SEMINOR ON
PATTERNS OF NURSING EDUCATION
AND
TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
SUBMITTED TO
Mrs . SATHYA
M. SC (NURSING)
LECTURER
BCN
SUBMITTED BY
ARUL VIMALA MARY
M.SC (N) I YEAR
BCN
INDEX
S. NO CONTENT PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TERMINOLOGIES
3. DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA
4. NUMBER OF NURSING COURSES IN INDIA TODAY
5. CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERN IN NURSING
6. ASSISTANT NURSE MIDWIFE
7. GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFE
8. B. SC (NURSING)
9. POST CERTIFICATE BACHOLER OF NURSING COURSE
10. DEGREE OF MASTER NURSING
11. MASTER OF PHILOSPHY IN NURSING
12. DOCTORATE OF PHILOSPHY IN NURSING
13. NURSE PRACTITIONER PROGRAMS
14. SUMMARY
15. CONCLUSION
16. BIBLIOGRAPHY
PATTERNS OF NURSING EDUCATION
AND
TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
INTRODUCTION:
Nursing, a profession that recalls the name of Florence Nightingale is indeed one of the noblest professions in the world. It is the art of caring sick people with the science of health care. It is the vital component of any form of medical care. The largest group of workers in the health sector are those in nursing occupations as nurses and nursing assistants. In a hospital from a general ward to the operating theatre, nursing forms an integral part. This is one of the few domains of work that is almost totally dominated by women.
TERMINOLOGIES:
NURSING:
Nursing is the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health that he would performed unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
EDUCATION:
According to John dewey, Education is the development of all these capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities.
NURSING EDUCATION:
Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and systematically planned and implemented through instruction and discipline and aims the harmonious development and aesthetic powers.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Professional development is the need of competition and knowledge explosion should be explain properly and prepare the student to render professional nursing care in the best or higher possible manner.
PHILOSOPHY:
Philosophy is a search for a comprehensive view of nature an attempt at a universal explanation of things.
- Henderson
NURSING EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA:
The nursing council act came into existence in 1948 to constitute a council of nurses who would safeguard the quality of nursing education in the country. The mandate was establish and maintain uniform standards of nursing education. Today, the nursing education is regulate by Indian nursing council through prescription, inspection, examination, certification and maintaining its stand for a uniform syllabus at each level of nursing education.
BASIC GENERAL NURSING:
1. TRAINING OF DAIS:
The Dai training continued past independence. The goal was to train one Dai in each village and ultimate goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country.
Duration of training was 30 days. No age limit was prescribed, training include theory and practice, more emphasis on field practice. This training was done at sub centre and equipments provided by UNICEF.
2. AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE:
In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with some important decisions relating to future patterns of nursing training in India. One of the important decision was that there should be only two standard of training in nursing and midwifery, subsequently the curriculum for those courses were prescribed.
The first course was started at St. Mary’s hospital, Punjab, 1951. Qualification was up to 7 or 8 years of schooling. Training period is 2 years. In 1977, as a result of decision to prepare multipurpose health workers and vocationalization of higher secondary education.
3. LADY HEALTH VISITER COURSE:
Training of these course continued post independence. The syllabus prepared and prescribed by INC in 1951. The entrance qualification was matriculation, duration was 2 1/2 years.
4. GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COURSE:
GNM course existed since early years of century. In 1951, syllabus was prescribed by INC. In 1954, public health was integrated into basic nursing course.
5. POST CERTIFICATE SHORT TERM COURSES:
During 1948-50, four nurses were sent to U.K. by Govt of India for mental health nursing diploma. During 1954, Manzil medical health centre, Luck now gave psychiatric nursing education course of 4 to 6 weeks duration. In 1951, a one year course in public health was started at college of nursing, Delhi. Govt of India felt urgent need for psychiatric nurses during 1953-54, this resulted in first organized course at all India Institute of Mental Health.
UNIVERSITY LEVEL PROGRAMMES:
1. BASIC B.SC (NURSING) :
First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of Delhi and CMC, Vellore. In 1949, on recommendation of university education committee and education commission (1964-1966) and conference, workshop held by TNAI, The WHO and some more colleges came up in different state affiliated to different university.
2. POST BASIC B. SC (NURSING):
The need for higher training certificate nurses was stressed by the Mud liar committee in 1962. Two year post certificate programme was started in December 1962, for nurses with diploma in general midwifery with minimum 2 years of experience. It was first started in university of Trivandrum.
3. POST BASIC NURSING BY DISTANCE EDUCATION:
In 1985, Indira Gandhi, National open university was established. In 1992 Post Basic B.sc Nursing program was launched, which is three years duration course is recognized by INC.
4. M.SC NURSING:
First two years course in master of nursing was started at RAK College of nursing in 1959 and in 1969 in CMC, Vellore. At present there are many college importing M.sc (N) degree course in different specialities.
5. M. PHIL:
INC felt need for M. Phil programme as early as on 1977, for this purpose committee was appointed. In 1986 one year full time and two years part time programme was started in RAK College of nursing, Delhi.
6. PH.D NURSING:
Indian nurses were sent abroad for Ph.D programme. From 1992 Ph.D in nursing also available in India.
NUMBER OF NURSING COURSES IN INDIA TODAY
1. Basic b.sc (nursing)
2. M.sc nursing
3. General nursing and midwifery course
4. Auxillary nurse midwife
5. Hospital nursing
6. Public health nursing
7. Military nursing
8. Educators
9. Industrial nursing
10. Psychiatric nursing
11. Paediatric nursing
CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERN IN NURSING
AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE (MULTI PURPOSE HEALTH WORKER)
Philosophy:
The syllabus and regulation set forth in this document have been formulated in according with the health needs of the country, basic principles of vocational education and resources actual and potential.
Component:
1. The resource available
2. The commitment of the state registration nursing councils to bring nursing education for health worker in to the main stream of nursing education
3. The philosophy of the institution conducting the health workers training programme
4. Co-operation of the board of secondary education.
Venue:
The training programme for health workers should preferably be conducted in a primary health care, district or Taluk hospital and health institution with facilities for providing greater part of training in rural areas.
Objectives:
1. General objectives:
At the end of training program, the student health worker should demonstrate ability to plan and carry out job responsibilities assigned to him/her under the multipurpose worker scheme.
2. Specific objectives:
Explain the principles of healthful living related to all age groups in the community
Perform basic health care activities in community
Plan carryout nutrition and health care activity in home, clinic and community
Provide basic material and child health care including immunization service and family planning service
Participate in prevention and control of communicable disease
Provide first aid and emergency nursing care
Promote community development activities
Instructional hours:
Total instructional hours for vocational training 1350 hours. 30 hours per week for 45 weeks. For study a vocational subjects and vocation related science subject, include theory, practical supervised fieldwork and training.
Time distribution:
In one week - 30 instructional hours
First week - Orientation
2 to 24 week - Classes
24 to 45 week-Supervised practical
Total-78 weeks
Leave, vacation – 6 weeks
Examination at 30 th week
Administration of school:
Administrative head:
A Principal nursing officer should appointed as an administrative head of the school.
Budget:
Regular budgetary allocation
Transport
Library books and journals
External lectures
Staff:
For 30 students or less than that, teaching class room field,
Principal - 1
Public health nurse - 2
Nursing tutor -2
Senior sanitarian -1
Facilities:
Non teaching staff (cook, cleaner)
Transport facilities
Teaching areas
Clinical facilities and teaching laboratory
Residential facilities
Health and counselling services.
Examination:
The state nursing registration council will conduct all registration examination at the end of 1 ½ years training in the subject wise.
Subjects:
S.no Subjects Hours
SEMESTER – I
1. Anatomy and physiology 90
2. Microbiology 30
3. Fundamentals of nursing 60
4. Child health 60
5. Maternal and family health 30
6. Community health 30
7. Demonstration midwifery 15
8. Midwifery and maternal nursing 60
9. Field/clinical experiences (per week) 40
10. Community health experience 200
11. Hospital nursing experience 120
Total hours – 435 + 320 755
S.no Subjects Hours
SEMESTER - II
1. Psychology 60
2. Sociology 60
3. Nutrition 60
4. First aid and emergency nursing 30
5. Midwifery and maternity nursing 60
6. Family planning and welfare education 30
7. Skills and audio-visual aids 30
8. Community health experience 220
9. Hospital institution nursing 100
Total hours – 420 +320 740
SEMESTER – III
1. Health problems and plans 30
2. Nutrition education 30
3. Communicable diseases 90
4. Mental disease and basic medicine 15
5. Pharmacology 210
6. Community health experience 220
7. Hospital institutional nursing 100
Total hours – 405 + 320 725
Award of class:
Distinction - above 75 %
First class - 70 to 74.9 %
Second class -60 to 69 %
Third class -50 to 59 %
Eligibility for examination:
Has attended not less than tree fourth of total class for each paper
Has complete the practical training requirement
Record practical experience and signed by head of the school
Has meet the field experience
Certificate will be issued on completion of 18 months of training requirements.
GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFE PROGRAMMES
Philosophy:
The international council of nurses states that the unique function of nurse is to assist the individual sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he would perform unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to hold him, gain independence rapidly as possible.
General objectives:
Demonstrate awareness and skills required in nursing process in the provision of health care
Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities using biological and behavioural sciences
Show sensitivity and skill in human relationships and communication in her daily work
Demonstrate skill in the use of problem solving method
Gain knowledge about health resources
Demonstrate leadership skills
Demonstrate understanding and commitment of professional behaviour
Demonstrate ability to self awareness
Promotion of health, precautions against illness and restoration of health
Setting up of school of nursing:
Minimum requirement:
It should have teaching staff on proportion to number of students and certain physical facilities, laboratories, library and auditorium. Administrative head of the school should be the principal.
Teaching staff:
For school of nursing with 60 students,
*Principal - 1
*Vice-principal – 1
*Tutors – 6
For every addition 10 students there should be one tutor.
Qualification of teaching staff:
A. Principal:
Masters in nursing with a minimum 3 years teaching and administrative experience. If such a candidate is not available. A B. Sc (Nursing) with 5 years teaching and administrative experience.
B. Vice-Principle: Same as Principle qualification
C. Tutors/ clinical instructors:
Masters of nursing if not available, B.Sc/ Post basic B.Sc, even if not available , a candidate with diploma in nursing education and administration or any other equivalent post-basic diploma with 8 years of teaching and administrative experience in nursing.
D. Additional staff:
Stenographer - 1
Cashier, accountant -1
Typist -1
Librarian -1
Assistant librarian -1
Lab attendant -1
Chowkidars -4
Driver -1
Cleaner -1
Peons -3
Sweepers -3
Duplicating machine operator-1
E. Budget:
School should have separate budget, should be the drawing and distributing officer and empowered to plan for operating the funds in all different heads as per governments rules and regulations and as deemed , necessary for running an educational institution.
PHYSICAL FACILITIES:
Class room:
It should be at least four classrooms with a capacity to accommodate the number of students admitted in each class .
Laboratories:
For nursing practice, there should be demonstration room, large enough to accommodate six beds, nutrition lab, community and obstetrical laboratories.
Auditorium:
It should be spacious enough to accommodate large preferably double the number of current strength to have visiting faculty and senior students.
Library:
It should have comfortable seating arrangements for one third of total number of students and staff. It should have proper lighting, heating and cooling arrangements, sufficient number of cupboards and up to date reference book, text books, magazines and news papers.
Examination hall:
It should be able to accommodate the total number of students and proper light, ventilation, seating arrangements.
Office facilities:
In office minimum of six offices for teaching staff with toilet facilities, separate office for office staff and equipment should be adequately furnished.
Other facilities:
Common rooms (minimum three rooms)
Record rooms (stool racks and built in shelves)
Store room
Room for audio-visual aids
Drinking water facilities
Toilet facilities
CLINICAL FACILITIES:
Field practice area:
A well set up field- teaching centre with provision for accommodation for 10 students and two staff members
Transport facilities
Arrangement for securing of staff and students
Hospital:
The hospital should be provided all the learning experience required for the student from a school of nursing
There shall be minimum of 150 beds with a daily average turnover of not less than 100 patents and out-door clinics and operating rooms.
HOSTEL FACILITIES:
Bed rooms:
There should preferably be three students in one room with space for each student being 70 square feet carpet area per student. The furniture provided should include separate sleeping , seating and storage arrangement for each student.
Toilet and bath rooms:
This facilities should be provided on each floor at the rate of one bathrooms and one latrine for six students.
Other facilities:
Recreation (indoor and outdoor games)
Visitors room
Kitchen and dining hall
Pantry
Washing and ironing room
Warden
Canteen
Transport facilities
Crèche
STUDENTS:
Admission:
Age for entrance shall be 17 years to 35 years for ANM. For ANM/LHV age is relax able up to 35 years, provided they meet the minimum educational requirements 12 years of schooling.
Admission of students shall be once a year
Students should be medically FIT
Vacation and holidays:
Annual vacations 30 days/yr
Sick leave 10 days/yr
Preparatory holiday 7 days/yr
TRAINING PROGRAMME:
Duration: 3 to 3 ½ years
Preliminary period:
Preliminary period of 12 weeks. During this time she will attend the ward for observation and supervised practice not exceeding 16 hours per week.
Year wise distribution of weeks and days are,
I year 42 weeks 250 days
II year 42 weeks 250 days
III year 42 weeks 250 days
Annual hours = 42 x 36 hours = 1500 hours. It is recommended that hours of institution and clinical field experience be divided as follows for each year.
year Instruction – supervised Clinical field
practice (hrs) experience (hrs)
I year 565 935
II year 350 1150
III year 250 1250
Course of instruction and supervised practice:
year subject hours
I Basic science applied to nursing 80
Physics and chemistry 20
microbiology 30
Behavioural science applied to nursing 60
Community health nursing-I 180
Fundamentals of nursing 165
Total 565
II Medical surgical nursing 240
Psychiatric nursing 30
Paediatric nursing 50
Advanced nursing practice 30
Total 350
III Midwifery 100
Community health nursing - II 100
Professional trends and adjustments 30
Management nursing 20
Total 250
Grand total 1165
Records:
The minimum records should be maintained for each students.
Admission records
Health records
Class attendance
Clinical and field experience
Progress reports on assessment in theory/practical
Mark list
Leave record
Practical record book
Cumulative records
Examination:
Eligibility for examination:
a) Student has completed not less than 11 month of course and that her total performance has been satisfactory during t5hat period.
b) Student has attended 75% of formal instruction given on each subject and 75%field experience separately during the year.
c) Record the practical experience is up to date.
Board examination:
Distinction : 80% and above
First division : 70 to 79.9 %
Second division :60 to 69.9%
Pass : 50 to 59.9%
BASIC B.SC (NURSING)
Objectives:
The programme is designed:
To provide a balance of professional and general education
To enable a student to become a professional nurse practitioner who has self-direction and is a responsible citizen
Understanding the application of principles from the physical, biological, social and behavioural science for assessing health status.
Ability to investigate health care problems systemically
Ability to work collaboratively
Ability to assume responsibility for continuing learning and for increasing competence in nursing practice
Appreciation of professional attitudes necessary for leadership role in nursing
Appreciation of social and ethical obligation
Attendance, progress and conduct:
Each student must have certificate of satisfactory attendance, progress and conduct from the principle of the college of nursing to be eligible for appearing in the university examination.
A minimum of 80 % attendance is required in theory and practical separately in each subject attendance of 10 % may be conducted by the vice-chancellor on the recommendation of the principal based on the genuinity of the cases.
Internal assessment:
The principle is enunciated by the university in each subject for which 20 % of the marks are set apart and these will be the minimum of 2 assignments and three periodical test in every year to assess the progress of the candidate.
Declaration of results:
Score 50 % of the marks in theory and 50% in practical. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% marks in the university conducted written exam and 50% aggregate.
Declaration of class:
A successful candidate obtaining 75% and more marks in the grand total aggregate in the first attempt shall be declared to have passed with distinction. 60 to 75% in aggregate in grand total is first class. 50 to 60 % shall be declared to have passed those subjects with second class and candidate who passes in more than one attempt will be placed in pass class irrespective of the percentage of mark scored.
Course of the study:
Year Subject Th.hrs Pr. hrs
I English 90 -
Kannada 45 -
Sociology 45 -
Anatomy 60 20
Physiology 60 20
Bio -chemistry 30 15
Principles and practice of nursing 240 300
Psychology 45 -
Microbiology 45 -
Introduction to community health nursing 75 15
Total 780 45
II Pharmacology 30 15
Medical surgical nursing -I 270 600
Community health nursing - I 75 105
Statistics and nursing research 30 -
Nutrition (growth and development) 60 30
Total 405 750
III Midwifery - I 60 150
Medical surgical nursing – II 75 210
Child health nursing 75 240
Mental health nursing 75 240
Nursing education 60 150
Total 345 990
IV Midwifery - II 60 300
Community health nursing-II 60 450
Nursing administration 60 105
Trends and issues in nursing 45 -
Electives 45 30
Total 270 885
POST CERTIFICATE B.SC (NURSING) COURSE
Philosophy:
a. The faculty believes that nursing is an integral part of health care delivery system and share the responsibility by working in collaboration with other professional for the attainment of optimal health for all members of society.
b. As an essential health service, nursing includes prevention of disease, promotion of health for individual and family
c. Practice of nursing is the teaching and counselling of patient and family
d. For effective professional education and practice
e. Enhance the effectiveness of nursing care.
Eligibility for admission:
a. Hold a certificate in a general nursing
b. Be a registered nurse
c. Have minimum of 2 years of experience
d. Have passed pre-university examination
e. Be medically fit
Objectives:
Administer high quality of nursing care
Apply knowledge from theory to practice
Investigate health care problems systematically
Work collaboratively with health team members
Teach and counsel individual and family
Understand human behaviour
Establish effective interpersonal relationship with individuals and families
Planning and carrying out community health programmes
Ability in administrative skills and teaching skills
Identify social and cultural importance to care the patient
Acquire a professional attitude necessary to leadership
Increasing competencies in nursing
Recognize social and ethical obligation in society
Course of the study:
Course of study comprises of 2 years.
Attendance, progress and conduct:
Minimum of 80 % attendance
Progress and conduct of student should be satisfactory and certified
Internal assessment:
The principle enunciated by university in each subject, for which 20 % of the mark are set apart and they will be added to the final grade in the university exam. There shall be 2 assignments and periodical tests in each year to assess the progress of the candidate. The candidate fails in an exam; internal assessment shall be assessed again at request for betterment in the second attainment only.
Course of the study:
Year Subject Th.hrs Pr. hrs
I English 60 -
Biology 45 -
Physics and chemistry 60 -
Sociology 60 -
Educational psychology 60 -
Reproductive and child health 90 90
Microbiology 45 30
Anatomy and physiology 60 15
Leadership development 45 -
Nursing – I (components) 75 45
Nursing research and statistics 60 -
Total 660 180
II Community health nursing -II 120 180
Medical surgical nursing - II 120 180
Nursing education 75 75
Nursing administration 60 60
Mental health nursing 60 90
Total 435 585
DEGREE OF MASTER NURSING
Philosophy:
Is offered by institution of higher education
Prepare nurses for leadership position in nursing and health fields.
Prepare nursing graduates who are professionally equipped, creative, self- directed and directly motivated to deal with day-today problems.
Encourage accountability and commitment to life -long learning which foster import of quality of life
Objectives:
Increased psychomotor , cognitive and affective competencies
The ability to utilize the potentialities
Expertise in the utilization of concepts and theories
Ability to function effectively as educators and administrators
Ability to plan and initiate the changes in health care system
Leadership quality for the advancement of professional nursing
Ability to establish collaboration relationship with other members
Interest in life-long learning
Eligibility:
Have passed B.sc (n) / Post certificate B.sc (n) of any university
Have a minimum of 2 years experience
Candidate should be registered nurse
Subjects of the study:
Candidate will be examined in any one of the following branches,
I - Medical surgical nursing
II - Community health nursing
III -Child health nursing
IV -Obstetrics and gynaecological nursing
V -Psychiatric nursing
Duration:
The course of study shall extent over a period of 2 years.
Year Subject Th.hrs Pr. hrs
I Nursing education 150 150
Advanced nursing practice 150 200
Nursing research and statistics 150 100
Clinical speciality - I 150 650
Total 600 1100
II Nursing management 150 150
Dissertation - 300
Clinical speciality - II 150 950
Total 300 1400
Attendance:
Each student must have certificate of satisfactory attendance, progress and conduct from the head of institution to be eligible for admission to university examination.
Session requirement:
The principle enunciated by university in each subject, for which 20 % of the mark are set apart and they will be added to the final grade in the university exam. There shall be 2 assignments and periodical tests in each year to assess the progress of the candidate. The candidate fails in an exam, internal assessment shall be assessed again at request for betterment in the second attainment only.
Submission of dissertation:
The candidate shall submit a dissertation in the field of his/her speciality and co-guide, who shall be a teacher of from health sciences. The guide and co-guide will value the dissertation and average of which shall be the marks for internal assessment. The internal marks together with dissertation will be submitted to the university one month prior to university exam.
Examinations:
Examination conducted at each year, supplementary exam conducted during the winter vacation of each academic year of benefit if the student.
Exam results:
Distinction -80% and above
First class - 70% to 80%
Pass – 50%
MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING
Philosophy:
Nursing shares with the whole university a main focus of preparing its students for practice and assisting them to achieve a meaningful philosophy of life.
Commitment to life- long learning is the mark of truly professional person.
Objectives:
To strengthen the research foundation
To provide basic training for doctoral program
Duration:
Full time program – one year
Part time program – two year
Attendance:
A student required to attend not less than 2/3 rd of the total lecturers, seminars and practical separately in each course of part.
Course of study:
The M.Phil students will be in two distinct parts.
Part -I
It consists of 3 courses, one course to be selected from each of the three major groups A, B and C.
Part –II
After passing part-I examination, the student shall be write dissertation of each candidate will be determine by the advisory committee including project supervisory.
Evaluation of part-I and part-II:
Part Subject Ex. marks Int. amt Tot. marks
I Group A-Research method in nursing 50 50 100
Group B-Major aspects of nursing 50 50 100
Group C-Allied discipline 50 50 100
II Dissertation including viva 100 200 300
Total of part I and part II 250 450 600
Results:
Pass - At least 50% mark (part-I, II)
First class - 60 % marks in aggregate (part-I, II)
Distinction – 75 % marks in aggregate (part-I, II)
DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING
Board of research study:
Dean and head of the deportments concerned principles recognize for post graduate programmes
Two numbers dominated by the academic council
Three person nominated by the medical faculty
Eligibility criteria:
The candidate should be post graduate in nursing with more than 55% of aggregate marks
Should have research background
May or may not published articles in journals
The course duration for PhD, 3 years and for part time is 4 years
Procedure:
The post graduate has to apply to university, the admission committee will sanitize the application
Entrance test will be conducted in speciality subject and research for 50 marks each totalling 100.
If the candidate is qualified, candidate has to select the problem an obtain the signature of guide in respective department of university
During the first year the scholar has to redefine and state the problem, review has to be done. The first and third chapter have to be prepared. Sampling technique and selection of sample has to be chosen.
At the end of first year pre PhD exam in two subject has to be written is research and speciality. If they got through the exam they can do further word like construction of tool, reliability and validity of the tool, pilot study, finalization of the tool, administration of the tool for the sample code design, master sheet of data has to be prepared. Plan of data analysis under the guidance of statist an and guidance will carried out, then report
writing according to chapter-wise will be done under different chapter like introduction, review of the literature, methodology, data analysis, description of findings, summarizations and case studies will be included.
All the chapters will be monitor by the research supervisor. At the end, 7 copies of thesis to be submitted to the university. Three national and international examiners will observe and go through the write-up of research work and write their comments and send to the university.
Research has to present seminars about the topic to the faculty and head of the department. Finally viva-voice will be conducted in front of experts in the field. After seminar presentation, the faculty will raise the questions and student has to clarify them to guide will be assisting the student in giving response to the faculty. The student will be awarded with PhD by issuing the notification of approval copy.
NURSE PRACTITIONER PROGRAMS
Specialization has been articulated as a mark of the advancement of nursing profession. The nurse practitioner roles were developed in response to this advancement. The profession needed clinical practitioners who would focus on the specific segment of the whole of nursing, seeking in depth knowledge and advancement skills in a defined area of practice.
Concept of nurse practitioner:
Nurse practitioners are registered nurse with advanced education and training. They are qualified to evaluate, provide and co-ordinate comprehensive personalized health care.
Nurse practitioner certification:
Registered nurse licence is effective in major degree of nursing, current clinical practice in speciality, education in speciality authorized designation nurse practitioner.
Type of nurse practitioner:
Acute care nurse practitioner
Adult nurse practitioner
Emergency nurse practitioner
Paediatric nurse practitioner
Psychiatric nurse practitioner
Geriatric nurse practitioner
Family nurse practitioner
Community nurse practitioner
Women health nurse practitioner
Oncology nurse practitioner
Role of nurse practitioner:
Focusing on nursing care of patient
Collaborating with physician
Counselling and education
Diagnosing and treating acute illness
Diagnosing, treating and monitoring chronic illness
Providing health maintenance
Obtaining medical history and conducting physical examination
Ordering, performing and interpreting diagnostic studies
Prescribing medications
Rehabilitation treatments
Providing prenatal care
Providing well child care
CONCLUSION:
All degree program courses are presently being offered in about lot of universities in the country. Nurse practitioners are leaders in the field of nursing. They are people with ability to draw people to a vision and influencing them to commit to contributing to making the vision a reality.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BASEVANTHAPPA .B.T, 2003, NURSING EDUCATION, first edition, reprint 2004, Jaypee brothers publications, page no:8-12.
NEERAJA, 2003, TEXT BOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION, first edition, Jaypee publications, page no: 40-78.
SANKARA NARAYANAN, 2003, LEARNING AND TEACHING NURSING, first edition, Brainfill publications, page no: 16-20.
JOURNAL REFERENCE:
NIGHTINGALE NURSING TIMES, vol-5, number-4, july-2009, and page no: 65-67.
NET REFERENCE:
http://www.indiareer.com.nursing/india
http://nursing education planet.com/nr/blog.6.php.development of nursing education.