Paradigmatic and SyntagmaticParadigmatic and Syntagmatic
Meaning in text is created in the relation Meaning in text is created in the relation of paradigmatic elements and of paradigmatic elements and syntagmatic order. syntagmatic order.
Paradigmatic is selective in nature Paradigmatic is selective in nature represented in system network of vertical represented in system network of vertical relations—’is a kind of’ relation, systemrelations—’is a kind of’ relation, system
Syntagmatic is combinative in nature Syntagmatic is combinative in nature represented in horizontal order—’is a part represented in horizontal order—’is a part of’, structureof’, structure
System Network of ProcessSystem Network of Process
Process
primary
secondary
material
mental
relational
behavioural
verbal
existential
go, do, walk…
know, like, see, want…
BE, become, have, seem…
sleep. smile, die, bow…
say, tel, ask, order…
there+BE, come, lie, go…
Delicacy
System Network of CicumstanceSystem Network of Cicumstance
Circumstance
Delicacy
locationspatial
temporal
extent
manner
cause
contingency
role
matter
accompaniment
angle
System Network of Speech FunctionSystem Network of Speech Function
SPEECHFUNCTION
ROLES
COMMODITY
Giving
Demanding
Information
Goods & Services
Statement
Question
Offer
Command
Suggestion
System Network of MoodSystem Network of Mood
clause
STATUS
major
minor
+Predicator
MOODTYPE
indicative
imperative
+ MooD(+Finite+ Subject)
INDICATIVETYPE Declarative
Subject Λ Finite
interrogative
INERROGATIVETYPE
yes/noFinite Λ Subject
WH-+WhWh Λ Finite
Delicacy
Cline of InstantiationCline of Instantiationcontext of situation
text
instance
context of culture
system (of language)
repertoir of register –text type
Institution—situation type
potential
subpotential—instance type
System and StructureSystem and Structure
System is paradigmatic in nature System is paradigmatic in nature represented in system networkrepresented in system network
Structure is syntagmatic in nature Structure is syntagmatic in nature represented in order (structure and represented in order (structure and collocation)collocation)
Text is the product or instance of system Text is the product or instance of system networknetwork
Realization is inter-stratal relationRealization is inter-stratal relation
Plane of Content and ExpressionPlane of Content and Expression
The protolanguage microfunction or proto-The protolanguage microfunction or proto-microfunction is the plane of content or microfunction is the plane of content or meaning plane. They are elastic like meaning plane. They are elastic like rubber and are potential for development. rubber and are potential for development. The proto-microfunction is coded by The proto-microfunction is coded by phonetic/kinetic interface such as v.h.p.s phonetic/kinetic interface such as v.h.p.s (very high-pitched squeak [do…do ])(very high-pitched squeak [do…do ])
Proto-microfunction
Phonetic/kinetic representation
SemogenesisSemogenesis
The protolinguistic redundancy evolves to The protolinguistic redundancy evolves to metaredundancy of the adult language.metaredundancy of the adult language.
The protolanguage: bi-stratal evolves to tri-The protolanguage: bi-stratal evolves to tri-stratal (potentially n-strata). Evolution of stratal (potentially n-strata). Evolution of language or semohistory coverslanguage or semohistory covers
1.1. Phylogenetics (how meaning evolve in the Phylogenetics (how meaning evolve in the system)system)
2.2. Ontogenetics (how it develop in individuals)Ontogenetics (how it develop in individuals)
3.3. Logogenetics (how it unfolds in text)Logogenetics (how it unfolds in text)
Bi-and Tri-StratalBi-and Tri-Stratal
Content Plane(Semantics) Expression Plane
(phonetic/kinetic coding)
Semantics Lexicogrammar Phonology
MetaredundancyMetaredundancy
a b c
s t u
p q r
l m n
Metaredundancy (cont)Metaredundancy (cont)
General semiotics: General semiotics: bi-stratalbi-stratal
Language semiotics: tristratal — Language semiotics: tristratal — p q rp q r redoundsredounds not with not with l m nl m n but with the but with the redundancy of redundancy of l m nl m n with with a b c. a b c. (semantics-lexicogrammar-(semantics-lexicogrammar-phonology)phonology)
p q r (l m n a b c)p q r (l m n a b c)
s t u (p q r (l m n a b c))s t u (p q r (l m n a b c))
SEMIOTICS OF SEMIOTICS OF BUNGABUNGA
<bunga>[bµŋµŋΛΛ]]
anak gadis
sastra
Language and Social ContextLanguage and Social Context
GENRE
REGISTER
TEXT
IDEOLOGY
Metaredundancy (cont)Metaredundancy (cont)
((((p q rp q r l m nl m n)) a b c a b c
((s t u (p q rs t u (p q r (l m n a b c)))(l m n a b c)))
Ideology (Ideology (Genre (Register (Semantics Genre (Register (Semantics (Lex.Grammar Phonology)))(Lex.Grammar Phonology)))))
((((((((Ideology Ideology GenreGenre)) Register Register)) Semantics) Semantics) Lex.Grammar) PhonologyLex.Grammar) Phonology
Realization and InstantiationRealization and Instantiation
Realization: Realization: interstratalinterstratalInstantiation: intrastratalInstantiation: intrastratal
Realization: Field IdeationalRealization: Field Ideational
Instantiation: Declarative Instantiation: Declarative I went to theI went to the library.library.Realization of meaning is not biunique Realization of meaning is not biunique
rather one to manyrather one to many
System NetworkSystem Network
1.1.
2. 2.
a
b
xa or b
a
b
x
yp
q
A
ap
aq
bp
bq
Realization and InstantiationRealization and Instantiation
Field (Science)Field (Science)
TaxisParatactic
Hypotactic
LogicosemanticRelation
Expansion
Elaboration =
Extension +
Enhancement X
ProjectionLocution “
Idea ‘
X
Logical Function
Realization and Instantiation (cont)Realization and Instantiation (cont)
X X
1.The rails extends because they are
heated by the sun beam
2. Iron, copper, zinc, water and other
metals are called conductor because
they pass on electric current.
SPEECH FUNCTIONSSPEECH FUNCTIONS
SPEECHFUNCTION
ROLES
COMMODITY
Giving
Demanding
Information
Goods & Services
Statement
Question
Offer
Command
Suggestion
KnowledgeKnowledge
ConstructivismConstructivism
Knowledge: number of links between Knowledge: number of links between ‘meaning’ and expression‘meaning’ and expression
Hydrogen monoxideHydrogen monoxide
1. Dapat membuat kematian jika tertelan2. Dapat membakar kulit dalam bentuk gas3. Menjadi unsur utama hujan asam4. Dapat merusak rem mobil5. Dapat membuat orang muntah
Paradigmatic and SyntagmaticParadigmatic and Syntagmatic
Meaning in text is created in the relation Meaning in text is created in the relation of paradigmatic elements and of paradigmatic elements and syntagmatic order. syntagmatic order.
Paradigmatic is selective in nature Paradigmatic is selective in nature represented in system network of vertical represented in system network of vertical relations—’is a kind of’ relation, systemrelations—’is a kind of’ relation, system
Syntagmatic is combinative in nature Syntagmatic is combinative in nature represented in horizontal order—’is a part represented in horizontal order—’is a part of’, structureof’, structure
Metaphor and MetonymyMetaphor and MetonymyRelation between ‘meaning’ and Relation between ‘meaning’ and expression is incongruently coded in expression is incongruently coded in metaphor or metonymy. metaphor or metonymy.
Metaphor: relocation, displacement, Metaphor: relocation, displacement, comparisoncomparison
Metonymy: part-whole relationMetonymy: part-whole relation
System NetworkSystem Network
clause
STATUS
major
minor
+Predicator
MOODTYPE
indicative
imperative
+ MooD(+Finite+ Subject)
INDICATIVETYPE Declarative
Subject Λ Finite
interrogative
INERROGATIVETYPE
yes/noFinite Λ Subject
WH-+WhWh Λ Finite
Delicacy
Cline of InstantiationCline of Instantiationcontext of situation
text
instance
context of culture
system (of language)
repertoir of register –text type
Institution—situation type
potential
subpotential—instance type