PHILADELPHIA BUILDING BENCHMARKING 2012 REPORTING YEAR INITIAL RESULTS
COMPLIANCE SUMMARY
Philadelphians waste millions of dollars each year heaCng, cooling, and lighCng inefficient buildings. The building sector accounts for over 60% of citywide carbonemissions, among the highest percentage rate in the country. But how can you idenCfy an inefficient building?
Year 1 Citywide Benchmarking Compliance (as of April 3, 2014)
ABOUT THIS REPORT
The Mayor’s Office of Sustainability (MOS) has launched the citywide benchmarking program to help rate performance across the city’s building stock, beginning with large non-‐residenCal faciliCes 50,000 square feet or greater. This report analyzes the first year of reporCng (completed in 2013), which covers energy and water usage for the 2012 calendar year.
KEY FINDINGS • Ratable buildings in Philadelphia have an average ENERGY STAR score of 64, well above the naConwide average of 50. • Hundreds of buildings fall below this naConwide average, demonstraCng the opportunity represented by energy efficiency retrofits. • Compliance rates were similar to benchmarking programs in other ciCes, but improved outreach and guidance will be necessary for Year 2.
WHY BENCHMARKING?
In 2012, City Council passed legislaCon mandaCng energy and water use reporCng for non-‐residenCal buildings 50,000 square feet or larger. The first reporCng deadline was set for Fall 2013.
The City of Philadelphia is already benchmarking its municipally owned faciliCes, including office buildings, fire staCons, libraries and prisons. See the first report on municipal benchmarking here!
Sector Energy Usage Summary
The City’s first Municipal Benchmarking Report analyzed energy usage by sector for public buildings across Philadelphia
0
50
100
150
200
250
PrisonsMuseumsMaintenanceFacili!es
andWarehouses
OtherFacili!es
LibrariesFireSta!ons
Recrea!onFacili!es
Police Ener
gy U
sage
Inte
nsity
(kBT
Us/s
f)
Building Sector
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MedicalO"ces
O"ces andCourts
ENER
GY ST
AR Sc
ores
WHY BENCHMARKING?
Improving the efficiency of our commercial building stock is one of the most powerful tools we have to reduce the City’s carbon footprint. Benchmarking gives building owners, managers and tenants the right informaCon to make decisions and take acCon to reduce their energy and water costs.
Buildings account for almost 62% of all greenhouse gas emissions in Philadelphia
GHG Emissions by Sector (Citywide)
Q Buildings Q dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ Q Street Lights Q�&ƵŐŝƟǀĞ
Q Industrial Q Waste Q Wastewater Treatment
61.9%17.7%
5.2%
6.8%
7.8%
.4%
.2%
NATIONWIDE CONTEXT
Philadelphia is not alone in mandaCng energy and water benchmarking. Many of America’s largest ciCes have passed similar laws, with many more jurisdicCons considering acCon.
U.S. Benchmarking Policy Landscape*
*Source: Ins-tute for Market Transforma-on
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NATIONWIDE CONTEXT
In addiCon to mandaCng benchmarking, Philadelphia joins several ciCes naConwide that require public disclosure of a limited subset of benchmarking metrics. Similar to raCng the energy efficiency of home appliances, the goal of making this informaCon public is to help both building owners and tenants make more informed decisions. Public disclosure in Philadelphia will begin with 2013 data in late summer, 2014.
Philadelphia is one of a number of ciXes that are already implemenXng benchmarking and disclosure laws
Q New York City Q ^ĞĂƩůĞ Q �ƵƐƟŶQ�^ĂŶ�&ƌĂŶĐŝƐĐŽ
Q�tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶ��� Q�WŚŝůĂĚĞůƉŚŝĂ
2,500
281
205113
420
305Millions of square feet benchmarked
BENCHMARKING 101
To benchmark, building managers enter building characterisCcs and energy and water usage informaCon into ENERGY STAR Por`olio Manager, a free, web-‐based tool provided by the EPA. Por`olio Manager is the industry standard for benchmarking and disclosure programs.
Users who successfully benchmark their building(s) receive scores reflecCng both their energy efficiency (see sidebar) and their annualized water consumpCon. These scores are normalized for the size of the building, with ENERGY STAR scores further adjusted for weather and building usage.
Any building can be entered into Por`olio Manager. Interested in benchmarking your property? Get started, and visit www.phila.gov/benchmarking for details on publishing your score.
EUI
A measure of a site’s energy use by building square footage. Lower numbers indicate be:er energy efficiency.
EUI or ENERGY STAR?
ENERGY STAR
A scale of 1-‐100 reflecCng a building’s overall energy usage compared to peer buildings naConwide. An ES score of 50 is average, with higher scores reflecCng be:er-‐performing buildings.
CITYWIDE BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
Buildings of all shapes and sizes have submiced benchmarking reports, but offices, schools (K-‐12 and higher educaCon), and warehouses have reported the most faciliCes thus far.
The most energy-‐intensive sectors were food sales (which includes grocery stores), laboratories, and health care faciliCes (including hospitals).
Sectors in the top-‐lee quadrant of this graphic reported the highest energy intensity, while those in the bocom-‐right had lower energy intensity with a
greater number of total submissions
Number of Buildings by Sector
Total EnergyUsage (kBtu)
0En
ergy
Inte
nsity
(Sou
rce
EUI)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
50
Warehouse
�ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
KĸĐĞOther
FoodSale
Laboratory
Health Care
Public Assembly
>ŽĚŐŝŶŐ
100 150 200
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5�ŝůůŝŽŶ
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Though hospitals and other health care faciliCes represent only a small number of reported buildings, the energy-‐
intensive nature of these faciliCes makes this sector one of Philadelphia's best opportuniCes for savings through
improved building performance.
CITYWIDE BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
The majority of reported buildings were constructed aeer 1950, reflecCng both the post-‐war building boom and the more recent growth in commercial construcCon.
Among those buildings eligible for an ENERGY STAR raCng, buildings constructed in the late 19th century or mid-‐20th century performed best, but generally there appears to be licle correlaCon between building age and score. This matches similar findings from benchmarking reports in New York and Washington, D.C.
0
20
40
60
80
100
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Aver
age
ENER
GY S
TAR
Scor
e
18801890
19001910
19201930
19401950
19601970
19801990
20002010
CITYWIDE ENERGY USAGE
The 1,773 buildings in this por`olio reported using over 23 billion kBtus of energy in 2012. This represents around 17% of citywide building energy use.
Improved energy performance results in cost savings as well. Bringing low-‐performing faciliCes up to median levels of efficiency could save building owners over $100 million in annual energy costs, money that can be re-‐invested in businesses, employees, and communiCes.
Total Energy ReducXon of 23% Across 1600+ Buildings and 3.5% Citywide
CITYWIDE ENERGY USAGE
ENERGY STAR RaXngs of Eligible Buildings
Num
ber o
f Bui
ldin
gs R
epor
ted
0
6
2
8
10
12
4
ENERGY STAR Score
Philadelphia Citywide Average,ENERGY STAR Score
0 20 40 60 80 100
For those buildings eligible for an ENERGY STAR score, the average raCng was 64 – more than 14 points higher than the naConwide average.
SECTOR SUMMARY Offices: Office buildings performed well above the naConwide average of 50, and nearly half would be eligible for ENERGY STAR cerCficaCon, an addiConal level of recogniCon offered to those buildings that score at least a 75 on the 1-‐100 scale. Schools: K-‐12 faciliCes (including School District of Philadelphia, charters, and private schools) also outperformed naConal averages. Supermarkets: Despite the high Source EUI, the above-‐average ENERGY STAR raCng for this sector indicates Philadelphia’s supermarkets outperform similar buildings naConwide. Hotels: The lowest-‐performing sector by ES score, hotels provide the greatest sector-‐wide opportunity for improvement among reported buildings. Warehouses: Dozens of warehouses reported energy usage in the City of Philadelphia, with the vast majority using less than 100 kBtus of energy per square foot of space. As a result of this low energy usage, the Philadelphia warehouse sector reported an average ENERGY STAR score of between 67 (for refrigerated faciliCes) and 75 (non-‐refrigerated), by far the best performance of any sector in this report.
Sector Summary by Source EUI (kBtu/per square foot)
Sector Summary by ENERGY STAR Score (1-‐100)
NEXT STEPS: 2013 REPORTING
The deadline for reporCng 2013 energy and water usage is June 30, 2014. Following this deadline, a limited subset of data will be publicly disclosed, providing potenCal buyers and tenants with informaCon on uClity usage of the largest non-‐residenCal buildings in Philadelphia.
2012 data will serve as a baseline for future reporCng. Beginning in 2013, building owners will be able to track their facility’s performance in Por`olio Manager, comparing yearly performance to becer understand the impact of capital and operaConal changes in their buildings.
Buildings from throughout Philadelphia’s neighborhoods reported as part of the first
year of benchmarking
NEXT STEPS: INVESTMENT
Of those buildings eligible for an ENERGY STAR score, over 200 faciliCes (40 million square feet of floor space) performed at or below the citywide average.
Buildings that score at or above the citywide average (and those that aren’t ratable under the ENERGY STAR system) can be candidates for low-‐cost audit and retro-‐commissioning programs, too.
Benchmarking Scores by Building Size
High
Performing
112
116
43
35
26
5
76
59
12
Below
Average
Low
Performing
To
ta
l B
uil
din
gs
Q Small (<100k) Q Medium (100-500k) Q Large (>500k)
NEXT STEPS: INVESTMENT
Matching these buildings with uClity incenCve opportuniCes and/or low-‐cost loan programs will help building owners save money and the City meet its long-‐term carbon reducCon goals:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report was produced by Alex Dews and Rich Freeh at the Mayor’s Office of Sustainability, with graphic and web design support from LevLane.
Data analysis was performed by MOS in conjuncCon with Professor David Hsu, Albert Han, and Daniel Suh at the University of Pennsylvania, supported by the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub.
Benchmarking support provided by the EPA Region 3 Office, the Delaware Valley Green Building Council, and the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub.
MOS would also like to acknowledge our uClity partners at PECO, Veolia, Philadelphia Gas Works, and the Philadelphia Water Department for their work to get data to building owners and operators.
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