3.3 Parts of the Cell Key CONCEPTS:1. What are the cells structures and what are their functions?Language/Vocabulary:*Draw analogies between the cell and a city*Create our own analogies in a project
Nucleus• Only found in eukaryotic cells
• Control center or “brain” of cell
• Contains genetic information
• What molecule does the nucleus contain?
Nuclear Structures• The nuclear envelope
(membrane) surrounds
the nucleus
• What is the function of
the nuclear membrane?
- Allows messages from
nucleus to organelles to
pass through.
• The nucleolus is an
organelle inside the
nucleus
• Its function is to make
ribosomes for the cell
Cytoplasm• Area in between the nucleus
and cell membrane
• Made of a jelly-like substance
called cytosol
• Found in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
• What is the function of
cytoplasm?
– Holds the
organelles in place.
Draw a diagram of cell below
showing: cell membrane,
nucleus and cytoplasm.
Ribosomes
• Small round organelles
• Found in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
• What is the function of
ribosomes?
Ribosomes make
proteins!
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Network of membranes that surround the
nucleus
Two kinds:
1. Rough ER – has ribosomes on it
2. Smooth ER - no ribosomes
attached
The ER
transports proteins and lipids around
the cell
What types of cells have ERs?
EUKARYOTES
Golgi Apparatus• Group of flattened membranes
• Processe, packages, and ships
out (exports) cell products
Ex. Proteins
• AKA Golgi bodies
• What types of cells have a Golgi
apparatus?
• Eukaryotes
Lysosomes
• Small round organelles
• Mostly found in animal
cells
• Lysosomes are:
digestive organelles
• Breakdown molecules
for parts
• Eliminate:
waste products
• What organ system would
they be related to in
humans?
Mitochondria
• Large oval organelle
• Provide:
energy for the cell
• Used in cellular respiration
• Convert organic molecules to
energy molecules
Glucose Energy
• What does organic mean?
- contains the element carbon
Cilia• Cilia are short hair-like
projections on cells
• What is the function of
cilia?
• CELL MOVEMENT
• What kinds of cells have
cilia?
• Protists
(paramecium) and
animal cells
Flagella
• Flagella are long whip-
like tails on cells
• What is the function of
flagella?
• What kinds of cells
have flagella?
CELL MOVEMENT
Chloroplasts
• Large green organelles
that conduct the process
of:
photosynthesis
Produce sugar using light
energy.
• Glucose:
________________
• What kinds of cells have
chloroplasts?
• PLANTS!
Vacuole
Large organelle in plant cells
– Store WATER and waste products
– Help give plant cells their shape
• Animal cells may also have one or
two smaller vacuoles
• Can also store POISON in plants.
Cell Wall• Rigid structure that surrounds
the outside of cells
• Protects the cell
• Gives cells shape
• What types of cells have cell
walls?
Cell Membrane
• Semi-permeable structure that
surrounds the cell
• What does semi-permeable
mean?
• Allows some materials to pass
through
• Function:
Controls what enters and exits
the cell
• Found in all cells
• AKA : the plasma membrane
Cell MembraneMade of a bilayer of
phospholipids
• Phospholipids have
hydrophobic (fearing) tail
and hydrophilic (loving)
head
The cell membrane also has
proteins in it to help move
molecules in and out of
the cell