down.

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Depth of Field

As the Aperture goes from f/11 to f/2.8, the background is clearly Blurred.

This is the impact of Depth of Field

If telephoto Lens was used we could completely blur out the background

ISO = 200 Lens = 58 mm Aperture = f/11 Shutter Speed = 1/25 Sec.

Enhanced Images

ISO = 200 Lens = 58 mm Aperture = f/2.8 Shutter Speed = 1/400 Sec.

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Enhanced Images

Depth of Field

ISO = 200 Lens = 58 mm Aperture = f/5.6 Shutter Speed = 1/100 Sec.

ISO = 200 Lens = 300 mm Aperture = f/5.6 Shutter Speed = 1/80 Sec.

As the Lens focal length goes

from 58 mm to 300 mm, the

background is clearly Blurred.

This is the impact of Lens Focal

Length on Depth of Field.

Great for Headshot Portraits as

the distracting elements in the

background are removed.

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JKM 2/16/2013

Impact of

Aperture on

Depth of

Field

Same photo

with focus on

a single

flower. Only

change is

Aperture

f32 - Sharp

front to back

f2.8 –

Blurred in

foreground

&

background

40 Enhanced Images

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Tripod Auto Flash vs Manual

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Manual f/9.0 3.2 Sec ISO80 Flash off

Auto f/3.2 1/60 Sec ISO80 Flash on

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Tripod Auto Flash vs Manual

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Manual f/16 2.5 Sec ISO80 Flash: off

Lens: 36 mm

Auto f/2.8 1/60 Sec ISO80 Flash: on 36 mm

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Don’t forget Detail

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Manual f/16 2.5 Sec ISO80 Flash: off

Lens: 133 mm Optical

Auto f/2.8 1/60 Sec ISO80 Flash on

Lens: 532 mm Digital


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