Volume: 20 l No. 7 l July 2017
THE
P WER WAVESMONTHLY JOURNAL OF KERALA ELECTRICITY OFFICERS’ FEDERATION
CHIEF EDITOR: S Vijayan l EDITOR: M G Anandakrishnan l EDITORIAL BOARD: P N Biju, N V Joshy,Chandran Kannancheri, N Manylal, K G Madhukumar, T Sreehari (North Zone),
R Appukuttan (Central Zone), Noble Gulab S T (South Zone)MANAGER: N Shabu 8547735660
COMMITTEE MEMBERS: P C Prasad, Sivatmajan Achari V T Design&Layout: Ratheesh KumarFor correspondence: Editor, The Power Waves, Kerala Electricity Officers Federation, Chitharanjan Smarakom, Thycaud,
Thiruvananthapuram 695 014. Phone : 0471 2332772, 2329221
Views expressed in articles published in the ‘Power Waves’ may not necessarily be the views of the Federation. ‘Power Waves’however, welcomes free expression of divergent views and exchange of ideas through its pages.
4 FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬F¿Ønw-Kn-eqsSsshZypXn kpc-£bpw kwc-£-WhpwFkv. hnP-b≥
6 OUR VIEWSNc°v tkh\ \nIpXn]Xo£-Ifpw Bi-¶-IfpwA\¥-IrjvW≥.Fw.Pn
17 hmb\Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkwHcp hm-b\Nµ≥ IÆ-t©cn
8 ka-Im-enIwPn-F-kv-Sn-bpwtI-c-f-Øn-s‚ m-hn-bpwkn B¿ tPm-kv-]-Im-iv
12 TECH
Fan Regulators and
Energy Savings
15 TECH
Electricity Parameters
related to Safety
18 bmXHcp aWm-en-b≥ A]m-cX‰n. iolcn, tImgn-t°mSv
21 ]cn-ÿnXn]pjv]-taf 2017]n.-F≥. _nPp
22 STAFF CORNER
24 kmlnXywHm¿-Ω-I-fn¬ H-cp kp¬-Øm≥]n sP h¿-Ko-kv a-e-ta¬
4 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
F¿Ønw-Kn-eqsSsshZypXn kpc-£bpwkwc-£-Whpw
FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬
sshZypXn kpc-£bv°pw sshZypXn\jvSw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pw F¿ØnwKvhfsc D]-I-cn-°p-∂p. D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒF¿Øv eot°Pv k¿Iyq´v t_°-dp-Iƒ(C.-F¬.-kn.-_n) C∂v hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.
D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS hbdnw-Kn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ XI-cm-dp-Iƒ ImcWw sshZypXn\jvSw kw -hn-°p-I-bm-W-¶n-tem, D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ sshZyp-Xn-bp-ambn kº¿°-Øn-em-hp-Itbm sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F¿Øveot°Pv k¿Iyq´v t_°-dp-Iƒ DS≥Xs∂ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p C-Xns‚ e-ambnk¿Iyq-´n-te-°p≈ sshZypXn _‘wth¿s]-Sp-Øp-∂p. k¿Iyq-´nse XI-cm-dp-Iƒ amdn-b-Xn-\p-ti-jta C.-F¬.-kn.-_n.]q¿∆-ÿn-Xn-bn-em-hp-I-bp-≈q. Poh\pwsshZyp-Xnbpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v C.-F¬.-kn.-_n.-Iƒ hln-°p∂ ]¶v hfschep-Xm-Wv.
Db¿∂ thmƒt´-Pnepw (F-®v. -Sn)Xmgv∂ thmƒt´-Pn-ep-ap≈ (F¬.-Sn)sse\p-I-fn¬ kpc-£bv°pw XI-cm-dp-IƒD≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw bYm-Iawk¿Iyq v t_°-dp-Ifpw yqkp-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂p.
sshZypXn hnX-cW Sm≥kvt^m¿a-dp-I-fpsS \yqS¬ t]mbn‚pw t_mUnbpwsshZypXn hnX-cW sse\p-I-fpsS\yqS¬ t]mbn‚pw, Db¿∂ thmƒt -Pp≈
sshZypXn hnX-cW sse\p-I-fnse F√msshZypXn t]mÃp-I-fn-sebpw Ccp-ºp-`m-K-ß-fpw C≥Uy≥ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ]ImcwF¿Øv sNø-W-sa∂v I¿i-\-amb hyh-ÿ-bp-≠v. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Xmgv∂thmƒt´-Pp≈ hnX-cW sse\p-I-fnset]mÃp-I-fn¬ sshZypXn sse\n-s\m∏wHcp F¿Øv hb¿ IqSn ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂pw Hmtcm A©m-asØ t]mÃpw Ah-km-\sØ t]mÃpw F¿Øv sNø-W-sa∂pw hyh-ÿ-bp-≠v. CØcw Iogv-h-g°w IrXy-ambn ]men-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬sshZyp-Xm-]-I-S-Øn\pw sshZyp-tXm¿P\jvS-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p-.
F®v.-Sn. sse\p-I-fpsS t]mÃp-IƒF¿ØnwKv C√m-Ø-Xns‚ ^e-ambnC≥kp-te-‰¿ XI-cm-dn-em-Ip∂ ka-bØvtIm¨Io‰v t]mÃv \in-°p-Ibpw Ccpºvt]mÃv \n¬°p∂ mKsØ aÆv Np v ]gp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kw -h-߃ hsc D≠m-bn- p-≠v.
Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v hnX-cW Sm≥kv-t^m¿a -dp -Ifpw e£-°-W-°n\vsshZypXn ao‰-dp-Ifpw tISm-Ip∂-Xns‚][m\ ImcWw B ÿe-ß-fnseSm≥kvt^m¿a-dp-I-fn-sebpw \yqS¬sse\n-sebpw F¿ØnwKv IrXy-a-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. ASn-°Sn Sm≥kvt^m¿a¿tISm-Ip-∂Xpw Ce-IvtSm-WnIv sshZypXnao‰-dp-Iƒ h≥tXm-Xn¬ XI-cm-dn-em-Ip-
5July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
∂Xpw Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v F¿Ønw-Kn-eqsS Ign-bp-∂-Xm-sW∂v Cucm-‰p-t]´ Ce-IvSn-°¬ sk£-\nseta®m¬ Sm≥kvt^m¿a¿ tÃj-\n¬\S-Ønb ]T\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n- p≠v.CØcw ]h¿Ø-\-߃ hym]-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS D]-I-c-W-ßsf kwc-£n®v I\Ø kmº-ØnI \jvSwHgn-hm-°m-\m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
F√m A©m-asØbpw t]mÃn-se \yqS¬ sse≥ F¿Øv sNbvXn-√m-sb-¶n¬ \yqS¬ sse\n¬ 30thmƒt´Pv apX¬ 80 thmƒt´Pv hscD≠m-Ip-∂p. D]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsSsshZypXn D]-t`m-K-Øns‚ G‰-°p-d-®n-ep≈ ][m-\-ambpw sshIp-t∂cw 6 aWn-ap-X¬ cmXn10 aWnhscbp≈ ka-b-ØmWv kqNn-∏n®Xc-Øn¬ \yqS¬ sse\n¬thmƒt´Pv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Iam-Xo-X-amb Cu Ku≠v thmƒt -PmWv Ce-IvtSm-W-nIv sshZypXn ao‰-dp-IsftISm-°p-∂-Xv. IqSmsX an∂epwsse\p-Iƒ Iq´n-ap- p-∂-Xp-Im-c-WhpwD≠mIp∂ Db¿∂ thmƒt´-Pn¬sshZypXn ao‰-dp-Iƒ tISm-Ip-∂p-≠v.
sshZypXn D]-t`m-K-Øns‚ AfhvAkw-Xp-e-\m-h-ÿ-bn-em-hp-tºmƒD≠m-Ip∂ \yqS¬ thmƒt´PvImcWw D]-t`m -‡m-°ƒ°vthmƒt´Pv Ipd-bp-∂p. hnX-cWsse\nse \yqS¬ F¿Øp sNbvXn-´p≈ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \yqS¬thmƒt´Pv Ipd-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v IrXy Af-hn¬thmƒt´Pv Hcp t]mse F√m-bn-SØpw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
thmƒt´Pv Ipd-bp-∂-Xp-Im-cWwD]-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS sshZyp-tXm-]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-£-aX KWy-ambn Ipd-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS D]-t`mKwIpd-bp-Ibpw D]-I-c-W-߃ Iam-Xo-X-ambn NqSmbn Ah-bpsS Bbp¿-ssZ¿Lyw Ipd-bp-hm\pw CS-bm-Ip-∂p. \yqS¬ sse\nse F¿ØnwKpwSm≥kvt^m¿a-dp-I-fpsS Sm∏nwKvkvÃm≥tU¿Uv A\p-k-cn-®pambn-cp-∂m¬ D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ°v th≠Xthmƒt -Pn¬ sshZypXn e`n°pw. D]-t`mKw IqSp-∂-Xn-eqsS C°m-c-W-Øm¬ sshZyp-tXm-]-tbmKw IqSp-∂p.t_m¿Uns‚ hcp-am\Ønse Ipdhv]cn-l-cn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂p.
thmƒt´Pv Ipd-bp-tºmƒ hnX-cW sse\n¬ Id≠v h¿≤n-°p-∂p.h¿≤nX Id≠v sse\nse dknÃ≥-kp-ambn tN¿∂v hnX-cW sse≥NqSm-Ip-∂-Xn\pw AXn-eqsS h≥tXm-Xn¬ sshZypXn \jvSw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-Ip-∂p.
sshZypXn t_m¿Uns‚ 2015- 16kmº-ØnI h¿j-Ønse ]h¿-knÃw ÿnXn-hn-h-c-°-W-°-\p-k-cn®v BsI hnX-cWw sNbvXsshZypXn 22727.34 Zi-e£wbqWn‰pw AXn¬ hcp-am-\-am-°m-\m-bXv 19513.80 Zi-e£w bqWn‰vsshZyp-Xn-bpam-Wv. hn¬°m≥ Ign-bmsX \jvS-amb sshZyp-Xn-bpsSaqeyw 1500 tImSn cq]-tbmfw hcpw.C≥Uy≥ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ]Im-c-ap≈Du¿P amt\-Pvsa‚n\m¬ ]kvXpX\jvSw KWy-ambn Ipd-bv°mw.
Fkv. hnP-b≥
No v FUn-‰¿
6 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
OURViewsA\¥-IrjvW≥.Fw.Pn P\-d¬ skI´dn
kzX¥ C¥ybv°v Fgp-]Xvhb- m-bn´pw Imcy-amb am‰-ß-fn-√msX XpS¿∂p-h∂ \nIpXn hyh-ÿbv°v kaq-e-amb am‰w hcp-Øn-s°m≠v Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn(Goods and Service Tax) \ne-hn¬h∂p. Pq¨ 30˛mw XobXn A¿≤-cm-Xn-bnse ]m¿e-sa‚ v ktΩ-f-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn H‰ \nIpXn LS-\-bn-tebv°vcmPyw ]th-in-®p. GI-tZiw 15Hmfw h¿j-ßfmbn XpS-cp∂ Zo¿L-Im-esØ N¿®-Iƒ°pw hmZ-]-Xn-]m-Z-߃°pw tij-amWv GIo-IrX\nIpXn hyhÿ bmYm¿∞y-am-b-Xv.PΩq-Im-ivao¿ Xe-ÿm-\-amb io\-K-dn¬ tN¿∂ Nc°p tkh\\nIpXn \n¿Æb Iu¨kn¬ 1200Hmfw Nc-°p-Iƒ°v _m[-I-amb\nIpXn \nc-°p-Iƒ ]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠v. ]pXnb \nIpXn hyhÿ \ne-hn¬ h∂ Znhkw apX¬ hnhn[kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ Cu \nc-°p-Iƒ_m[-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.
GsXmcp \nIpXn hyh-ÿ-bnepw auen-I-amb am‰-߃ hcp-Øp -tºmƒ Hcp hn`m -K -Øn\v\jvShpw as‰mcp hn`m-K-Øn\vem`hpw D≠m-IpI km[m-c-W-am-Wv.F∂m¬ Nc°v tkh\ \nIp-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Cu c≠p km[y-X-Ifpw D≠m-bn-´n-√. em` \jvS-an√mØ am‰-am-bn-cn°pw GST bpsShc-thmsS D≠m-hpI. AXp-sIm-≠mWv CXns\ dh\yq \yqS¬BsW∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \mevkvfm_p-Iƒ amX-ap≈ ]pXnb\nIpXn LS-\bv°v Hcp ]ptcm-K-a\
Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn]Xo£-Ifpw Bi-¶-Ifpw
]cn-thjw D≠v. a‰p cmPy-ß-fn¬\ne-\n¬°p∂ kam\ cq]-Øn-ep≈ \nIpXn hyh-ÿ-I-fn¬\n∂pw Nc°p tkh\ \nIp-Xnsbth¿s]-SpØn \n¿Øp-∂Xpw CXm-Wv. kzØn-s‚ DS-a-ÿ-Xbnepw hcp-am -\ -Øn-s‚ \ne-hm -c -Øneppw[mcmfw Akz-a -Ø-߃ \ne-\n¬°p∂ C¥y-bn¬ hnX-c-W-ta-J-e-bnse A\o-Xn-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sphm-\p≈ ]cn-i-a-ßsf ]nt∂m-´-Sn-°p∂XmWv \ne-hnse \nIpXnhyh-ÿ-bnse k¶o¿Æ-X-Iƒ.CØcw k¶o¿Æ-X-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°m≥Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn t]mse]ptcm-K-a\ kz`m-h-ap-≈Xpw efn-X-hp-amb Hcp \nIpXn kº-Zmbw aqewIgn-bp-sa∂v ]Xym-in-°mw.
2015 sabv amk-Øn¬ GST t`Z-KXn _n¬ temIvk` ]mkm-°n-sb-¶nepw 2016 BK-Ãn¬ amX-amWv
cmPy-k- -bpsS AwKo-Imcw e`n-®-Xv.2016 sk]vXw-_¿ 8 \v `c-W-L-S\t`Z-KXn \nbaw 101 \ne-hn¬ hcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2016 sk]vXw-_¿15 \v GST Iu¨kn¬ t\m´n- n-t°-j≥ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®tXm-Sp-IqSn Nc°vtkh\ \nIp-Xn-bn-te-bv°p≈ am‰-Øn\v XpS-°-am-bn. bqWn-b≥ [\-Im-cy-a¥n sNb¿am-\mbpw kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS dh\yq Nm¿÷p≈ tIµa¥nbpw, kwÿm-\-ß-fnse [\-Im-cy-a-¥n-amcpw tN¿∂-Xm-Wv GST
Iu¨kn¬. GST Npa-Øp-hm\pwHgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-ap≈ km[-\-ßfpw tkh-\-ßfpw GsXm-°-bm-sW∂pw Ah-bpsS \nc-°p-Iƒkw_-‘n®v Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-t°-≠Xpw GST Iu¨kn-em -Wv .kwÿm-\-߃ XΩnepw, tIµhpwkwÿm-\hpw XΩnepw GST Imcy-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ X¿°-߃ N¿®-I-
7July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
fn-eqsS ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-tS≠ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw GST Iu¨kn-en¬\n£n-]vX-am-Wv. GST Iu¨kn-en¬lmP-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ AwK-ß-fpsS\men¬ aq∂v `qcn -]-£-tØmSvamXta Iu¨kn-en\v Xocp-am-\-߃ ssIs°m-≈m-\m-hq.
Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn \S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ hne-Isf kw_-‘n®pw km[-\-ß-fpsS e`y-Xsbkw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ Bi-¶-I-fmWvP\-߃°p-≈-Xv. hne-°-b-‰-Øn\v
Hm¨sse≥ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv ¿\S-]-Sn-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Poh-\-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂Bi-¶-Ifpw A\n-›n-X-Xzhpw Cu]w‡n-bn-eqsS Ign-™-am-khpwt_m¿Uv A[nIm-cn-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. Hm¨sse≥P\-d¬ Sm≥kv -dp-ambn _‘-s∏ vPoh-\-°m-cpsS k¿∆okv C≥UIvkvXøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn t_m¿Uv DØ-c-hn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ ka-hm-Iy-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ]e-th-Zn-bnepwkwL-S\ D∂-bn-®-Xm-Wv.. B ka-hmIyw D]-tbm-Kn®v C≥UIvkvXøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ \oXn-]q¿∆-a-√mØ hyXym-k-ßfpw kwL-S\ Nq≠n-°m- n-bn-cp-∂p. C≥UIvkvIW-°m-°p∂ coXn°p ]pdta^vfmKnUv t]mÃp-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw, hS-°≥ Pn√-bnse Poh-\-°m-cpsS Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥sX°≥ Pn√-bnse Poh-\-°m-cpsSFÆ-Ønepw Ipdhv hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-scbpw \ΩpsS kwL-S\ ]c-ky-\n-e-]m-sS-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cuhnjbw Db¿Øn-s°m≠v kwL-S\]kn-≤o-I-cn® t\m´okpw ]N-cW
km[y-X-bn-s√∂pw Aan-X-em`w FSp-°m≥ ian -°p -∂-h¿s°-XnscI¿i\ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-sa∂pwk¿°m¿ Bh¿Øn®v ]d-bp-∂p.IrXna hne-°-b‰w krjvSn-°p-∂-h¿s°-Xnsc B‚o t]m^n-‰n-b-dnwKv]Imcw \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥GST Iu¨kn-en\v A[n-Im-c-ap≠v.Nc°v tkh\ \nIpXn \ne-hn¬h∂-tXmsS an° D¬∏-\-ß-fp-sSbpwhne Ipd-bp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]e-ta-J-e-bnepw AanX
P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-IƒthK-Øn-em-°-Ww
]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Poh-\-°m-cpsSBi-¶-Iƒ shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ t_m¿UnseHm^o-k¿amcpsS CS-bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Bi-¶-I-fp-sSbpw A\n-›n-X-Xz -Øns‚bpw Bghpw ]c∏pwt_m¿Uv A-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \ΩpsS ]N-c-W-߃°m-bn.
k¿∆okv C≥UIvkv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ka-hm-Iy-Øn¬ Nne-am-‰-߃ hcp-Øp-hm≥ t_m¿U-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-b-Xns\ kwL-S\ kzmK-Xw sNøp-I-bm-Wv. B ka-hm-Iy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏ v \Ωƒ D∂-bn-®n-cp∂Bi-¶-Iƒ°v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]cn-lmcw ImWm≥ ]pXnb CtIz-j\vBhpw F∂mWv ]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xv.h\nXm Poh-\-°m¿°v ]tXyI ]cn-KW \¬Ip-hm-\p≈ Xocp-am-\hpw,sUman-ssk-bn¬ tÃj-\n¬ tPmensNøp∂ Hm^o-k¿am¿°v 3 h¿j-tØ-°v Ah¿ tPmen sNøp∂ko‰n¬ s]m´IvSv sNbvXv \n¿Øp-hm-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw ]pXnb am\-Z-WvU-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈Xocp-am-\-sØbpw kwL-S\ kzmKXw
sNøp-I-bm-Wv.\Ωƒ Db¿Øn-°m-´nb Bi-¶-
I-fn¬ NneXv ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw ^vfmKnUv t]mÃp-I-fp-tS-X-S°w ]e-\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw kpXm-cy-a-√msX XpS-cp-∂Xv tJZI-c-am-Wv.G]n¬, sabv amktØmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠n-bn-cp∂ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv ¿\S-]-Sn -Iƒ CX sshIn-bn´pw]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm-\m-bn- n-√. Ign™P\-d¬ Sm≥kv -dn¬ hnXqc ÿe-ß-fn-tebv°v ÿew amdn-t∏mb Poh-\-°m¿°v P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn¬ sshIp-∂XvISpØ Bi-¶-Iƒ°v Imc-W-am-bn-´p-≠v. ]pXnb CtIz-j≥ D]-tbm-Kn®vk¿∆okv C≥UIvkv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Poh-\-°m¿°v do Hm]vj≥\¬Ip-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw FXbpws]´∂v D≠m-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. Poh-\-°m-cpsS Bi-¶fpw BIp-e-X-Ifpw]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v \oXn-]q¿∆hpwkpXm-cy-hp-amb P\-d¬ Sm≥kv ¿ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂Xn\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ t_m¿Uvamt\Pvsa‚ns‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂pwD≠m-I-Ww.
Nm¿÷v CuSm-°p∂ ]h-WXImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. GST h∂-tXmsS 80%DXv]-∂-߃°pw \nIpXn Ipd-™p.AXns‚ B\p-Iqeyw P\-߃°vIn´p∂ coXn-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ e-]-Z-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ka-tbm-Nn-X-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ X¬]-c-I-£n-I-fpsS hne-°-b‰w krjvSn°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-ambn F∂Xv]iw-k-\o-b-am-Wv.
G]n¬, sabv amktØmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-tI-≠n-bn-cp∂ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-IƒCX sshIn-bn´pw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm-\m-bn- n-√. Ign™ P\-d¬ Sm≥kv -dn¬
hnXqc ÿe-ß-fn-tebv°v ÿew amdn-t∏mb Poh-\-°m¿°v P\-d¬ Sm≥kv^¿ \S-]-Sn-IƒCu coXn-bn¬ sshIp-∂Xv ISpØ Bi-¶-Iƒ°v Imc-W-am-bn- p-≠v.
8 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
Pq¨ 30\v A¿-≤-cm-Xn-bn¬ N-c-°p tk-h-\ \n-Ip-Xn (Kp-Uv-kv B≥-Uv k¿-ho-kv Sm-Iv-kv- -Pn-F-kv-Sn) \n-e-hn¬-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ A-Xm-tLm-j-am-°m≥Xo-cp-am-\n-®n- p-≠v. 1954 ¬ ^m≥-kn-epw Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ Im-e-L- -Øn¬ tem-I-sØ hn-hn-[-cm-Py-ß-fn-epw -e-]-Z-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-°n-b \n-b-a-am-Wn-Xv.tem-I-Øv Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-∂ 152--m-a-Xv cm-Py-am-Wv C-¥y. Cu cm-Py-ß-
fn¬ _-ko¬, Im-\-U F-∂o cm-Py-ß-fn¬ am-X-am-Wv C-c- Pn-F-kv-Sn kw-hn-[m-\w \n-e-hn-ep-≈-Xv. Cu am-Xr-I-bm-Wv C-¥y-bpw kzo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv (tI-µ Pn-F-kv-Sn-bpw kw-ÿm-\ Pn-F-kv-Sn-bpw). C-¥y-bn¬ Cu hn-j-b-Øn¬ N¿-® Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv 1993 ¬ B-Wv. H-t -sd I-S-º-Iƒ ]n-∂n- v 2014Un-kw-_-dn¬ 122- mw -c-W-L-S-\m t -Z-K-Xn-bn-eq-sS C-¥y-bpw Pn-F-kv-Sn-°vh-gn Xp-d-∂p. "H-cp cm-Pyw H-tc-H-cp \n-Ip-Xn, cm-Py-am-sI H-‰-°-tºm-fw'˛ Cu\n-b-a-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-X-Xzw C-Xm-Wv. "B-tKm-f-h¬-°-c-W-Øn-s‚ a-s‰m-cp ap-J-am-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn' F-∂ hn-a¿-i-\w \n-e-hn-ep-≠v. Cu hn-a¿-i-\-Øn¬I-g-ºp-≠v. ]-Xo-£-I-fpw B-i-¶-I-fpwD-W¿-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv Cu \n-b-aw F-∂
Im-cy-Øn¬ X¿-°-an-√. F-∂m¬ C-Xn¬ \n-∂v am-dn-\n¬-°p-hm≥ I-gn-bp-∂ A-h-ÿ-bn-e-√ tI-c-fw Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ kw-ÿm-\-߃. cm-Py-Øn-\pwa-lm- q-cn-]-£w h-cp-∂ km-[m-c-W-°m-cm-b P-\-߃-°pw Cu \n-b-aw F-ß-s\ ]-tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw F-∂ Nn-¥-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww tI-µ-sØ-bpw kw-ÿm-\-ß-sf-bpw C-\n \-bn-t°-≠-Xv. -c-W-Iq-Sw- h-gn-sX-‰p-tºmƒ C-S-s]-Sm≥s]m-Xp-k-aq-lw D-W¿-∂n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬,C-¥y-bn¬ \n-c-h-[n \n-b-a-߃ ap≥-]v \-S-∏n-em-°n-b-t∏mƒ kw- -hn-®-Xp-t]m-se, Cu \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ ]-tbm-P-\-hpw C-¥y-bn-se h≥-In-S hym-]m-cn-Iƒ-°m-bn am-dpw. A-h¿-°v A-an-X-em-`w e- n-°m-hp-∂ h-Ip-∏p-Iƒ \n-b-a-Øn¬ [m-cm-f-am-Wv. Cu \n-b-aw, \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ h-gn-°v t]m-bm¬ t]m-c,\n-b-aw P-\-ß-f-p-sS h-gn-°v h-c-Ww F-∂p Np-cp-°w.
tZ-io-b- -kw-ÿm-\ X-e-ß-fn-em-bn1800 ¬ A-[n-Iw ]-tcm-£-\n-Ip-Xn-I-fm-Wv (1400 ¬ A-[n-Iw D¬-∏-∂-߃,400 ¬ A-[n-Iw tk-h-\-߃) \n-e-hn-ep-≈-Xv. C-h-bv-°p ]-I-c-am-bn h-cp-∂ G-Io-Ir-X-hpw kw-tbm-Pn-X-hp-am-b\n-Ip-Xn-bm-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn. H-cp \n-Ip-Xn, A-Xn-\p-]p-d-Øv a-s‰m-cp \n-Ip-Xn,
C-Xn-\p c-≠n-\pw ]p-d-sa aq-∂m-a-sXm-cp \n-Ip-Xn F-∂ A-h-ÿ ]p-Xn-b]-cn-jv-Im-c-tØm-sS C-√m-Xm-Ipw. C-t∏mƒ H-cp¬-∏-∂-Øn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\hn-e-bn≥-ta¬ F-Iv-ssk-kv Xo-cp-h-bp-≠v. A-Sn-ÿm-\ hn-e-bpw F-Iv-ssk-kv Xo-cp-h-bpw tN¿-∂p-≈ Xp-I-bn≥-ta¬ tI-µ hn¬-∏-\ \n-Ip-Xn-bp-≠v.C-sX-√mw tN¿-∂ hn-e-bn≥-ta¬ kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cn-\v aq-ey-h¿-[-\ \n-Ip-Xn (hm-eyp B-U-Uv Sm-Iv-kv- -hm-‰v),hn-t\m-Z-\n-Ip-Xn, ]-th-i-\ \n-Ip-Xn,]-c-ky-\n-Ip-Xn, ]¿-t®-kv \n-Ip-Xn, kw-ÿm-\ k¿-Nm¿-Pp-Iƒ, Nq-Xm- \n-Ip-Xn F-∂n-h-bpw G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hy-h-ÿ-bp-≠v. C-Xn-s\-√mw ]-I-c-am-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn F-∂ H-‰ \n-Ip-Xn h-cp-∂-Xv.D¬-∏-∂-ß-sf A-©m-bn Xn-cn-®v \n-Ip-Xn \n-›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. (1) 0 i-X-am-\w, (2) 5 i-X-am-\w (3) 12 i-X-am-\w(4) 18 i-X-am-\w (5) 28 i-X-am-\w. Hm-tcm D¬-∏-∂-Øn-\pw F-X i-X-am-\w\n-Ip-Xn F-∂v C-Xn-\-Iw \n-›-bn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v.
D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-\pw k¿-°m-cn-\pwhm-Wn-Py- -hy-h-km-b ta-J-e-bv-°pw \n-b-aw Kp-W-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂v H-‰-t\m-´-Øn¬ X-s∂ Im-Wm-\m-Ipw. Cu cw-K-Øv \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ \n-Ip-Xn tNm¿-
ka-Im-enIwkn B¿ tPm-kv-]-Im-iv
Pn-F-kv-Sn-bpwtI-c-f-Øn-s‚ `m-hn-bpw
9July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
® H-cp h-en-b A-f-hp-h-sc-X-S-bm-\m-hpw. \n-Ip-Xn _m-lp-eyw Ip-d-bpw. A-°u-≠n-Mv F-fp-∏-am-Ipw. k-¶o¿-W-XH-gn-hm-Ipw. sN-°v-t]m-Ãp-I-fn-se ]-cn-tim-[-\-bpw ]o-U-\-hpw H-gn-hm-Ipw. N-c-°p-\o-°w th-K-Øn-em-Ipw. kw-ÿm-\-߃ X-Ωn-ep-≈ a-’-c-hpw Ip-Sn-∏-I-bpw H-gn-hm-Ipw. ssI-°q-en-bpw am-^n-b-I-fp-sS C-S-s]-S-epw H-cp ]-cn-[nh-sc A-h-km-\n-°pw. \n-Ip-Xn I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv kp-Xm-cy-am-Ipw. cm-Py-am-sI H-‰-°-tºm-f-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ D¬-∏-∂w cm-Py-Øv F-hn-sS-\n-∂v hm-ßn-bm-epw hn-e-bn¬ Im-cy-am-b hy-Xym-kw D-≠m-In-√. \n-tXym-]-tbm-K km-[-\-ß-fm-b A-cn, D-∏v, tKm-X-ºv, ]m¬,]-gw, ]-®-°-dn, ap- , a-’yw, amw-kwC-Xn-s\m-∂pw \n-Ip-Xn-bp-≠m-In-√. Po-h≥-c-£m a-cp-∂p-I-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn A-©v i-X-am-\-am-bn Ip-d-bpw. \n-Ip-Xn"0' i-X-am-\w B-bn \n-›-bn-°p-I-tbmA-©v i-X-am-\w B-bn \n-›-bn-°p-I-tbm sN-bv-X-Xn-\m¬ an-° \n-tXym-]-tbm-K km-[-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw hn-e-bn¬Ip-d-hp-≠m-Ipw. C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv D¬-∏-∂-߃-°pw \n-Ip-Xn Ip-d-bpw. X-t±-i ÿm-]-\-߃ Pq-sse H-∂v ap-X¬hn-t\m-Z-\n-Ip-Xn ]n-cn-hv A-h-km-\n-∏n-°pw. (C-Xp-h-gn D-≠m-Ip-∂ \-jv-Sw kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m¿ \n-I-Øpw). B-sID¬-∏-∂-ß-fn¬ 82 i-X-am-\-Øn-\v "0'ap-X¬ 18 i-X-am-\w h-sc-bm-bn \n-Ip-Xn ]-cn-an-X-s∏-Spw. tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\k¿-°m-cp-I-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn h-cp-am-\-Øn¬ 15 ap-X¬ 20 i-X-am-\w h-sch¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ipw. tI-µ-hpw kw-ÿm-\-hpw Pn.F-kv.-Sn- h-cp-am-\w Xp-ey-am-bn ]-¶p-h-bv-°pw. 500, 1000 cq-]-bp-sSt\m- p-Iƒ a-c-hn-∏n-®-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v cm-Py-Øn-s‚ h-f¿-®-\n-c-°n¬ h-en-b Ip-d-hp-≠m-bn. (6.1 %) Pn-F-kv-Sn, \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ h-f¿-®-\n-c-°n¬ h¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£. k¿-°m¿ ÿm-]-\-߃, s]m-Xp-ta-J-emÿm-]-\-߃ Xp-S-ßn 83 ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-sS k¿-ho-kn-\v Pn-F-kv-Sn-bn¬ \n-∂pw C-f-hp \¬-In-bn- p-≠v. C-Xn-s‚en-Ãv C-Xn-\-Iw ssk-‰n¬ ]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. Cu \n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-Ip-tºmƒ \n-Ip-Xn hy-h-ÿ-bv-°v ]p-d-Øp ]-h¿-Øn-®n-cp-∂ k-am-¥-c k-º-Zv-hy-h-ÿ A-kv-X-an-°m-\m-Wv km-
[y-X.C-\n Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-aw tI-c-f-Øn-
\v G-sX-√mw hn-[-Øn¬ ]-tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂v ]-cn-tim-[n-°mw. 50,000cq-]-bn¬ Iq-Sp-X¬ hn-e-bp-≈ km-[-\-߃ a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂psIm-≠p-h-cp-∂ h¿ _n¬ I-cp-X-Ww.kzm- m-hn-I-am-bpw a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂p-≈ D¬-∏-∂-ß-fp-sS h-c-hp\n-e-bv-°pw. a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ km-[-\-ß-fn¬ ( -£y-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ,Xp-Wn-Ø-c-߃, C-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv-kvkm-[-\-߃, B-Uw-_-c h-kv-Xp-°ƒDƒ-s∏-sS). 70- 80 i-X-am-\-hpw a-‰p kw-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n-∂pw h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.C-Xn-s‚ t\- w _-‘-s∏- kw-ÿm-\-߃-°m-Wv e- n-°p-∂-Xv. Hm -sse-\n-eq-sS D¬-∏-∂-߃ hm-߬ a-e-bm-fn-I-fn¬ \mƒ-°p-\mƒ i-‡n-s∏-´p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. tIm-Sn-I-fp-sS h-cp-am-\\-jv-S-am-Wv C-hn-sS tI-c-f-Øn-\p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-e-hn¬ h-cp-
tºmƒ Cu ÿn-Xn-°v A-Sn-ap-Sn am-‰wkw- -hn-°pw. C-¥y-bn¬ F-hn-sS-\n-∂vkm-[-\w hm-ßn-bm-epw _n-√n¬ tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ hn-em-kw \¬-In-bm¬, A-Xn-s‚ hn-hn-[ L- -ß-fn¬ k-am-l-cn-® \n-Ip-Xn tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ J-P-\m-hn¬F-Øpw. C-Xn-eq-sS tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ \n-Ip-Xn-h-cp-am-\-Øn¬ 20- 22 i-X-am-\wh¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ipw F-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£.C-∂-sØ km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ C-Xv tI-c-f-Øn-\v ]-I¿-∂p \¬-Ip-∂ B-izm-kwsN-dp-X-√. C-Xp-h-sc tI-µ-Øn-\m-bn-cp-∂ tk-h-\-ß-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn C-\nkw-ÿm-\-Øn-\pw In- pw F-∂-Xpw B-izm-k-I-c-am-Wv. sN-°v-t]m-Ãp-I-fn-sehm-l-\ ]-cn-tim-[-\-bpw K-Xm-K-X-Ip-cp-°pw H-gn-hm-Ipw. H-cp-hn- m-Kw hym-]m-cn-Iƒ \-S-Øp-∂ \n-Ip-Xn sh- n-∏n¬h-en-b X-I¿-®-bp-≠m-Ipw. A-gn-a-Xn-bn¬ Im-cy-am-b Ip-d-hp-≠m-Ipw. \n-Ip-Xn-bp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬ kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ X-Ωn-ep-≈ X¿-°w A-h-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv G-‰-hpw ]-tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Ip-∂-Xv tI-c-f-Øn-\p X-s∂-bm-Wv.Pn.-F-kv.Sn \-S-∏n-em-Ip-tºmƒ 14 i-X-am-\w h-f¿-® tI-µw D-d-∏p-\¬-In-bn-´p-≠v. C-Xn¬ Ip-d-hp-≠m-bm¬ B Xp-I \-jv-S-]-cn-lm-c-am-bn, tI-µw kw-ÿm-\-Øn-\p \¬-Ipw. Im-cy-߃ ]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-hn-[w ap-t∂m- p t]m-bm¬I-a-k-am-[m-\-cw-K-Øp t]m-epw Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°¬ Kp-W-I-c-am-b am-‰w kr-jv-Sn-°pw.
t\-´-߃ F-Æn-sb-Æn ]-d-bp-tºm-gpw Pn-F-kv-Sn-bp-sS `m-hn F-ß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v C-t∏mƒ ]-d-bp-
D-]-t`m-‡m-hn-\pwk¿-°m-cn-\pw hm-Wn-Py-˛-hy-h-km-b ta-J-e-bv-°pw\n-b-aw Kp-W-I-c-am-Ip-sa-∂v H-‰-t\m- -Øn¬ X-s∂Im-Wm-\m-Ipw.Cu cw-K-Øv \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂ \n-Ip-Xn tNm¿-®H-cp h-en-b A-f-hp-h-sc-X-S-bm-\m-hpw.
10 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
I km-[y-a-√. tI-µ k¿-°m¿ Zp-jv-S-em-t°m-sS \o-ßn-bm¬ H-t∂m A-Xn-e-[n-I-tam kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS km-º-Øn-I \n-e-sb Pn-F-kv-Sn D-]-tbm-Kn-®v X-I¿-°m-\m-Ipw. Cu \n-b-a-Øn-eq-sS kw-ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn kzm-X-¥yw \-jv-S-am-Ip-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wn-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww. a-s‰m-cp Im-cyw, tI-µk¿-°m¿ Pm-K-X-Im- n-bn-s√-¶n¬ \n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ D-≠m-Ip-∂ Ip-d-hv, D-]-t`m-‡m-°-fn¬ F-Øm-sX tIm¿-∏-td-‰v i-‡n-I-fn¬ tI-µo-I-cn-°m-\p-≈ km-[y-X- i-‡-am-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv. H-cp h¿-jw H-∂-c-e-£w tIm-Sn cq-]-h-sc Cß-s\ Ip-Ø-I-I-fp-sS ssI-bn¬ F-Ømw. Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-a-Øn-se 171- mwh-Ip-∏p ]-Im-cw, A-an-X-em- w Cu-Sm-°p-∂-Xv X-S-bp-∂-Xn-\p-≈ N- -߃kr-jv-Sn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F-∂m¬ A-Xn-\n-bpw D-≠m-bn- n-√. ]m-h-s∏- -h-sc t\-cn- p _m-[n-°n-√-sb-¶n-epw Nn-e D¬-∏-∂-ß-fp-sS \n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ h¿-[-\-hp-≠m-Ipw F-∂-Xpw h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv. tI-µ-k¿-°m-cpw kw-ÿm-\-ß-fpw X-Ωn¬ \-S-∂ N¿-®-bn¬ Cu \n-b-a-sØ kw-ÿm-\-߃-°v Kp-W-I-c-am-°n am-‰p-∂-Xn¬ tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ [-\-a-¥n tUm. tXm-a-kv sF-k-Iv h-en-b]-¶m-Wv h-ln-®-Xv. A-Xn-s‚ ]-tbm-P-\w tI-c-f-Øn-\v ]-tXy-I-am-bn e- n-°pw. A-\y-kw-ÿm-\ tem- -dn hn¬-∏-\-bv-°v 28 i-X-am-\w \n-Ip-Xn \n-›-bn-®-Xv H-cp-Zm-l-c-Ww am-Xw. Cu hn-j-b-Øn¬ ]m¿-e-sa‚pw \n-c-h-[n \n-b-a-k- -I-fpw _n¬ ]m-km-°n-sb-¶n-epw tI-c-f \n-b-a-k- _n¬ ]m-km-°n-bn- n-√. H-t -sd-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ G-Xm-\pw Zn-h-k-߃-°v ap≥-]p-am-X-am-Wvhy-‡-X ssI-h-∂-Xv F-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wn-Xv F-∂m-Wv [-\-a-¥n ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.GXm-bm-epw K-h¿-W¿ H-∏n- Hm¿-Un-\≥-kv \n-e-hn¬ h-∂-Xn-\m¬ tI-c-f-hpw Pn-F-kv-Sn-bn¬ ]-¶m-fn-bm-bn I-gn-™p. Cu \n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ X-øm-sd-Sp-∏n¬ N-Wv-Un-K-Uv,B-‘, a-lm-cm-jv-S F-∂o kw-ÿm-\-߃ I-gn-™m¬ \memw ÿm-\wtI-c-f-Øn-\m-Wv.
s]-tSmƒ, Uo-k¬, a-Zyw, ]m-N-I-Kym-kv, Ãm-ºv-Syq- n, c-Pn-kv-tS-j≥F-∂n-h-sb Pn-F-kv-Sn-bn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- n-√. hn-Zym- ym-k sk-kv, tdm-
Uv sk-kv F-∂n-h Xp-S-cpw. tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ, \n-Ip-Xn ]n-cn-hn-\p-≈ ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw H-cp-an-®ptN¿-Øm-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn-°v cq-]w \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C-Xp-]-Im-cw tk-h-\-ß-sf hn-hn-[ tk-h-\ tIm-Up-I-fn-em-Wv X-cw Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H-tc-k-a-b-Øv tI-µ- -kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-IƒD¬-∏-∂-߃-°pw tk-h-\-߃-°pw\n-Ip-Xn Np-a-Øpw. A-h G-sXm-s°-sb-∂v \n-›-bn-®p-I-gn-™n- p-≠v. tI-µ Pn-F-kv-Sn tI-µ-hpw kw-ÿm-\ Pn-F-kv-Sn kw-ÿm-\-ß-fpw Np-a-Øp-I-bpw A-Xv ]n-cn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw.A-¥¿ kw-ÿm-\ \n-Ip-Xn-Iƒ Ir-Xy-am-bn Np-a-Øm-\pw ]n-cn-°m-\pw kw-tbm-Pn-X (C‚-tK-‰-Uv) Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-
k-hpw 20\v ap≥-]v, ap≥-am-k-sØ \n-Ip-Xn A-S-®n-cn-°-Ww. km-[m-c-W c-Pn-kv-tS-j-\p-≈-h¿ am-kw tXm-dpw dn-t´¨ -b¬ sN-ø-Ww. C-Xn¬ ho-gv-N h-cp-Øp-∂-h¿ Zn-h-kw 100 cq-] ho-Xw ]n-g A-S-bv-°-Ww. hym-]m-cn-Iƒ-°v ]-cm-Xn-bp-s≠-¶n¬ A-Xv Hm -sse-\m-bn k-a¿-∏n-°-Ww. A-Xn≥-ta¬ \n-›n-X k-a-b-Øp-X-s∂ Xo-cp-am-\w D-≠m-Ipw. I-ºyq- ¿ irw-J-e-bn-eq-sS cq-]w sIm-≈p-∂ h-kv-Xp-X-I-fpw I-W-°p-I-fpw _-‘-s∏- k¿-°m-cn-\pw hym-]m-cn-°pw D¬-∏m-Z-I-\pw e-`n-°p-∂ I-ao-I-c-Ww Ip-‰-a-‰-co-Xn-bn¬D-d-∏m-°p-I ]-[m-\-s∏- kw-K-Xn-bm-Wv. H-∂n-e-[n-Iw kw-cw- -ß-fp-≈ H-cp hy-‡n H-∂n-e-[n-Iw c-Pn-kv-tS-j≥
e-hn¬ h-cpw. F-√m \n-Ip-Xn-I-fpwHm -sse-\n-eq-sS am-X-ta A-S-bv-°m-\m-hq. \n-Ip-Xn sh- n-∏v X-S-bm-\m-bnC-e-Iv-tSm-Wn-Iv kw-hn-[m-\w D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øpw. C-Xm-Wv C- -th- -_n¬kw-hn-[m-\w. hm¿-jn-I hn-‰p-h-c-hv 20e-£-Øn¬ Iq-Sp-X-ep-≈ hym-]m-cn-IƒCu \n-b-a-]-Im-cw c-Pn-ÿ sN-ø-Ww.
C-¥y-bn¬ Pn-F-kv-Sn irw-J-e-bn¬85 e-£w t]¿ D-≠m-hpw F-∂p I-W-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-h-sc-√mw \n-Ip-Xn A-S-bv-°-Ww. A-Xn¬ 2.11 e-£wt]¿ tI-c-f-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. tI-c-f-Øn¬ \n-∂v Cu \n-b-a-]-Im-cw c-Pn-ÿ sN-tø-≠-h-cn¬ 1.94e-£w hym-]m-cn-Iƒ C-Xn-\-Iw c-Pn-ÿ sN-bv-Xp-I-gn-™p. c-Pn-kv-tS-j≥Dƒ-s∏-sS F-√m Im-cy-ß-fpw Hm -sse-\n¬ th-Ww sN-øm≥. F-√m am-
F-Sp-Øm¬ A-h Hm-tcm-∂pw ]-tXy-Iw ]-tXy-I-am-bn I-W-°m-°pw. C-hX-Ωn-ep-≈ C-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ-°pw \n-Ip-Xn_m-[-I-am-Wv.
Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-aw -e-]-Z-am-bn \-S-∏n-em-bn-°-gn-™m¬ `m-hn-bn¬ \n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ Ip-d-hp h-cp-Øm-\m-Ipw. a-‰p cm-Py-ß-fp-sS A-\p- -hw A-Xm-Wv.bq-tdm-]y≥ bq-Wn-b-\n-epw \yq-kn-em‚n-epw Pn. F-kv. ‰n 15 i-X-am-\wB-sW-¶n¬ ssN-\-bn¬ G-gv i-X-am-\-hpw P-∏m-\n-epw Im-\-U-bn-epw A-©v i-X-am-\-hp-am-Wv. k-¶o¿-W-ß-fm-b H-t -sd hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Cu \n-b-a-Øn-ep-≠v. Pn-F-kv-Sn \n-b-aw, A-Xn-se \n-_-‘-\-Iƒ, \-S-]-Sn-I-a-߃,C- -th _n¬ kw-hn-[m-\w C-h B-g-Øn¬ a-\-kn-em-°p-I F-fp-∏-a-√. A-Xn-\v k-a-b-sa-Sp-°pw. C-\n-bpw H-t -
11July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
sd Im-cy-ß-fn¬ tI-µ k¿-°m-cpw kw-ÿm-\ k¿-°m-cp-I-fpw X-Ωn¬ [m-c-W D-≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. N- -߃ D-≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. kw-ÿm-\-߃ X-Ωn-ep-≈ X¿-° hn-j-b-ß-fpw _m-°n-bm-Wv. F-¶n-epw A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂ ]-iv-\-ß-fpw \n-b-aw \-S-∏n-em-°n Xp-S-ßp-tºmƒ D-b¿-∂p-h-cp-∂ ]-iv-\-ß-fpwA-h-[m-\-X-tbm-sS ssI-Im-cyw sN-øm≥ k¿-°m-cp-Iƒ-°v (Pn-F-kv-SnIu -kn-en-\v) I-gn-bpw F-∂ hn-izm-k-am-Wv s]m-Xp-sh D-≈-Xv.
tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ k-º-Zv-L-S-\-bv-°v Pn-F-kv-Sn H-cp Xm-ßm-hpw F-∂ ]-Xo-£-bm-Wp-≈-Xv F-∂v t\-c-sØ ]-d-™p. F-∂m¬ A-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Xwkp-c-£n-X-am-Ip-∂ H-cp k-º-Zv-L-S-\-b-√ \-ap-°p-≈-Xv. 2017 Pq¨ H-∂n-se I-W-°p-]-Im-cw 1,83,310 tIm-Sncq-]-bm-Wv tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ s]m-Xp-I-Sw.2016- 17 se s]m-Xp-I-S-Øn-\v H-cp h¿-jw 13, 631 tIm-Sn cq-] ]-en-i \¬-I-Ww. am-X-hp-a-√ s]m-Xp-I-S-Øn-s‚47.41 i-X-am-\w 2023 \v ap-ºv Xn-cn-®-S-bv-°p-I-bpw th-Ww. \-S-∏p km-º-Øn-I h¿-j-sØ B-sI h-cp-am-\w 93,584tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-sW-¶n¬ sN-e-hv 1,09,627tIm-Sn-bm-Wv. I-Ωn 16047 F-∂m-Wv _-P-‰n¬ ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv F-¶n-epw C-Xv 23,140 tIm-Sn-bm-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv dn-k¿-hv _m-¶v I-W-°p Iq- p-∂-Xv. 1956 ap-X¬ 2011 h-sc-bp-≈ 55 h¿-jw-sIm-≠v tI-c-f-Øn-\p-≠m-b B-sI I-Sw78,673 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F-∂m¬Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ A-©v h¿-jw sIm-≠v I-Sw 1,67,302 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-bn D-b¿-∂p.55 h¿-jw sIm-≠p-≠m-b I-S-Øn-s‚C-c- n-bn-e-[n-Iw I-Sw I-gn-™ bp-Un-F- v k¿-°m¿ A-©v h¿-jw-sIm-≠vh-cp-Øn-h-®p. \n-b-¥-W-an-√m-sX I-Sw hm-ßn-b-Xp-sIm-≠p am-X-a-√ I-Sws]-cp-In-b-Xv., \n-Ip-Xn ]n-cn-hn-se A-\m-ÿ-bpw A-gn-a-Xn-bpw A-tXm-sSm-∏w tN¿-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv h-kv-Xp-X.
Kp-cp-X-c-am-b km-º-Øn-I X-I¿-®-bn¬ tI-c-fw F-Øn-\n-∂ L- -Øn-em-Wv F¬-Un-F- v A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬h-∂-Xv. Xp-S-°-Øn¬-X-s∂ \n-Ip-Xn]n-cn-hv Du¿-Pn-X-am-°m-\pw tI-c-f _m-¶v cq-]o-I-cn-°m-\pw "In- v-_n' F-∂\q-X-\-]-≤-Xn B-hn-jv-I-cn-°m-\pw \-S-]-Sn kzo-I-cn-®p. F-∂m¬ C-Sn-Øo-
t]m-se ho-W- t\m- p-a-c-hn-∏n-°¬ F-√m ]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw Xm-fw sX-‰n-®p. hn¬-∏-\ \n-Ip-Xn, Ãm-ºv Uyq-´n, hm-l-\ \n-Ip-Xn Xp-S-ßn F-√m-Øn-epw Ip-d-hp-≠m-bn. C-t∏mƒ Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ho-≠pw sN-dn-b ]p-tcm-K-Xn h-∂p Xp-S-ßn-bn- p-s≠-∂p am-Xw.]-s£ I-S-s°-Wn-bn¬ \n-∂p-≈ tam-N-\w A-I-se-bm-Wv. I-gn-™ am-k-hpw 1000 tIm-Sn cq-] s]m-Xp-am¿-°-‰n¬ \n-∂v k¿-°m-cn-\v hm-bv-] F-Sp-t°-≠n-h-∂p.
2017- 18 ¬ tI-c-f-Øn-\v hn¬-∏-\-\n-Ip-Xn-bn-eq-sS 42,187 tIm-Sn cq-] k-am-l-cn-°m-\m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ C-Xn¬ 20- 22 i-X-am-\-Øn-s‚ h¿-≤-\-hp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£. A-ß-s\-sb-¶n¬ hn¬-∏-\ \n-Ip-Xn-bn-eq-sS50,000 tIm-Sn cq-]-bn-e-[n-Iw h-cp-am-\-ap-≠m-Ipw. A-tXm-sSm-∏w tI-µ-hn-ln-X-Øn-epw h¿-[-\-hp-≠m-h-Ww. tI-µk¿-°m¿ Cu km-º-Øn-I h¿-jwB-sI sN-e-h-gn-°p-∂-Xv 21.47 e-£wtIm-Sn cq-]-bm-Wv. A-Xn-s‚ 24 i-X-am-\w kw-ÿm-\-߃-°v In- pw. C-Xn¬
tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ hn-ln-Xw 16,891 tIm-Sncq-]-bm-Wv. C≥-Iw-Sm-Iv-kn-eq-sS tI-µwh≥ h¿-[-\-bm-Wv ]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv.10 i-X-am-\w P-\-ß-sf C-Xn-s‚ ]-cn-[n-bn¬ sIm-≠p-h-cp-sa-∂v ]-[m-\-a-¥n-X-s∂ ]-Jym-]n-®p I-gn-™p. tem-I am¿-°-‰n¬ s]-tSm-fn-bw D¬-∏-∂-ß-fp-sS hn-e Ip-d-bp-∂-Xpw C-¥y-bn¬F-Æ D¬-∏-∂-ß-fn≥-ta-ep-≈ \n-Ip-Xn D-b¿-Øp-∂-Xpw h-cp-am-\-h¿-[-\-hn-\v Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. C-Xn-\p-]p-d-sa-bm-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒe- n-°p-∂ A-[n-I h-cp-am-\w. C-¥y≥F-b¿-sse≥-kv Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ s]m-Xp-ta-J-em ÿm-]-\-߃ H-s∂m-∂m-bn hn-‰-gn-°p-I-bm-Wv. C-Xpw tI-µ h-cp-am-\w h¿-[n-∏n-°pw. Cu h-gn-I-fn-eq-sS-sb-√mw \m-ep e-£w tIm-Sn cp-]-bp-sS A-[n-I-h-cp-am-\-am-Wv tI-µwe-£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-s‚ hn-ln-Xw Iq-Sn kw-ÿm-\-߃-°v \¬-Ip-hm≥ tI-µ-Øn-\v _m-[y-X-bp-≠v. A-ß-s\-sb-¶n¬ 4500 tIm-Sn cq-] Iq-Sn tI-c-f-Øn-\v e- n-°pw.
tIm¿-∏-td-‰v i-‡n-Iƒ-°v h-en-bkzm-[o-\-am-Wv tI-µ k¿-°m-cn-ep-≈-Xv. t\- -ß-fp-sS s]-cp-º-d ap-g-°n--h-cp-∂ ]-e \n-b-a-ß-fpw km-[m-c-W-°m¿-°v Kp-W-I-c-am-bn am-dm-dn-√ F-∂-Xm-Wv A-\p- -hw. Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ P-\-߃ Pm-K-X Im- -Ww F-∂v B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xv A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v Pn-F-kv-Sn L-S-\ ]-Im-cw km-[-\-ß-fp-sS ]-c-am-h-[n hn-e-bn-t∑¬ (Fw-B¿-]n)tI-µ k¿-°m-cn-\v \n-b-¥-Ww G¿-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Ipw. A-ß-s\ hn-e \n-b-¥n-°m-\m-Ipw. ]-t£ tI-µ k¿-°m¿ C-°m-cy-Øn¬ Pm-K-X-tbm-sS ]-h¿-Øn-°pw F-∂v D-d-∏n-√. A-hn-sS-bm-Wv P-\-Io-b C-S-s]-S¬ ]-k-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. C-¥y-bn-se 15 kw-ÿm-\-߃ `m-hn-bn-epw H-cp-an-®p \n-∂m¬,tZm-l-I-c-am-b \o-°w tI-µ-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≠m-bm¬ t]m-epw A-Xn-s\ sN-dp-Øp tXm-ev-]n-°m-\m-Ipw. C-°m-cy-Øn¬ tI-c-f k¿-°m¿ Im- p-∂ Pm-K-X-sb sN-dp-Xm-bn I-≠p-Iq-S. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ P-\-߃-°v Xm-ßm-Ip-∂, tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ k-º-Zv-L-S-\-bv-°vXm-ßm-Ip-∂ H-∂m-bn Pn-F-kv-Sn am-dp-sa-∂v ]-Xo-£n-°mw.n
2017- 18 ¬ tI-c-f-Øn-\vhn¬-∏-\-\n-Ip-Xn-bn-eq-sS
42,187 tIm-Sn cq-] k-am-l-cn-°m-\m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S-∏n-em-
°p-tºmƒ C-Xn¬ 20- 22i-X-am-\-Øn-s‚ h¿-≤-\-hp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv ]-Xo-£.
12 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
TRAIC based (dimmer or stepless type)regulator
A general circuit diagram of electronic TRIAC
based fan regulator is shown in the figure below.
motor to heat up and produce a
humming noise. Also, active
devices such as DIAC and
TRIAC being susceptible to
power supply transients, these
regulators have high failure rate.
Capacitive type (stepped)regulator
In a capacitive type fan
regulator, various combinations
of capacitors is used to control
the speed of the fan. Following
is the basic block diagram of a
capacitive type fan regulator.
The basic principle – voltage
across a capacitor is given as
Vc= Q/C where Q is the charge
and C is the capacitance.
According to this formula C ? 1/
Vc (or voltage across capacitor
is inversely proportional to the
capacitance). Hence, if
capacitance is increased then the
voltage across the capacitor
decreases allowing more voltage
across the fan motor. Hence, if
capacitance is increased, speed
of the fan motor also increases.
Capacitance is increased or
TECH
Fan Regulators andEnergy Savings
Resistor R1 is a variable resistor
(potentiometer) which is attached to a knob. This
knob controls the gate current of the TRIAC,
through a circuit consisting of a DIAC and a
capacitor (called as firing circuit). This gate
current controls the current flowing through the
TRIAC, consequently controlling the power fed to
the motor of the fan. Thus, the speed of the motor
(fan) is controlled.
This type of regulator offers stepless speed
control. They are expensive than resistive type
regulators. One main drawback of this type of
regulator is harmonic distortion, which causes fan
13July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
decreased in a capacitive type regulator by
connecting capacitors in different configurations.
For example, consider a regulator that consists 3
capacitors of 1 µF, 2.2 µF and 3.1 µF. When the
knob position is at 1, then only 2.2 µF capacitor
gets connected into the circuit. For knob position
2, only 3.1 µF capacitor gets connected. For knob
position 3, capacitors of 3.1 µF and 1 µF in parallel
configuration is connected so that equivalent
capacitance becomes 3.1+1=4.1 µF. For position
4, parallel configuration of 3.1 µF and 2.2 µF is
connected. And for the maximum speed, no
capacitor is connected in the circuit.
I don't know about all, but at least some of
these home and office devices operate using a
small PWM (pulse width modulation) controller.
When you turn a knob to adjust the speed, it
adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM wave [1].
with the fan. When we move the knob different
amount of resistance gets inserted in the circuit.
Although cheap the biggest problem with such a
regulator is that a considerable amount of energy
is lost in form of heat through the resistance. When
the fan is operating at low speed the power loss is
significant.
The technologically superior electronic
regulators overcome these problems by using
electronic components to control the speed of the
fan.
Some of the advantages of electronic fan
regulators are:
1. They provide a continuous speed control.
2. Power saving at all the speeds.
3. Smaller size and weight.
The heart of the electronic fan regulator is
TRIAC. TRIAC is a semiconductor device
belonging to the family of thyristors.
The most common household fan that comes
to mind has a 3 setting control dial and a shaded
pole motor. The dial can be set to OFF, LOW, or
HIGH. When the dial is HIGH, the motor is allowed
full line voltage, so it hits its max speed. In the
LOW setting a resistor is placed in series with the
motor. The resistor reduces the overall voltage
going to the fan which slows it down. The fan will
consume less power in the LOW setting than in
the HIGH setting.
Interestingly, almost all cheap office fans with
control dials like this have the HIGH setting as the
first option after OFF. This is so the fan will have
the most power possible when first turning on to
overcome the resistance of the stationary fan
blades.
As fan inherits the single phase induction
motor, so from the torque equation of a single
phase induction motor we observed that net torque
produced is proportional to the applied voltage so
the torque or the speed of a fan can be controlled
by varying the applied voltage.
The synchronous speed also depends on the
frequency and the no. Of poles used for induction
motor therefore we can also vary the speed of
fan by varying the no. Of poles and by varying
the frequency.
For the domestic purpose the frequency and
the poles cannot be changed therefore we
generally use a method of varying voltage.
The voltage of the single phase induction motor
can be varied by using a resistor in series with
the winding. When the resistance is zero then
motor will run at its full speed. When some
resistance is applied then lesser current is passed
through winding due to which motor start running
at low speed because of the voltage drop across
the winding, more and more resistance is supplied
lesser the speed of motor will be.
This method is not suitably used now a days
because of the heating problem of motors and
• For low speed, the power waveform going to
the fan would look like the top picture.
• For medium speed, the power waveform would
look like the middle picture.
• For high speed, the power waveform would
look like the the bottom picture.
The basic idea is that for higher speed
operation, you apply full power for a longer period
of time. The fan motor gets power in short bursts,
but since the PWM wave is so fast (usually going
up and down about 100-10,000 times a second or
more) we don't notice it and it seems like
continuous operation.
Note that this only applies for some low cost,
low end devices that you may pick up for desk or
something similar. This is not how other motor
controllers work; as the PWM wave must be
filtered, stepped up through a series of solid state
devices, it may be a sinusoid... etc.
Fan regulators have an important place in the
electrical switch boards. Fan regulators are very
similar to light dimmers.Their function is to
regulate/control the speed of the fan and provide
a convenient environment for the residents.
The traditional regulators which are bulky use
a resistance having taps and connected in series
14 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
the other problem is that if we
supplied the undervoltage than
its rated voltage then motor will
get damage so this method is
avoided now.
The regulator called electronic
regulator is used, this modern
technology uses a TRIAC( triode
in ac) which supply the chopped
ac waveform due to which speed
can be controlled.
More generally the torque of
an electric motor used to drive
such fans is dependent on the
applied voltage. Thus varying the
voltage to the motor will vary the
torque and hence the speed of
the fan, as motor torque must
equal the torque produced by the
resistance or air friction on the
fan blades.
As one varies the voltage the
speed will vary according to the
load characteristic of the fan.
The manner in which the
voltage may varied is varied as
set out below, but generally is
very low cost household fans it
is simply a series inductor with
fixed tapping such 1,2,3. Better
control may be obtained using
some form of power electronic
controller already described by
others.
Consider the regulator as an
equivalent of a water-tap. When
you turn on the tap the water
begins to flow slowly. If you turn
it on further, the water flow
increases. If you turn it on all the
way , then water flows at a
maximum speed. Thus you
control the flow of the water by
turning the tap at various levels.
Regulators work in a similar
manner. You turn on the regulator
and at each level- the speed of
the fan increases. Now what
causes the fan to rotate faster?.
The current flowing through the
motor which is connected to the
fan, right?. Thus we can safely
say that a regulator controls the
flow of the current.
Above figure shows a simple
circuit of a regulator.
Here:
M1= Motor which is connected
to the fan. This is powered by a
220V AC supply.
R1= Resistor whose value is
500 k Ohm. Its a variable resistor
whose resistance can be
controlled when we turn the knob
of the regulator.
D1= TRIAC which is a
semiconductor device . This is
directly used to control the speed
by arresting/ releasing the
current flow to the motor.
When we turn on the
regulator we will control the
resistance which in turn controls
the flow of the current to the
TRIAC and in turn controls the
speed of the motor. A lower
speed means higher resistance.
When the resistance is higher,
lower current flows. When lower
current flows via the diode, it
translates to lower speed of the
motor, thus the fan rotates
slowly.
As we turn the regulator
further we are decreasing the
resistance of R1, which in turn
increases the current to the diode
and results in higher speed.
There are 3 types of
regulators available in the
market today: Electric Regulator,
Step Type Electronic Regulator
and Movable Electronic
Regulator. All 3 have different
ways of controlling the fan speed
and thus the efficiency with which
they manage electricity
consumption differs. From price
perspective Electric regulator is
the cheapest, but of all three it
is the most inefficient regulator.
Regulator is like brakes on
an electrical bicycle. Pulling the
brakes is akin to setting
regulator very low setting (like
1 or 2) leaving the brakes is like
setting regutor on full (5).
The resulting speed of the
wheel is the speed of the fan.
More analogy - like a tap and
water - works on the same
principle . Water here is current
and tap is regulator. Full on is full
current means full speed fan.
That depends.
If the fan has a DC motor,
then the PWM technique is used
as mentioned before.
In case the fan has a AC
motor (most probably) then you
control the velocity of the motor
by changing the frequency of the
line.
To change the frequency, you
use a non linear device called
"TRIAC". The method is normally
known as "controlling the angle".
Fans a motor and hence to
regulate its speed we just have
to regulate speed of motor
Thus speed of motor can be
adjusted using armature control
method or field control method
Armature control method to
get above rated speeds and
armature control method for
below rated speeds hence we
use armature control method
which by connecting a rheostat
series to armature regulating
supply to armature by controlling
drop across rheostat ie just
regulating supply voltage to fan
Even power electronic interface
speed regulators are available
which are loss free but causes
non linear loading.
(to be continued)
15July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
U se of electricity is so
widespread that there may be
hardly anyone who has not
experienced a slight electric
shock at one time or other.
Voltages (of a circuit) cause
currents to pass through any
resistance. The resistance of the
human body at best is of the
order of 9000 ohms and at the
worst is 500 ohms. A major part
of the resistance is due to the
skin. The internal resistance of
the body varies from 200 to 800
TECH
ElectricityParametersrelated to Safety
ohms. So, when the skin is wet
and when perspiring freely, the
body resistance is at its worst.
The values of various
resistances given above are for
230 volts A.C. of 50 HZ
frequency. This is the frequency
used in houses, commercial
premises, Hotels etc., in India.
The body resistance varies
inversely with the voltage. That
means, at lower voltages the
body resistance is very high and
at higher voltage it goes on
reducing. Since current through
the body will depend on body
resistance and applied voltage,
at lower voltage as body
resistance is high, the magnitude
of current will be lower and so
is the shock effect.
In shocks from AC currents
of normal power frequency, the
shock current is sinusoidal with
frequency of 50 Hz. The
frequency of heart beat is also
in this range. The AC shock
current frequency disturbs the
frequency of heart signals. Also,
Direct Current, normally known
as D.C. is four times safer than
A.C. That is body resistance is
four times more then what is
mentioned earlier when D.C is
used instead of A.C. In India,
Calcutta is the only city where
D.C. is still used in some areas.
In Calcutta, if you ask a washer
man whether he likes A.C. or
D.C. iron he will invariable say
D.C. If you ask him for the
reason, he will say that A.C.
catches you in case of shock
where as D.C. gives only a mild
shock.
16 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
Effect of CurrentAs mentioned earlier the current passing
through the body causes all the damage. Of
course, time duration is also important. The third
element is the path of the current through the
body. If the path involves the heart, the damage
is more. If the path is through the left hand to
earth, the heart will invariably get involved.
Before considering the effect of the magnitude
of current on the human body, certain
fundamentals regarding voltage and current need
to be cleared by a simple example
Example
Normal voltage 230 volts AC
Resistance due to
footwear and body 69000 ohms. = Voltage
resistance. Say Resistance
Then current = 230 = .0033 Amps
69000
Now 1 Amp = 1000 milli Amps or mA
So current through
the body = .0033 Amps = 3.3 mA
ReviewIf now a review is made of calculation made
above, it may be noted that only 3.3 milli Amps
flowed through the body. From table it could be
seen that this range is not fatal. The victim with
some presence of mind can release himself or
someone near him will come to switch off supply.
Suppose now the victim is on wet ground and has
no foot wear, the resistance may be as low as say
690 ohms. The current through the body will be
330 milli Amps, in the table this current will come
under the range “50 to a few hundreds” and this
can be fatal. From this example it could be seen
that unless one is absolutely careless in every
way he is quite safe from electricity in his house,
office, etc.
Effects of various values of current on the body are as follows
Value of Current Duration of Physiological effect on humans
in milli Amps shock
Up to 1 mA Not critical Range upto threshold of perception
1-15 mA Not critical Range upto threshold of cramp. Independent release
of hands from object gripped no longer possible, i.e
beyond “let-go” range. Sometimes painful effect on
muscles of fingers and arms.
15-30 mA Minutes Cramp like contraction of arms. Difficulty in
breathing. Rise in blood pressure.
30-50 mA Seconds or Heart irregularities. Powerful cramp effect.
minutes Unconsciousness. Rise in blood pressure. If time runs
to minutes, may prove fatal.
50 to a few Less than No ventricular fibrillation. Heavy shock.
hundreds cardiac cycle
50 to a few Above one Ventricular fibrillation. Current marks.
hundreds cardiac cycle Unconsciousness. If not attended immediately – death.
Above a few Less than Ventricular fibrillation possible depending on heart phases.
hundreds cardiac cycle Current marks. Unconsciousness.
Above a few Over one
hundreds cardiac cycle Reversible cardiac arrest. Unconsciousness burns.
17July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
apºv cpNn-®n-´n-√mØ cpNn, apºvtI´n-´n-√mØ i_vZw, apºv Fgp-Xn-°-≠n-´n-√mØ hm°v, apºv A\p-`-hn-®n-´n-√mØ ssien F∂nh Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-emWv Fgp-Ønse ck-X¥w F∂v \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ønb ‘Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw’
A©v ]Xn -‰m≠v ]n∂n -Sp -∂p.CubnsS B ]pkvXw H∂qsS hmbn-°m≥ FSp-Øp. Zo]≥ inh-cm-a≥Hcp-°nb cwKm-hn-jvImcw ]me-°ms´Xkm°v s^Ãn-h-ens‚ `mK-ambnImWp-hm\pw mKy-ap-≠m-bn.
]me-°m-S≥ X\n-a-bpsS apZ-bmb Icn-º-\-t]mse s]mXn-s®-Sp-°m≥, hmbn-s®-Sp-°m≥ ]Wn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xcw mj-bm-sW∂v Iem-e-b-Im-eØv tXm∂n-b-Xn-\m¬ am‰n-sh-®p.Rm≥ P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptº `qW-s∏-´-XmWv Cu IrXn. ]ns∂ NneIpdn-∏p-Iƒ hmbn-®-t∏mƒ ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v ]nd-sI-bp≈ Imcy-߃X\na tNmcmsX hc-®n´ NnX]Z¿i-\-amWv Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-
\mbn-I -tI-µo-Ir-X-hptam A√ F∂-XmWv Jkm-°ns‚ IY-]-d-bp∂ CuIrXn. \m´p-ºp-dsØ Nmb-a-°m-\n-bpsS kam-h-dn\v Np‰p-an-cp∂ NqSp-Nm-b-tam¥n Ipipºpw Ip∂m-bvabpwtemI-hm¿Øbpw hn\n-abw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv h√m-sØmcp ImgvN-bm-Wv.sNcp∏v ISn® hW-hp-ambn (A¿_p-Zw) A≈m-∏n® sam√m° k¿°m¿Bip-]-X-bn¬ sN√p-∂-Xm-bp≈`mKw ssZ\y-am-Wv. NnXen aebpwNpchpw IS∂v hcp∂ Im‰v Jkm-°vIm-cpsS hmbp-hm-Wv. Xpºn-Iƒacn-®-h-cpsS Hm¿Ω-bm-sW∂pw Hm¥va\p-jy-cpsS tNmc-Ip-Sn-°p-sa∂pwhmbn-°p-tºmƒ A‘-hn-izm-k-Øn-\-∏p-dØv Ip´n-°me Ipkr-Xn-I-fpsSHm¿Ωbpw t]Snbpw \Ωn-ep-W-cpw.
Nq´n-t‚bpw ]m\o-kn-t‚bpwshfn-®-Øn¬ \n∂pw \£X tim -bn-te-°p≈ Zqcw Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-Øn¬ Af-∂n- n- p-≠v. Ip´m-S≥]pim-cn-bpsS Imhnse ]qc-Øn\vKcp-V≥ Xq°hpw ssaaq-\-bp-sSbpw
hmb\Nµ≥ IÆ-t©cn
Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkwHcp hm-b\
H.-hn. hnP-bs‚ Im¿´q-Wp-Iƒ°-∏pdw Hmtcm hm°nepw aq¿Øn NnX-߃ImWm-\mhpw F∂-XmWv Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-hm-b-\-bpsS ]tXy-I-X.
lmkw F∂v a\- n-em-bn. tijwhmb-\bv°v ian®p; ]cn-i-an®vXo¿Øp. ae-_m¿ ap…ow `mjbpwXangpw tN¿∂v X\n Kmay-]-tbm-K-߃ \njvI-f-¶-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-ambna\-t -dn. hmsam-gnbpw hc-sam-gnbpwka-\z-bn-∏n® \mS≥ hm°p-I-fpsSCµ-Pmew I≠p. tKmX-∏-ga \nd®hm°p-I-fm¬ [z\n-km-µ-amb NnX-߃ tImdn-bn- -h-bp-≠v. Xkm-°ns‚]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fmWv t\mh-en\v Ah-ew-_w. Ahn-SpsØ Rm‰p-]p-cbpwAd-_n-°p-fhpw Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-Øn¬ ]I¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
IY-]-d-bp-∂-Xnepw IYm-]m-X-ßsf Ah-X-cn -∏n -°p-∂-Xnepw\n¿ÆnX coXnbpw \nb-ahpw CuIrX-bn¬ Ct√-bn-√. Ime-L-´hpw]›m-Ø-ehpw ]®-Øp-≈≥ NmSp-∂-t]mse sX∂n-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IYm-]m-X-߃ Hs∂m-∂mbnh∂v IY ]d™v t]mIp-∂p. HmtcmIYm-]m-Xhpw Hmtcmtcm IY-bm-hp-∂Xv ImWmw. \mbI tIµo-Ir-Xtam
18 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
bmX‰n. iolcn, tImgn-t°mSv
ss\km-a-en-bp-tSbpw sh‰n-e-bnseajn-t\m-´hpw ]mNo\ hnizm-k-ß-fpsS AS-bm-f-ambn InS-°p-∂p.hkqcn ac-Whpw sam√m-°-bpsSaøØv sIm≠p-t]m-Iepw ]pkvXIwaS-°n-sh-®mepw IÆn¬ \n∂vt]mIn-√. Hmtcm A[ymbw hmbn-°p-tºmgpw Ae-£y-ambn hmb-\-°m¿Hmtcm IYbv°v ]n∂mse t]mIp∂Ahÿbp≠v, kzmX-¥y-hpw.
“\Ωƒ NmIv∂tXm F´p-ImenNmIvWtXm PmkvXn thZ\” F∂vIp™m-an\ chn amjvt\mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p-≠v. Zm¿i-\nI Xe-Øn-te°vCßs\ Nne (tNm-Zy-߃) FØn-t\m-´-߃ t\mh-en-ep-≠v. bp‡n
`Z-a-√mØ Ime-L- -Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ DØcw In´mØ tNmZy-ß-fmbv t\mh¬ _m°n-sh-°p-∂p.\m´n¬ hkqcn ]S-cp-tºmƒ amjvIpØn-sh-s∏-Sp-°p-∂n-√. hkq-cn-tcmKw Poh-s\-SpØ Ip´n-I-fpsSÿew Hgn™v InS-°p-tºmƒ a‰vIp´n-I-fpsS t]cv hnfn-°m-\m-hmsXlmP¿ ]pkvXIw aS-°n-sh-°p∂amjv Ip´n-I-fpsS ap∂n¬ hnjawAS-°p-∂-Xns‚ XohZp:Jw hmbn-°m-\p-≠v.
NnX-en-a-e, ]mSw, hc-ºv, Icn-º-\, Im‰v, Rm‰p-]p-c, Ad-_n-°p-fw,Nmb-°-S, GIm-[ym-]nI kvIqƒ,InW-dv, sNØp-Im-cs‚ ]\, Xpºn,Hm¥v, F´p-Im-en, ]mºv Aßs\ÿe-ßfpw P¥p-°fpw IY-]-d-bp-∂p. sam√m-°, -ssa-aq\, Ip™m-an-\, chn, A∏p-°n-fn, ]fl, tjJv,
“B¿°m-\n -®bw amjvtj”
F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ kwkm-c-߃ ]e-Xp≠v.
Iqa≥Im-hn¬ XpSßn Iqa≥Imhn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂p Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw. Jkm-°ns‚_lp-kz-cX F°m-eØpw ]pe-tc≠ PmXn-a-X-k-¶-e-\-Øns‚A¿∞hpw ss\¿Ω-eyhpw \sΩHm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. BZy-Xm-fp-I¬hmbn®v AIØv ]th-in-®m¬]pdØv IS-°m≥ tXm∂n-°mØhnkvab temI-amWv Jkm-°ns‚CXn-lm-kw. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ A£-c-ß-fm¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb NnX-ß-fmWv Cu t\mh¬. H.-hn. hnP-bs‚Im¿´q -Wp -Iƒ°-∏pdw Hmtcmhm°nepw aq¿Ø NnX-߃ ImWm-\mhpw F∂-XmWv Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-hm-b-\-bpsS ]tXy-I-X.n
ssaPm-a-en, Ip´m-S≥]qim-cn, NIp,Ip™p-¥p-d, ]m®n, Imfn, XnØn-_n-øp-Ω, sImS-®n, Nm¥p-ap-Øp,inh-cm-a≥ \mb¿, am[-h≥ \mb¿F∂n-ßs\ FX-I-Ym-]m-X-߃?kØn-bw, ]m\o-kv, jvtImƒ, amjv-tj, Ah-Wo -i v , _Z-co -߃,tImsW-gp-Øv, t]mbv, ]pK-ams´F∂n-ßs\ FXtbm hSnhv sX‰nbhm°p-Iƒ.
“Bhp, FØc ]p§m≠Infntb ”
“Im^-dns‚ kvIqfn¬ ]pK-amt´”
FX-hgn (Zq -cw)? “Zm,ASvØs∂”
tIcf tÉv Ce-IvSn -kn‰nt_m¿Uv enan-‰-Un¬ eohv Smh¬I¨k-j≥ (F¬.-Sn.kn) BZy-ambnG¿s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, F¬.-Sn.kn D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn. Hcp DØ-tc-¥y≥ bmXkwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv IqSnb kwL-S-\-bpsSFIvkn-Iyp- ohv IΩn-‰n-tbm-K-Øn¬[mc-W-bm-bn. HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]Sn-I-fn-d-ßp-hm≥ t]mIp∂io. AeIvkvama-®s\t∏mse-bp≈ko\n-b¿ ]h¿Ø-I¿°v F¬.-Sn.knD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hcp Ah-kcw IqSn-bmWv Cu Sq¿ t]mKmwF∂p R߃ IW-°p-Iq- n. Fd-Wm-Ipfw kztZin io. cta-jv_m-_p, Akn- v FIvko-Iyq-´ohvF≥Pn-\o-bsd bmX-bpsS kwLm-SI Npa-Xe G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw,At±lw aptJ\ Fd-Wm-IpfwtIµ-ambn ]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp]apJ Smh¬/Sq¿ GP≥-knsbZuXyw G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.tIc-f-Ønse AXn ITn-\-amb NqSn¬\n∂pw Hcp c£-s∏S¬ IqSn-bm-Is´Cu Sq¿ t]mKmw F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, a≤y-th-\¬ Ah-[n-°mew Xs∂ Cu ^manen Sqdn-te-°mbn Xocp-am-\n-®p. U¬ln, knwe,Ipfp, aWm-en, Aar-Xv-k¿ BKXpS-ßnb ]IrXn ca-Wo-b-ß-fmb]tZ-i-ßsf Dƒs∏-SpØn 8 Znhkw\o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Sq¿ t]mKmwGP≥kn Xøm-dm°n 2017 G]n¬28˛mw XobXn Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øp-\n∂pwBcw- n®v sabv 5˛mw XobXn Xncn®vFd-Wm-Ip-f-Øv kam-]n-°p∂ Xc-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p t]mKmw Nm¿´vsNøn-®-Xv. AwK-ß-fn¬ ]e¿°pwhnam-\-bmX ]pXp-a-bm-b-Xn-\m¬s\Sp-ºm-t»-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw U¬ln-hsc hnam-\-bmX aXn-sb∂v sFI-I-WvtT\ \n›-bn-®p. tijw ][m-\-s∏´ ]tZ-i-߃ ImWp∂Xnte-bv°mbn 45 ko‰¿ F.-kn. _kpwSq¿ Hm∏-td-t‰gvkv kwL-Sn-∏n-®p.Xma-k-Øn-\mbn 3 Ãmdn\p apI-fn¬
19July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
kuI-cy-ß-fp≈ tlm -ep-I-fpw, ae-bmfn ssKUn-t\bpw k÷-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p.
2017 G]n¬ 28 sh≈n-bmgvNcmhnse 9.30 \v s\Sp-ºm-t»-cn-bn¬FØnbt∏mƒ Fs‚ ]nb kplr-Øp-°ƒ ]ecpw FØn-t®¿∂n-cp-∂p.25 t]cm-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS bmX-bn¬Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. kplr-Øp-°fpw,IpSpw-_-hpw, Fb¿-t]m¿´p--sa√mwsamØ-Øn¬ Fs∂ B›-cy-s∏-Sp-Øn. GI-tZiw 11.40 AM \v skIyq-cn‰n sN°nwKv Ign™v hnam\w qan-tbm-Sp≈ _‘w hnt›-Zn®v A\-¥-hn-lm-b-kn-te°v IpXn-®p. sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n. tbmSpw, FÃn-ta-‰n-t\m-Spw,sSUdnt\mSpw, FKn-sa‚ vknt\mSpw,_n√n-t\mSpw, Ak-‰n-t\mSpw hnS...Rß-fpsS kz]v\-bm -Xbv°vAßns\ XpS-°-am-bn.
ap≥]v ]e-X-hW hnam\ bmXsNbvXn- p-s≠-¶n-epw, Ah-\m-Im-iØvH∂p-e-™-t∏mƒ P∑w X∂-hs\Adn-bmsX a\-kn¬ Hm¿Øp-t]m-bn.aq∂p aq∂c aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ sIm≠vU¬ln Fb¿t]m¿´n¬ Rß-fpsS“ kvss]kv sP‰v ”kpc-£n-X-ambnem‚ v sNbvXp. _mtK-Pp-Iƒ ssI∏-‰m≥ GI-tZiw 45 an\n v FSp-Øp.Aev]w Xma-kn-s®-¶nepw t_kn¬sNdn-bm≥ F∂ ae-bmfn ssKUv
hml\ klnXw Rß-sf kzoI-cn-°m≥ FØn.
U¬ln-bn¬ IpØ-_van-\m¿,cmjvS-]Xn `h≥, ]m¿e-sa‚ v aµn-cw, C¥y-tK-‰v, Aa¿ Phm≥tPym-Xn,cmPv]Yv F∂nh I≠v cmXn ^jvA]v Hcp-°n-bn-cp∂ tlm´-en¬FØn. Ipfn®v cpNn-I-c-amb £WwIgn-®p. Aev]w hni-aw. tijwsFXn-lm-kn-I-ambn knwe bmX XpS-ßn. ssUh¿ AXn-k-a¿∞≥,cmtPjv i¿Ω Hcp sNdnb amcpXn
tSmbnIm¿ ssIImcyw sNøp∂emL-h-tØmsS B henb h≠nAbmƒ CSp-ßn-b- hgn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw,ae-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw, Xmgv-h-c-I-fn-eq-sSbpw]mbn-®p. bmX-°n-S-bn¬ ‘Zm_’ Ifn¬Nmb-IpSn, a‰v AXym-hi ‘i¶’-IƒXo¿°¬ Aßns\ cmhnse 9 aWn-tbmsS knwe-bn-se-Øn. dqan-seØn^jv Bbtijw t_°v ^mÃv...ImWm≥ t]mIp∂ ]tZ-isØ q]-IrXn ]cn-K-Wn®v sNdnb hml-\-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p Rß-fpsS ]n∂o-Sp≈bmX BZyw Xmcm-tZhn t£Xw,[mcmfw hm\c kwL-ß-fm¬ kºp-jvSamW-hnSw. bmX-°m-cpsS £Wkm[m-\-ßfpw a‰pw AI-aW kz`m-h-tØmsS Ah¿ X´n ]dn®p hmßn.thdn´ Hcp A\p- -h-w, hf-sc im¥-amb A¥-co-£-am-bn-cp∂p ]cn-k-cØv. tijw Ip^n, C¥y≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq v Hm v AUvhm≥kvUv ÃUo-kv,cmjvS-]XnbpsS th\¬-°me hk-Xn, knwem-amƒtdmUv. knwem-amƒtdmUv hfsc ck-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. hfscDb-c-Øn-te°v t]mIp∂ tdmUv, Ccp-h-ihpw ASn-s]mfn _m≥USvtjm]vkv ]¿t®kv sNøm≥ \√kuIcyw hml-\-߃ IS-Øn-hn-Sn-√... P\w sshIn v D√m-k-tØmsSsXcp-hn-en-d-ßpw. Kw`o-c-amb \S-Øw.XWp∏pw IqSn-bm-b-t∏mƒ ckw
Hcp aWm-en-b≥ A]m-cX
20 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
Xs∂.. cmXn aSßn dqan-se-Øn.Rm≥ Xma-kn® dqan¬ BcpsSsbm-s°tbm Im¬ s]cp-am-‰w, dqw \º¿H∂p IqSn t\m°n Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øn...C√... sX‰n-bn- n-√. Bscm-s°tbmAI-Øp-≠v, tamj-W-i-a-am-tWm..sas√ Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ Ipsd hm\-c≥am¿ Rß-fpsS _mKp-Ifpw, Ih-dp-Ifpw Xpd∂v apgp-h≥ XpWn-Ifpwa‰p-km-[-\-ßfpw hen-®p-hm-cn-bn- n-cp-∂p. NneXp [cn®p t\m°n-bn- p-ap-≠v.Rßsf I≠Xpw Ah¿ P\¬-am¿Kw]pd-tØ°v IpXn-®p. s]s´-∂m-W¿Ø-Xv, knwe-bpsS ssiXy-hpw]I-ens‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-bpw, XW-p-Øp-hn-d® ac-߃°n-S-bn-eq-Sp≈ ]`mXkqcys‚ Db¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]pw Bkz-
e-b-Øns‚ \S-phn-eqsS _obmkv \ZnCu th\¬°m-eØpw Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. (a-™p-cp-In-bp-≠mb \Zn)Hcp sIm°-bpsS AKm-[-X-bn-embn_obmkv \Zn. bmX-bpsS ImTn-\y-Øm¬ ]e¿°pw Xe-th-Z-\bpw.O¿Znbpw D≠m-bn. C¥y-bnse Pe-k-º-Øn¬ 25%hpw lnam-N¬ ]tZ-in-\mWv kz¥-sa-∂p≈ bmYm¿∞ywGsXmcp sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n.-°m-c-t\bpwtImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-°pw. GI-tZiw 27436MW BWv lnam-N¬ ]tZ-inse Pe-k-º-Øv. CXp-hsc 8418 MW ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ h¿jw apgp-h\pw P\-td-j≥\S-°p-∂p. C¥-bnse Ce-IvSn-kn‰nan® kwÿm-\-amWv lnam-N¬]tZiv. _obmkv, sN\m-_v, chn,
sØ-dn-®v, CSn®p adn™v GI-tZiw7 Intem-ao-‰-tdmfw Hgn-°n-\-\p-k-cn®vapt∂m v t]mIp-∂-XmWv dm v‰nw-Kv.Bdv Bfp-Iƒ°v Htc-k-abwss^_¿ t_m n¬ k©-cn°mw ck-I-c-amb Hcp A\p- hw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p ‘dm v‰nw-Kv’.
tijw sNdp hml-\-ß-fn¬bmX-bm-cw- n-®p. sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb‘aWm-en-bn-te°v’ cmXn-tbmsSR߃°mbn Hcp-°n-bn-cp∂ tlm -enseØn. Ccp- p-]-c-∂n-cp-∂p. tlm -en\v ap≥]n-em-bp≈ hnim-e-ambB∏nƒtØm´w. ]¿∆-X-߃°- n-ap-J-am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p tlm´¬ apdn-Iƒ\¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. `£Ww Ign™phni-aw. ]nt‰∂v cmhnse apdn-bnseI¿´≥ hI™v am‰n ]¿∆-X-Øn-te-s°m∂p t\m°n... tlm.... ap∂n¬`oam-Im-c-ßfmb a™p-a-e-Iƒ, sh≈-]p-X®v kqcy-]-Imiw ]Xn®v sh´n-Øn-f-ßp-∂p. kn\n-a-I-fn-epw, kz]v\-ß-fnepw amXw ]cn-Nn-X-amb ImgvN-Iƒ. AhnsS ]I¬ IqSp-Xepw cmXnIpd-hp-am-Wv. GXm≠v 5 aWn-tbmsSkqcy-\p-Zn°pw, cmXn 7.30 hsck‘y-bm-Wv.
cmhnse `£-W-tijw Rß-fpsS bmX ho≠pw XpS-ßp-I-bm-bn.t\sc sFkv t]mbn‚n-te°v t]mbna™p sXm´p. t]mIp∂ hgn ]ecpwhmS-Ibv°v _qSvkp-I-fpw, tIm´p-Ifpw•ukp-Ifpw hmßn-h-®p. ae-b-Sn-hm-c-sØ-Øn-b-t∏m-gmWv AXns‚ Bh-iy-IX t_m≤y-s∏- -Xv. ]n∂oSv ae-I-b-‰-am-bn-cp-∂p. apI-fn-tem v Ib-dp-t¥mdpw izmkw \n¬°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se..... F¥m-bmepw HgpIn Xmtg°vh∂v Dd™ a™p-]m-fn-Iƒ sXm´p-t\m-°m-\mbn. ASp-Øp≈ ]md-s°-´p-I-fn¬ Ccp∂p hni-an-®tijwAßp Xmsg ]m¿°v sNbvXn-cp∂Rß-fpsS hml\-ß-fn-te-°v. tijwtkmf-mwKv hmen-bn-te°v... ]mcm-ss•-UnwKv, tdm]v Im¿ Ch-bm-bn-cp∂pAhn-SsØ ]tXy-I-X. Hcp a™pae-bpsS apI-fn-te°v tdm]v Imdn¬t]mbn, Ahn-S∂p ]mc-Nyq- n¬ ss•UvsNøp∂ Hcp kw`hw... tijw bmXXpS-cp-I-bmWv.
lnUpw_n sSw_nƒ.....XpScpw
Zn-®-Xns‚ ]cn-k-am-]vXn. P\¬ AS-°phm≥ ad-∂p-t]m-bn. apdn c≠mw\ne-bn¬ apI-fn-em-W-s√m-sb∂Bizm-khpw, Bcp-h-cphm-\mWvtamj-W-Øn\v ChnsS hsc F∂hnizm-khpw l\n-°-s∏- -Xv. Rß-fpsS \n¿`m-Ky-sa-∂p-]-d-b-s´, as‰√mdqanepw h®n-´p≈ “Ipc-ß≥am¿iey-°m-cmWv ” F∂ Cw•ojvt_m¿Uv tlm -ep-Im¿ Fs‚ dqan¬hbv°m≥ ad-∂p.
Xnc-®n-en-s\m-Sp-hn¬ XmgsØ\ne-bn¬ \n∂pw, Aß-Ise ac-ß-fpsS Nn√-bn¬ \n∂pw \jvS-s∏´hkvX-߃ tlm´¬ t_mbvkv]nt‰∂p sIm≠p-h∂p X∂p.
ASp-Ø-bmX Bcw- n®p Ipfp-hmen hgn aWm-en-bn-te-bv°v....
c≠p-h-ihpw sN¶p-Ømb lnam-
Nµ-_m-Km, bap\, k‰vePv XpS-ßnb\Zn-Iƒ lnam-N-en-emWv D≈-Xv. Ch-sb√mw a™p-cpInbp≠m-Ip∂ \Zn-I-fm-Wv. Hcp Imew hsc C¥y-bnsehenb ]≤-Xn-I-fn-sem-∂mb `Im-\-¶¬ kXvePv \Znbv°p Ipdp-sI-bm-Wv.
sshIp-t∂-c-tØmsS Ipfp-hm-en-bn-se-Øn. Aÿn Xpf-bv°p∂ XWp∏vBcw- n-°p-I-bm-bn. Aßp Zqsc ae-\n-c-Iƒ a™p ]pXbv-°m≥ XpS-ßp∂ ImgvN Ahn-kva-co-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. B ae-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Hgp-Ip∂Pew ]pg-bmbn ]md-s°- p-I-fn-eqsSAe-®m¿Øv Xmsgbv-s°m-gp-Ip-I-bm-Wv. AhnsSbmWv ]kn-≤-amb‘dm v‰nwKv’ F∂ t_m´nwKv kº-Zmbw. hmbp \nd® ss^_¿ t_m´p-Iƒ \Zn-bn-eqsS ]md-s°- p-I-en¬ X n-
21July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
th\¬°m-eØpw ae-\n-c-I-fn¬lna-I-Wn-I-Ifpw aqS¬ a™pw\nd™p \n¬°p∂ ]›n-a-L-´-Ønse ][m\ hnt\mZk©mctIµ-amWv aq∂m¿.
tIc-f-Ønse sshZypXn ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS Xe-sXm- -∏-\mb ]≈n-hm-k¬Pe sshZypX ]≤-Xn-bpsS mK-ambcma-kzman Aø¿ XS-b-W-bpsSHmcØp ÿnXn sNøp∂ at\m-l-c-amb sslU¬ ]m¿°v k©m-cn-I-fpsS a\w Ipfn¿∏n-°p∂ kt¶-X-am-Wv. sshZypXn t_m¿Uns‚ kΩm-\-amb sslU¬ Sqdnkw ]≤XnIgn™ 15 h¿j-ambn hf¿∂p]S¿∂Xv Cu aÆn-em-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv ]q°-fpsS D’-h-amb ]pjv]-taf 2017 Ac-tß-dn-b-Xv. Ign™ 2h¿j-ambn aq∂m-dnse tlm´¬ dtÃm-d‚ v At m-kn-tb-j-\p-ambn tN¿∂v\S-Øn-bn-cp∂ taf Cu h¿jwsslU¬ Sqdnkw kz¥w A≤zm-\-Ønepw hnb¿∏nepw BWv \S-Øn-b-Xv. 2017 G]n¬ apX¬ sabv 21
]cn-ÿnXn]n.-F≥. _nPp
]pjv]-taf 2017
tIc-f-Ønse sshZypXn ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS Xe-sXm-´-∏-\mb]≈n-hm-k¬ Pe sshZypX ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-amb cma-kzman Aø¿ XS-b-W-bpsS HmcØp ÿnXn sNøp∂at\m-l-c-amb sslU¬ ]m¿°v k©m-cn-I-fpsS a\wIpfn¿∏n-°p∂ kt¶-X-am-Wv. sshZypXn t_m¿Uns‚kΩm-\-amb sslU¬ Sqdnkw ]≤Xn Ign™ 15 h¿j-ambn hf¿∂p ]S¿∂Xv Cu aÆn-em-Wv.
22 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
hsc apXn-c-∏pg Pem-i-b-Øn\pXocØp Ac-tß-dnb taf Hcp]s£ CXv hsc \S-Ø-s∏- -Xn¬G‰hpw \o≠p \n∂ ]pjv]-ta-f-bmWvG]n¬ 28 \v aq∂m¿ Kma ]©m-bØv ]kn-U‚mWv taf DZvLm-S\wsNbvX-Xv.
tafbn¬ hnhn[ h¿Æ-ß-fn-ep≈tdmkv, sP¿_-c, s]‰-\n-b, tªmIvkv,AUo-\n-b, Pa-¥n, hn¶ XpS-ßnb\nc-h[n ]qs®-Sn-Iƒ ]Z¿i-\-Øn\pwhnev]-\bv°pw Hcp-°n-bn-cp-∂p.
tdmkm-]q-°-fn¬ Xo¿Ø hnhn[cq]-߃ ImgvN-bpsS hyXy-kvX-ambHcp temIw Xo¿°p∂hbm-bn-cp-∂p.
IqSmsX ]Z¿i\w ImWm-s\-Ønb Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]tXyIw hnt\mZ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ taf-bn¬ k÷-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Ip´n-Iƒ°pwapXn¿∂-h¿°pw Hcp t]mse Bkz-Zn-°m-hp∂ hnhn[ sKbn-ap-Iƒ, cpNn-bpsS sshhn[yw kΩm-\n-°p∂^pUv tIm¿ v XpS-ßn-b-hbpw Cuh¿jsØ taf-bpsS hnti-j-X-I-fm-
bn -cp -∂p. sshIp-t∂-c -ß-fn¬sslU¬ ]m¿In-Is\ BI-am\wat\m-l-c-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Zo]m-e-¶mcw Hcp-°p-hm\pw BbXv taf-bn-se-Øp-∂-h-cpsS ]iwk ]nSn®p]‰p-∂-Xn\pw Cu h¿jsØ ]pgv]-taf km£yw hln-®p. Cu h¿j-sØ ]pjv]-ta-f°v cmPy-Øns‚hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw IqSmXhntZi cmPy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Ip n-IfpwapXn¿∂-h-cp-a-S°w FØn-bXv 1,50,000¬ IqSp-X¬ Bfp-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.n
Participants:· Mr. Ram Mahesh R, Chief Personnel Officer
· Ms. Mini George, Deputy Chief Engineer
(HRM)-I
· Mr. Bipin Sankar, Deputy Chief Engineer, TRAC
(C/o Engineers Association)
· Mr. Sreekumar P.K., Deputy Chief Engineer
(IT)
· Mr. Sathyarajan J., Executive Engineer, ITCU
· Mr. Baby John, Assistant Executive Engineer,
O/o the Dir (T&SO)(C/o KSEBOA)
· Ms. Jasmine Banu, Assistant Executive
Engineer,O/o the CE(PED) (C/o KSEBOA)
· Mr. Shaj Kumar,AEE, O/o the Dir(D,S &GE),(C/
o Engineers Association)
· Mr. S.Vijayan, Asst. Engineer, O/o the CE
(REES) (C/o KEOF)
· Mr. Sudhakaran Nair R., Sr. Superintendent,
(C/o KPBOF)
· Mr. S. Shajahan, Sr. Superintendent, O/o the
CE (HRM)(C/o KSEBOA)
· Mr. S. Mohana Chandran R., Sr. Supent, Board
Secretariate (C/o KSEBOA)
· Mr. Madhavan Namboothiri K.V.,Sr.
Superintendent, O/o the Dy.CE (HRM-I)
· Mr. K.S.Sunil, Secretary, KPBPF
· Mr.Ananthakrishnan M S, Secretary, KEOF
· Mr.Noble Gulab S.T., Treasurer, KEOF
· Mr. Narayanan M, Assistant Executive
Engineer, ITCU
· Mr. Kiran, Programmer, ITCU
· Mr. Pradeep Kumar K.S., Senior Assistant, G E
Section, O/o the CE (HRM)
The meeting commenced at 04.00 p.m. The
following clarifications/modifications were
proposed in the meeting:
Modification in Index Calculation Formula:
Based on the MoM of the functional committee
meeting held on 26.5.2017, the index calculation
formula was reworked and proposed. The
proposed formula is Index, I=W1*W2*W3*(sum
of PijDij(r)i)*W4);
where
N = Total years of service
i = 0 to N – 1
Pij= Number of days of service at a particular
station in “ith” year of service in the “jth” spell.
Dij= Shortest Road Distance in Kilometer from
domicile office to working office.
r is a constant. When ‘r’ is assigned a value
0.75, it is observed that a reasonable index is
getting generated for employees with different
lengths of service periods. If required, the value
of 'r' may be reviewed after the verification of
trial order by O/o the CE (HRM)
Office Preference Index, W4: W4, in the
index calculation formula is W4=1+K (No. of
Requests Out-No. Of Requests In)/(Total no. of
Assigned Posts); where K is Office Preference
Multiplier (with values 1,1.3,1.6 or2 depending
upon the office type) But for the General Transfer
2017-18 W4 will be taken as 'K' itself. The value
of 'K' for all offices should be furnished by the
Sub Committee nominated by the Functional
Committee.
· Maintaining Gender Ratio: While
calculating the index, it is noticed that the index
values of female officers are generally less. Hence
the committee recommended that in a station the
ratio of males and females in each category who
have declared same station as domicile should
be computed and it should be ensured that female
officers should be retained in the posting strength
after transfer, at least at this ratio. But if in any
case female number exceeds the minimum
number required as per ratio, the general index
Minutes of the Functional Committee Meeting to discuss about theOnline Transfer Module (Officers) held on 07.07.17 at 4.00 pm at the Conference Room,
ITCU, 3rd floor, Vydyuthi Bhavanam, Thiruvananthapuram.
CornerSTAFF
23July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
will be retained without any change. In addition
to this in the Domicile Station list, Adjacent District
list, Zonal list and State List the order should be
rearranged in such a manner that the ratio is
maintained all through the list.
3 Year Place Protection inside the
Domicile station: If a person is eligible to be
retained in his/her domicile and he/she is
occupying the present seat for less than 3 years
he/she will not be shifted from the seat even if a
person having higher index has applied for that
seat. The persons eligible for nominated protection
will be posted to the requested seat, subject to
availability.
Concept of Deemed Domicile Section: As
decided in the meeting with Director (HRM) of
23.5.2017, employees who have more than 3
years of continuous service in the districts
Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha,
Ernakulam and Kottayam while having their
declared domicile in other districts, the service
will be reckoned as 'deemed domicile' by the
system for the entire period after first three years.
The distance for such cases will be reckoned as 8
km.
Calculation of Posting Strength: The
posting strength in different quota (domicile/
adjacent district/region/state) will be calculated
after deducting protected seats from total posting
strength. Reduction in posts due to rounding will
be adjusted in State Quota.
Officers on Maternity Leave: The officers
who are on maternity leave will be retained in the
present office.
Cut-Off Date: Last date of application
(26.06.2017) should be taken as cut-off date.
Chance of Re-option after Index
Publishing: The index will be published after the
fixing of Medical Priority Index 'W2' by Medical
Committee. All officers will have a chance for re-
option after publishing of trial list.
The meeting concluded at 7.00 p.m.
Sd/-
Deputy Chief Engineer (IT)
24 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
F√m tem-I-ß-sf-bpw F-√m Po-h-cm-in-I-sf-bpwkm-K-c-ß-sf-bpw ]¿-h-X-ß-sf-bpw Xm-¶-sf-bpw F-s∂-bpw F-√m-‰n-s\-bpw kr-jv-Sn-® B-Zy-¥-hn-lo-\-\m-b k¿-th-im, tem-I-ß-sf F-√mw B-ew-_-an-√m-sX \n¿-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂ A-ß-bp-sS A-\p-K-lwR-ß-fn¬ D-≠m-I-W-ta!'' F-∂v ]m¿-Yn-®p-sIm-≠vI-Y-Iƒ F-gp-Xn-b _-jo-dn-s‚ I-Y-Iƒ A-h-km-\n-°p-∂n-√. Po-hn-X-sØ a-‰m¿-°pw I-gn-™n- n-√m-Ø-co-Xn-bn¬ t\m-°n-°m-Wp-hm-\pw kv-t\-ln-°p-hm-\pw I-g-n-™ A-km-[m-c-W ]-Xn- -bm-bn-cp-∂p _-jo¿. X-\n-a-e-bm-f-Øn-s‚ `m-j-bn-eq-sS A-\-iz-cI-Ym-]m-X-ß-sf-bpw Im-em-\n-h¿-Øn-I-fm-b I-Ym-k-µ¿- -ß-sf-bpw kr-jv-Sn-® _-jo-dn-s‚ "_m-ey-Im-e-k-Jn'bn¬ ]-W-bw hy-‡n-I-fp-sS kz-Im-cy-am-bA-\p- -h-Øn¬ \n-∂p-b¿-∂v k-ap-Zm-b-sØ-Ø-s∂am-‰n-Øo¿-°p-∂ H-cp \-thm-∞m-\ hn-Im-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-≠v. \-c-I-Øn-s‚ Zzo-]n¬ kz¿-Kw ]-Wn-bp-I-bm-Wv C-hn-sS kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ \n-tbm-Kw. Hm¿-Ω-I-fn¬ `q-X-Im-e-Øn¬ Ip-cp-ßn-t∏m-b H-cp X-e-ap-d-bpw ]-Ir-Xn-sb-t∏m-se kz-—-hpw \n-jv-I-f-¶-hp-am-b a-s‰m-cp-X-e-ap-d-bpw C-Xn¬ Im-Wmw. A-\p-cm-K-Øn-s‚ \n-d-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v \-ap-°n-∂p-≈ t_m-[wkr-jv-Sn-®-Xp-X-s∂ "_m-ey-Im-e k-Jn', "t]-a-te-J-\w', "a-Xn-ep-Iƒ' A-S-°-ap-≈ G-Xm-\pw Ir-Xn-I-fm-Wv. a-Xn-ep-Iƒ F-∂ t\m-h¬ \-Ωp-sS m-j-bp-sSa-l-Øm-b t\- -ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv C-Xn-epw _-jo¿-X-s∂-bm-Wv I-Ym-]m-Xw. A-t±-lw P-bn-en¬ In-S-°p-tºmƒ sXm- -∏p-d-Øp-≈ s] -P-bn-en¬ In-S-°p-∂ \m-cm-b-Wn-sb t]-an-® I-Y. X-Ωn¬ Im-Wm-sXa-Ww A-\p- -hn-®pw i-_v-Zw tI- pw am-X-am-Wn-h¿t]-an-°p-∂-Xv.
""X-Ωn-sem-∂p Im-Wm-s\-¥p-h-gn?''Rm≥ ]-d-™p""Rm-s\m-cp h-gn-bpw Im-Wp-∂n-√''\m-cm-b-Wn ]-d-™p.""Rm-\n-∂p cm-Xn In-S-t∂m¿-Øp-I-c-bpw!''""P-bn-en-s‚ ]-Sp-Iq-‰≥ hm-Xn¬ -b-¶-c-i-_v-Z-tØm-
kmlnXyw]n sP h¿-Ko-kv a-e-ta¬
Hm¿-Ω-I-fn¬H-cp kp¬-Øm≥
25July 2017 l THE POWER WAVES
sS F-s‚ ]n-d-In¬ A-S-™p. Rm≥X-\n-®m-bn. Rm≥ B kp-K-‘w ]-c-Øp-∂ Np-h-∂ tdm-km-∏q-hp ssI-bn-se-Sp-Øp t\m-°n-s°m-≠v B s]-cp-h-gn-bn¬ kv-X-_v-[-\m-bn h-f-sc-t\-cw\n-∂p.''
k- -e-am-Im-sX-t]m-b B t]-a-I-Y a-\p-jy-a-\-kn-s\-∏-‰n, kv-t\-l-_-‘-ß-sf-∏-‰n, kzm-X-¥y-sØ-∏-‰n,Po-hn-X-sØ-∏-‰n \-ap-°p-≈ ]-e k-¶¬-∏-ß-sf-bpw Io-gv-ta¬ a-dn-®p-I-f-™p. kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚ ]p-Xn-b A-S-bm-f-߃ tI-c-fo-b¿-°v \¬-Ip-I-bm-Wv _-jo¿ I-Y-Iƒ sN-bv-X-Xv. kv-t\-l-Øn-\v F-X h¿-W-ß-fp-≠v F-∂v"_m-ey-Im-e k-Jn'bpw "a-Xn-ep-I-fpw]-Xp-s° ]-d-bp-tºmƒ kv-t\-lw F-X ITn-\-am-sW-∂v t]-a-te-J-\-Øn¬_-jo¿ D-d-s°-∏-d-bp-∂p. s]-Æn-s‚B-bn-cw U-_nƒ Iq-c-lr-Z-bw!' F-∂m-Wv.
tI-i-h≥-\m-b-sc-∂ bp-hm-hv km-dm-Ω F-∂ bp-h-Xn-bn¬ A-\p-c-‡-\m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv "t]-a-te-J-\'Øn-se C-Xn-hr-Øw. c-≠p I-Ym-]m-X-߃ am-X-ap-≈ \n¿-tZm-j--am-b -en-X-c-kw Hm-tcm ]p-d-Øpw Xp-fp-ºp-∂ C-Xp-t]m-sem-cp sN-dp-Ir-Xn A-°m-e-sØ-ßpwa-e-bm-fn-Iƒ hm-bn-°m≥ kw-K-Xn-bm-bn- n-√. Np-Ω A-ßv C-cp-∂pw In-S-∂pw\-S-∂p-sam-s° kv-t\-ln-®m¬ t]m-sc?A-ß-s\ kv-t\-ln-°p-∂ tPm-en km-dm-Ω-bv-°v X-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-Ø _-jo¿ X-s‚ s\-©p-sIm-≠v X-s‚ hm-Iy-߃-s°m-≠v X-s‚ `m-j-sIm-≠vkv-t\-l-sØ ]m¿-Y-\-sb Po-hn-X-sØA-f-∂ H-cm-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠v H-cp h-en-b _-jo-dm-bn \mw A-dn-bm-sX kv-t\-ln-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. _-lp-am-\n-°p-∂p.t]-a-te-J-\-Øn-se tI-i-h≥ \m-b¿kv-t\-lw In- m-sX h-∂-t∏mƒ th-sdm-cp h-gn-X-s∂ I-≠p-]n-Sn-®p. ""C-hn-sSRm≥ sI- n-Øq-ßn-®m-Ipw. N-Øp Xq-ßn-°n-S-°p-tºmƒ Im-en¬ h-en-b H-cp I-S-em-kv F-gp-Xn Xq-°n-bn-cn-°pw:tem-I-ta F-s‚ a-c-W-hpw Iq-c-lr-Z-b-bm-b km-dm-Ω-bp-am-bn bm-sXm-cp _-‘-hp-an-√!..''
km-dm-Ω-bv-°p-th-≠nN-Ø tI-i-h≥F-∂v,]m-h-Øm≥ (H-∏v)
i-aw Iq-Sm-sX-bp-≈ ssi-en-bpwkm-am-\y-ß-fm-b kw- -h-ß-sf-°q-Sn c-k-I-c-hpw B-I¿-j-I-hp-am-°p-∂ ]-Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-bpw _-jo¿ I-Y-I-sf k-Po-h-ß-fm-°p-∂ I-em-kr-jv-Sn-I-fm-°p-∂p. "sk-°≥-Uv lm≥-Uv' F-∂ I-Y-bn¬ am-Xm-hm-b im-c-Z F-∂ kv-Xo`q-X-kr-jv-Sn-bm-Ip-∂p. hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-sS]n-Xr-Xz-tØ-bpw am-Xr-Xz-tØ-bpw C-hn-sS tNm-Zyw sN-ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. C-hn-sStKm-]n-\m-Y≥ F-∂ ]-Xm-[n-]-cp-sS ap-dn-bn¬ A- n-bw-tX-Sn h-∂ im-c-Z-bv-°vA-bmƒ cm-Xn-bn¬ A- -bw sIm-Sp-°p-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w im-c-Z-bn¬ kp-µ-c-am-bB-flm-hn-s\-bpw Im-Wp-∂p. im-c-Z-sbHm-scm-‰ cm-Xn-sIm-≠v kv-t\-ln-°p-∂p.im-c-Z s]m- n-°-c-™p-sIm-≠v ]-d-™p:
""Rm≥ No-Ø kv-Xo-bm-Wv''tKm-]n-\m-Y≥ s]m- n-®n-cn-®p.kp-Zo¿-L-am-b \n-i-_v-Z-X-bv-°p-ti-
jw tKm-]n-\m-Y≥ tNm-Zn-®p.""F-∂n- v Ip-s™-hn-sS''""a-cn-®p-t]m-bn. Rm≥ A-hn-hm-ln-
X-bm-Wv.''""B a-\p-jy≥ F-hn-sS''˛ B a-
\p-jy≥ im-c-Z-sb D-t]-£n-®p. tKm-
]n-\m-Y-s‚ lr-Z-bw iq-\y-am-bn-cp-∂p.t]-a-an-√. A-h¿ c-Pn-kv-Sm¿ ap-ºm-sI`m-cym- ¿-Øm-°-∑m-cm-bn im-c-Z tKm-]n-\m-Y-s\ Cu-iz-c-s\-t∏m-se I-≠p-Po-hn-®p. Po-hn-X A-\p- -h-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂ A-\p-cm-K-Z¿-i-\-Øn-s‚ Cu am-‰w Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ km-am-\y-kz- m-h-am-Wv. kv-t\-l-sØ-°p-dn-®v hn-h-cn-°p-∂\-Ωp-sS t_m-[-ß-sf-√mw sX-‰n-°m≥_-jo¿ X-s‚ Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ i-an-°p-∂p-≠v. ]q-h≥-]-gw F-∂ I-Y _-jo¿-°-Y-I-fp-sS B-¥-cn-I-k-Ø ap-gp-h≥ Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂ a-t\m-l-c-am-b H-cp Zm-º-Xy-Øn-s‚ \¿-Ω-a-[p-c-am-b Nn-Xo-I-c-W-am-Wv. kv-Xo-]p-cp-j-_-‘-Øn-s‚k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ -C-hn-sS I-Ym-Im-c≥A-]-K-Yn-°p-∂p. ]q-h≥ ]-g-sØ-s®m-√n " - -dq-t°m' F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-am-Xn-cn A-Sn-In- p-I-bpw "`' "_p-kv-Iv' F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-am-Xn-cn C-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X P-ao-em-_o-_n H-º-Xp-X-h-W s]-‰p. A-_v-Zpƒ-Jm-Z¿ km-ln-_n-\pw h-f-sc h-b-km-bn. ]-s√m-s° t]m-bn. c-≠p-t]-cpw \-c-®p-Iq-\n. ]-Sp-In-g-h-\pwIn-g-hn-bpw a-°-fpw a-°-fp-sS a-°-fp-am-bn A-ß-s\ I-gn-™p-h-cn-I-bm-sW-
Po-hn-X-sØ a-‰m¿-°pw I-gn-™n- n-√m-Ø-co-Xn-bn¬t\m-°n-°m-Wp-hm-\pw kv-t\-ln-°p-hm-\pwI-g-n-™ A-km-[m-c-W ]-Xn-`-bm-bn-cp-∂p _-jo¿.
26 THE POWER WAVES l July 2017
¶n-epw A-_v-Zpƒ-Jm-Z¿ km-ln-_v Nn-cn-®p-sIm-≠v P-ao-em-_o-hn-tbm-Sv tNm-Zn-°pw:î
""a-lm-dm-Wn! .... ]-≠p \o ]q-h≥-]-gw th-W-sa-∂p ]-d-™-t∏mƒ cm-Xn ]p-g \o-¥n Rm-s\-¥m sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv?''
P-ao-em-_o-_n Nn-cn-®p-sIm-≠v ]-d-bpw:
""]q-h≥ ]-gw''aq-∏¿ tNm-Zn-°pw""A-sX-ß-s\ C-cp-∂p?''aq-∏-Øn ]-d-bpw""Hm-d-©p-t]m-se D-cp-≠v''B-flm¿-Y-X-bp-sS B¿-÷-h-am¿-
∂ e-fn-X-a-t\m-⁄-am-b ssi-en-hn-ti-jw-sIm-≠v A-\p-K-lo-\-am-Wv "]q-h≥-]-gw' F-∂ I-Y.
_-jo¿ k-©-cn-®n-cp-∂ tem-Iw Zm-cn-Zy-Øn-t‚-bpw D-∑m-Z-Øn-t‚-Xpw hn-i-∏n-t‚-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. hn-i-∏v H-cp A-\p- -h-am-sW-∂pw hn-i-∏v H-cp Im-e-L--Øn-s‚ A-\p- -h-am-sW-∂pw hn-i-∏n-
s‚ \o-‰-epw ]p-I-®n-epw A-\p- -hn-®n-´p-≈-h¿-°p am-X-ta A-dn-bq. hn-i-°p-tºmƒ h-b-dv h-ep-Xm-Ip-sa-∂pw hn-i-°p-tºmƒ h-b-dv B-Im-i-am-Ip-sa-∂pwC-∂v ]-e¿-°pw A-dn-bn-√. ]-t£ _-jo-dn-\-dn-bmw. C-t∂m¿-°p-tºmƒ -en-X-am-bn tXm-∂p-∂ Po-hn-X-Øn-seh-en-b k-Xy-ß-fm-Wv B F-gp-Øp-Im-c≥ \-sΩ A-dn-bn-®-Xv. A-\p- -h-Øn-s‚ ]p-\¿-\n¿-h-N-\-am-Wv _-jo¿ X-s‚ Ir-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS \n-c-¥-c-am-bn sN-bv-Xp-t]m-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. ""Po-hn-X-\n-g¬-∏m-Sp-Iƒ'' F-∂ Ir-Xn-bn-se \m-b¿ H-cpt\-c-sØ B-lm-c-Øn-\m-bn ]-e-tcm-Spw tI-W-t]-£n-°p-∂p-≠v. H- n-b h-b-dv X-S-hn-s°m-≠v ]-cn-`m-¥-am-b \-b-\-߃ D-b¿-Øn-s°m-≠v h-c-≠sXm-≠-bn-eq-sS ]-X-dp-∂ kz-c-Øn¬A-bmƒ bm-Nn-®p.
""F-\n-°p hn-i-°p-∂p. h-√-Xpw X-cn-I!''
Iq-c-X-tbm-sS P-\-߃ A-bm-sfB- n-tbm-Sn-®p.
""F-¥m-Sm \n-s‚ t]-cv?''""ap-l-Ω-Zv A-∫m-kv.'' ]-X-dn-s°m-
≠v B-bmƒ ]-d-™p.C≥-kv-s]-Iv-S-dp-sS tNm-Zy-ap-≠m-bn.""tam-jv-Sn-®n- p-t≠m-Sm?''A-bm-fp-sS c-≠p I-Æp-I-fn¬ \n-
-Øn¬ kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-Øn-s‚ A-·n-bpw a-\-kn¬ t]-dn _-jo¿ F-gp-Xn-b c-N-\-I-sf-√mw-X-s∂ N-cn-X-Øn-s‚H-tc-Sm-bn am-dp-∂p-≠v.
""\-ap-°v hm¿-W-®m-b-Øn-ep-≈ tb-ip-In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚ h-en-b m-h-\m-Nn-Xw.A-Xn-s‚ C-cp-h-i-ß-fn-em-bn c-≠v km-[m-c-W t^m-t´m; H-∂v £o-Wn-® ap-J-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b a-[y-h-b-kv-I≥, a-s‰m-∂v k-ar-≤-am-b Np-cp-f≥ ap-Sn-bpw ]p-©n-cn-Xq-Ip-∂ h-en-b I-Æp-I-fpw. A-ß-s\ ]-k-cn-t∏m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b kp-ap-J-\m-b bp-hm-hv Cu hn-[-Øn-em-Wv B-Zy-am-bn a-dn-bm-Ω Im-Wp-∂-Xv.''
am-Xr- q-an-sb kz-X-¥-bm-°m≥ ap-t∂m- p-h-∂ sN-dp-∏-°m¿ A-h-km-\wIm-cm-Kr-l-Øn-s‚ C-cpƒ-ap-dn-I-fn¬ _-‘n-°-s∏- p. A-h-cp-sS B-K-l-߃A-ß-s\ A-h-km-\n-®p. `m-h-\-bn¬A-h¿ sI- n-∏-Sp-Ø a-Wn-ku-[-߃bm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn-s‚ sIm-Sp-¶m-‰n¬ X-I¿-∂p Zq-fn-bm-bn-Øo¿-∂p F-∂v "H-cpP-bn¬-∏p-≈n-bp-sS Nn-Xw' F-∂ I-Y-bn¬ _-jo¿ ]-d-bp-∂p.
""k-tlm-Z-co \n-ß-sf-s∂ a-d-∂p-I-f-bp-I. h-e-t∏m-gpw \n-ß-sf-s‚ ho-´n¬ t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F-s‚ A-Ω-®n-tbm-Spw A-∏-®-t\m-Spw ]-d-b-WwA-hn-sS B C-cn-°p-∂ F-s‚ Nn-Xw\-in-∏n-®p-I-f-bp-hm≥.... Cu k-Xyw A-dn-bn-°-cp-Xv. F-s‚ ap-Sn A-[n-I-hpwsIm-gn-™p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. _m-°n-bp-≈-Xv \-c-®pw. F-\n-°v c-≠p I-Æp-Iƒ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C-t∏mƒ h-e-tØ-Xp am-X-ta-bp-≈p. Np-h-∂ Xp-dn-®v c-‡-\-£-Xw t]m-se....
aw-K-fm-iw-k-I-tfm-sS,\n-ß-fp-sS P-bn¬-∏p-≈n \-º¿
1051.''_-jo¿ A-\p- -hn-® th-Z-\-I-sf-
°p-dn-®pw cm-jv-So-b-Ø-S-hp-Im¿-°v A-\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-∂ Zp-cn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw a¿-±-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw "Hm¿-Ω-°p-dn-∏v' F-∂ ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬ hm-bn-°mw.
1994 Pq-sse 5 -\v _-jo¿ bm-X-bm-bn. ""kp-lv-dm, Rm≥ a-cn-®p-t]m-Ipw''F-∂p I-c-™ a-Po-Zn-s‚-bpw Po-hn-X-hy-Y-bp-sS k¿-K-[-\y-X-bp-sS hn-ßp-∂ "Ip-cp' Npw-_n-®p s]m- n-® "kp-lv-d'sb-∂ Im-ap-In-bp-sS-bpw im-¥-au-\-®n-d-In≥ Io-gn-se-Øn-bn- p-≠m-hpw _-jo¿, Xo¿-®.n
IY-]-d-bp-∂-XnepwIYm-]m-X-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw\n¿Æb coXnbpw \nb-ahpw Cu IrXn-bn¬Ct√-bn-√. Ime-L-´hpw ]›m-Ø-ehpw]®-Øp-≈≥ NmSp-∂-t]mse sX∂n-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
∂pw _m-jv-]w H-gp-In. hn-h-i-\m-bnA-bmƒ-]-d-™p: ""Rm≥ H-cn-°-epwtam-jv-Sn-®n- n-√. hn-i-∏n-s‚ ImTn-\ywsIm-≠v Rm≥ sN-bv-Xp-t]m-b-Xm-Wv.''hn-[n-bp-sS Iq-c-X-bn¬ D-K-am-b hn-i-∏n-s‚ ap-ºn¬ F-√mw a-d-∂p-t]m-b B-fm-Wv _-jo¿. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ c-N-\-I-fn¬ Nn-e-Xv sI- p-I-Y-I-fm-hmw. Nn-e-Xn¬ bm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn-s‚ Aw-i-ß-fp-≠m-hmw. b-Ym¿-∞yw F-∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xv B-fl-I-Ym-]-cw F-∂-Xn-\p k-am-\-am-Wv. _-jo¿ `m-j-bp-sS A-Xn-cp-Iƒ tX-Sn-t∏m-Ip-I-b-√ sN-bv-X-Xv. _-jo¿ A-\p- -h-Øn-s‚ A-Xn-cp-Iƒ tX-Sn-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. C-Xn¬ H-∂p k-©m-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. kzm-X-¥y-k-a-c-Pzm-e \m-Sm-sI D-b¿-∂n-∂ Im-e-L-