BADAN TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL / National Nuclear Energy Agency JL. KUNINGAN BARAT, MAMPANG PRAPATAN, JAKARTA 12710, TELPON: 5255213
Adiwardojo
The role of nuclear energy in the optimum energy mix of Indonesia Presented at the Consultancy Meeting on Survey of Existing National-
Long-Range Nuclear Energy Strategies, 22 to 23 March, 2012 at the IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Austria
1. Introduction of Nuclear Power
• Indonesia has for a long period planned for the introduction of nuclear power.
• Act No 10 of 1997 on Nuclear Energy. This is the primary legislation in Indonesia
• Act No. 17 of 2007 on Long-Term National Development Plan of Indonesia for 2005 to 2025. This is the basis act of establishing long term commitment for the use of nuclear energy to meet national energy demand.
• Indonesia performed self-assessment on National Nuclear Infrastructure prior to Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review and IAEA-INIR mission was held in November 2009
• Action Plan Phase 2 status IFR have been prepared
FOUNDATION PHYLOSOPHY
• APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IS FOR PEACEFUL USES ONLY
• SAFETY & SECURITY IS THE PRIME CONSIDERATION
• DEMAND DRIVEN AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION
Energy Diversification
– Diversity primary energy use for power generation and reduce fossil fuel dependency (esp. Oil)
Energy Conservation – Energy efficiency to reduce total domestic energy
and electricity demand and increase added value
Environmental Protection – Reduce SOx, NOx and Green-House-Gases
emission to support sustainable development and minimize externalities
Energy Security and Climate Change Mitigation
THE NECESSITY OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
Electricity Production Cost – Economically competitive and stabilize electricity
tariff.
Acquiring of High-Tech Power Generation – High Technology utilization will increase national
industrial capacity
Note : Optimum Energy Mix with non-discriminative and non-depletion to realize security of energy supply and to mitigate climate change in order to support national sustainable development
National Energy Policy, Presidential Regulation No: 5 Year 2006
National Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia, 2011 - Self Assessment of national nuclear infrastructure,
Report on IAEA’s INIR Mission and Action Plan on next phase of nuclear infrastructure development.
Country Nuclear Power Profile, 2011
- National energy situation and policy, Energy planning including nuclear power programme, Organization and Legal framework.
2. Available Documents Containing Nuclear Energy Strategy
• Time Frame covered by the Strategy National Energy Policy 2006 - 2025 • Process of Generation and Approval of
Documents Presidential Regulation is generated and approved by
the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Report on Nuclear Infrastructure Development in
Indonesia is generated by the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) in cooperation with related Institutions.
Country Nuclear Power Profile of Indonesia is generated by the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) in cooperation with Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) and delivered to IAEA periodically to be published in the IAEA’s website
Notes :
• Level Details in the Strategy The policy underlines the need of conversion in all
sectors to be implemented immediately to reduce the dependence on oil fuel as well as to diversify energy, alleviate poverty, increase economic growth, and promote environmentally-friendly development.
• Frequency of updates of documents National Energy Policy is revisited every 5 years. Nuclear Infrastructure Development in Indonesia and
Country Nuclear Power Profile are updated annually
Notes :
• Connection to National Sustainable
Development Plant nuclear energy as part of national energy mix to
strengthen national energy security and to mitigate climate change.
• Strategy after Fukushima. Public information and education activities Lesson learned and Improve nuclear safety for the
application and development of sustainable nuclear energy system in Indonesia
Siting studies by incorporating the lesson learned from Fukushima accident.
• The government of Indonesia intends to apply an optimum energy mix comprising all viable prospective energy sources
• The Presidential Regulation No.5 year 2006 indicates the target of energy mix until 2025 including nuclear energy
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National Energy Policy
22
Wind
3. Indonesia has long been a strong advocate in promoting nuclear energy for peaceful proposes
Indonesia is a state party to the NPT, SEANWFZ, and member of IAEA, ANSN and FNCA
Article IV of the NPT not only recognizes, but also
justified the inalienable right of every state to develop nuclear for peaceful purposes without discrimination.
To show its commitment to nuclear non-proliferation,
Indonesia has put in place integrated safeguards system which covers both the comprehensive safeguards and the additional protocol of IAEA to its nuclear facilities
SAFEGUARDS CONCLUSIONS : For 13 States ( Australia, Croatia, Ghana, the Holy See,
Hungary, Indonesia, Jordan, Monaco, New Zealand,
Norway, Peru, Slovenia and Uzbekistan ) having both
Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA) and
Additional Protocol (AP) in force, the IAEA concluded
that all nuclear material had been placed under
safeguards and remained in peaceful nuclear activities.
Source : International Atomic Energy Agency
STATUS OF INDONESIA : INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR ENERGY
Signed (1997) Bilateral cooperation and supply agreement(s) 11.
Signed (1997) Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage 10.
Signed (1997) Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention 9.
Ratified by PD No 84 Year 2010 Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management
8.
Agreed by Parliament for ratification Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) 7.
Ratified by No.106 Year 2001 Convention on Nuclear Safety 6.
Ratified: Act No. 9 Year. 1997 Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone
5.
Ratified by PD No. 82 Year 1993 Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency
4.
Ratified by PD No. 81 Year. 1993 Convention on Early Notification of A Nuclear Accident 3.
Ratified by President Degree (PD) No. 49 Year. 1986
Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its Amendment
2.
Ratified: Act No. 8 Year. 1978 Signed Signed
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Safeguard Agreement with IAEA - Additional Protocol to Safeguards
1.
STATUS INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS No.
4. Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure
• In order to assess status of nuclear national infrastructure a self-assessment using milestone approach is used
• The status (Nov 2009) is shown as Figure 1 • The nuclear national infrastructure is developed in three phase with
each milestone: • First phase: consideration before decision to launch a nuclear power
program with milestone 1 of ready to make knowledgeable commitment to nuclear power program
• Second phase: preparatory work for the construction of a NPP after a policy decision with milestone 2 ready to invite bid
• Thirds phase: activities to implement a first NPP with milestone 3 ready to commission and operate the first NPP
Integrated Nuclear Infrastruktur Review (INIR)
• INIR mission is conducted in order to provide external peer review by IAEA
• INIR Mission is implemented at different phases of the infrastructure development of Member state
• INIR Mission phase 1 has been done in 23-27 November 2009
Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure
• Key Infrastructure Issues to be evaluated
• National position • Nuclear safety • Management • Funding and financing • Legislative framework • Safeguards • Regulatory framework • Radiation protection • Electrical grid • Human resources development
• Stakeholder involvement • Site and supporting facilities • Environmental protection • Emergency planning • Security and physical
protection • Nuclear fuel cycle • Radioactive waste • Industrial involvement • Procurement
IAEA document for newcomer • “Potential for Sharing Nuclear Power Infrastructure
between Countries”, TECDOC-1522, October 2006 • “Managing the First Nuclear Power Plant Project”,
TECDOC-1555, May 2007 • “Considerations to Launch a Nuclear Power Programme”
,GOV/INF/2007/2 , March 2007 • “Milestones in the Development of a National
Infrastructure for Nuclear Power, NE Series Guide NG-G- 3.1, September 2007
• INSAG-22 on Safety Infrastructure, 2008 • Evaluation of the Status of National Nuclear
Infrastructure Development, NE Series No. NG-T-3.2, 2008
• Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) Missions, Guidance on Preparing and Conducting INIR Missions, 2009
Fig 1: Nuclear Infrastructure Development Program (Nov 2009)
Phase 1
Consideration before a decision to
launch a nuclear power programme
is taken
Phase 2
Preparatory work for the construction
of a NPP after a policy decision has
been taken
Phase 3
Activities to implement a first
NPP
Phase 4
Maintenance and continuous
infrastructure improvement
Pre Project Project Decision Making
Construction Operation/ decommissioning
Nulear power option included
within the national energy
strategy
Milestone 1 Ready to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme
Milestone 2 Ready to invite bids for the first NPP
Milestone 3 Ready to commission and operate the first NPP
10-15 years
Pres.Reg. 5/2006
Act. 17/2007
Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning
Infra
stru
ctur
e D
evel
opm
ent
Pro
gram
1st
NP
P
Pro
ject
Status NPP Dev
No. INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS OF PHASE 1 1. National Position NEPIO not yet establish
2. Nuclear Safety No actions needed
3. Management NEPIO not yet establish
4. Funding and Financing Minor actions needed
5. Legislative Framework Minor actions needed
6. Safeguards No actions needed
7. Regulatory Framework No actions needed
8. Radiation Protection No actions needed
9. Electric Grid No actions needed
10. Human Resource No action needed
11. Stakeholder Involvement Well-structured programme needs to establihed
12. Site and Supporting facility Minor actions needed
13. Environmental Protection No actions needed
14. Emergency Planning No actions needed
15. Security and Physical Protection No actionsw needed
16. Nuclear Fuel Cycle No actions needed
17. Radioactive Waste No actions needed
18. Industrial Involment Minor actions needed
19. Procurement No actions needed
Recommendations and Suggestions
5. Major Concerns on NPP Preparation
• Public Acceptance – Socialization – National level – Local site
• Siting – Site and Environmental study (safety related, non safety, and social aspects)
• Safety Concerns – Technology (proven technology) – Culture
• The choice of NPP Technology – Proven Technology
• Top management Commitment : NEPIO • Supports
– Politicians/Parliament – NGO’s – Community & Religious Leaders
• Human Resources Development for NPP • Lesson learnt from NPP Fukushima accident.
6. Conclusion Nuclear energy is available to constribute, in sustainable
development manner, to meeting the energy needs of the 21st century.
The role of nuclear energy would increase the diversity of
energy supplies and strengthen energy supply security as well as climate change mitigation
Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most
infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone methodology.
The introduction of NPP is not only to reach an optimal energy mix based on costs and environmental protection, but also to relieve the pressure arising from increasing demad for oil and gas as well as to support sustainable development.
The necessity of NPP to suffice conservation, intensification,
diversification and sustainable of energy supply will be symbiotic and synergetic to fossil and new as well as renewable enery supply.
Nuclear power can be utilized for electricity production and non
eletricity application ( such as ; Desalination, EOR, Hydrogen production, Coal gasification and liquifaction etc ).
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