© Fraunhofer IPM / Folie 1
TE-Application-Workshop-2011; J. König
Overview of Fraunhofer IPM Activities in High Temperature Bulk Materials and Device Development
Jan D. König, K. Bartholomé, M. Jägle, H. BöttnerFraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM
Dept. Thermoelectrics and Integrated Sensor Systems
Freiburg, Germany
2011 Thermoelectrics Applications Workshop, Hotel Del Coronado, San Diego, CA, January 3-6
© Fraunhofer IPM / Folie 2
TE-Application-Workshop-2011; J. König
Content
Overview about Fraunhofer IPM
New funding situation in Germany
High temperature material and modules
Energy-autarkic sensors
Thermoelectric metrology
Summary
Co
nte
nt
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TE-Application-Workshop-2011; J. König
one of the leading organizations for application-oriented research in Europe
~13 000 number of employees
Fraunhofer has more than 80 research units, including 60 Fraunhofer Institutes in Germany.
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
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Fraunhofer IPM’s organization
Optical Measurementfor Production OFMDr. Heinrich Höfler
Inline Measurement Techniques IMTDr. Daniel Carl
Laser Distance Imaging LDIDr. Stefan Schwarzer
Optical Microstructure Techniques OMTDr. Dominik Giel
Railway Measurement BMTDr. Heinrich Höfler
Analytical MeasurementSystems AMS
Dr. Armin Lambrecht
Terahertz Measurementand Systems TMS
Prof. Dr. René Beigang
Thermoelectrics andIntegrated Sensor Systems TES
Dr. Harald Böttner
New Technologies and Patents NTPHolger Kock
Quality Management QMDr. Arno Feißt
Administration and Infrastructure VIDJörg Walter
Executive director: Prof. Dr. Elmar WagnerDeputy director: Dr. Heinrich Höfler
Integrated Sensor Systems ISSProf. Dr. Jürgen Wöllenstein
High Temperature Thermoelectrics HTTDipl. Phys. J. König
Energy Harvesting, E-Mobility ESEDr. Kilian Bartholomé
Thin Film and Metrology DMTEDipl. Phys. M- Jägle
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Starting Point of thermoelectrics at Fraunhofer IPMChalcogenides: From MIR-laser to thermoelectricity
wavelength
wave number
contacts
PbTe
8 mm
Fh IPM 1989
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Thermoelectricity at Fraunhofer IPM
n/p-„Bi2Te3“First Si-wafer basedmodule fabrcation basedon Bi2Te3
1998-
2006
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Thermoelectrics at Fraunhofer IPMConverters for power generation and cooling
High-Temperature and Nano materials
Simulation
System technology
Development of production process
Measuring station for materials
Residual heat
Automobile
Large-scale facilities
Energy-autarkic sensors
Monitoring of structures
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Content
Overview about Fraunhofer IPM
New funding situation in Germany
High temperature material and modules
Energy-autarkic sensors
Thermoelectric metrology
Summary
Co
nte
nt
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New funding situation in GermanyEnergy Technology Perspectives: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050
“… Guidelines for a clean, reliable and affordable energy supply by the year 2050 are to be outlined in an energy concept. The aim of the energy concept is to provide a road map towards the era of renewable energies. In future, Germany aims to rank amongst the world's most energy-efficient and environmentally friendly national economies, offering competitive energy prices and a high level of prosperity. …”
Joint press release 2010-8-30
R. Brüderle, Federal Minister of Economics and Technology N. Röttgen, Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
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Technologies for energy harvesting:1. Thermoelectricity 2. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) 3. Kalina Cycle4. Heat exchanger5. Industrial heat pumps
Recommendations for public R&D funding:• Evaluation of usable waste heat source• New thermoelectric materials• Industrial production technologies for thermoelectric
generators• Improvement of heat exchanger• New concepts for ORC• New refrigeration substances for heat cycle
Result:public R&D isimpotant
New funding situation in GermanyEnergy Technology Perspectives: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050: Energy efficiency in Industry
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2008-2013
Funding(M€)
Project volume
DFG(German Research Society)
8.7 8.7
BMBF ScientificFed. Min. of Education andResearch
5.5 5.5
BMBF AppliedFed. Min. of Education andResearch
25 40
BMWIFed. Min. of Economics andTechnology
11 19
======= =======
total 50.2 73.2
New funding situation in Germany
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2008-2013
Funding(M€)
Project volume
DFG(German Research Society)
8.7 8.7
BMBF ScientificFed. Min. of Education andResearch
5.5 5.5
BMBF AppliedFed. Min. of Education andResearch
25 40
BMWIFed. Min. of Economics andTechnology
11 19
======= =======
total 50.2 73.2
*Designed byA. Jacquot
New funding situation in Germany
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EU FP 7 NMP.2010.1.2-3 Thermoelectric energy (TE) converters based on nanotechnologyaspects of the manufactured nanoparticles as well as the composites that would be part of the researched TE converters.Expected impact : through improved TE materials
??? proposals, 4 funded,all contracts are currently under negotiation no additional information about contents
• NANOHIGHTECH• THERMOMAG• NEAT• NEXTEG
ESA / ESTEC starts with thermoelectric
Thermoelectric Research in EU
FUNDING 13-14 Mio € > 20 Mio € project volume
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Automotive industry (W to kW)
Driving force
Energy efficiency, waste heat recovery
Thermoelectric as a chance for better energy efficiency
demand on high temperaturematerials, modules, systems
Key account
Rising market
Energy self powered systems (μW to mW)
New funding situation in Germany
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Content
Overview about Fraunhofer IPM
New funding situation in Germany
High temperature material and modules
Energy-autarkic sensors
Thermoelectric metrology
Summary
Co
nte
nt
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Half-Heusler Skutterudite
SilicideChalcogenides
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMHigh temperature materials
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Spark plasma sintering
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMmaterial synthesis
2 zone annealing setup
Synthesis from melt
Milling / mechanical alloying
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Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMcontact development
metal – TE – metal – TE – metalBad contacts
Goodcontacts
Res
ista
nce
[a.
u.]
Res
ista
nce
[a.
u.]
distance [a.u.]
distance [a.u.]
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12
435
position0 1 2 3 4 50,00,51,01,52,02,53,03,54,04,55,0
Mod
ule
heig
ht [m
m]
position
M 73 M 74 M 75 M 77 M 78 M 79 M 80 M 81 M 82 M 83 M 84 M 85 M 86 M 87 M 88 M 89 M 90 M 91 M 93
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMmodule fabrication
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Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMmodule characterisation
TCold : 0°C – 130°C
THot : RT– 600°C (700°C)
In-situ pressuredistribution measurement
IR-Thermography
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Content
Overview about Fraunhofer IPM
New funding situation in Germany
High temperature material and modules
Energy-autarkic sensors
Thermoelectric metrology
Summary
Co
nte
nt
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TEG
Sensor+RFID
Thermal conductor
Source: EADS
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMEnergy-autarkic sensors
Out
put p
ower
[mW
]
Structure control in airplanes
~8mW output power with a 10g system
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Source: E.G.O.
TEG
transmitter
Temperature-sensor
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMEnergy-autarkic sensors
insertion thermometerfor cooking and foodcontrol
M. Jägle
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Content
Overview about Fraunhofer IPM
New funding situation in Germany
High temperature material and modules
Energy-autarkic sensors
Thermoelectric metrology
Summary
Co
nte
nt
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Ther
mo
elec
tric
met
rolo
gy
0 400 800 12000,0
0,4
0,8
1,2Si-Ge
(Pb,Sn)-(Te,Se)
(Bi,Sb)2-(Te,Se)3
Bi-Sb
type n type p
ZT
Temperature [K]
400 600 8000
100
200
Seeb
eck
coef
ficie
nt [µ
V.K
-1]
Temperature [K]
400 600 8000
1000
2000
Elec
tric
al c
ondu
ctiv
ity [S
/cm
]
Temperature [K]
400 600 8001,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Ther
mal
con
d. [W
.m-1.K
-1]
Temperature [K]
2ST
ZT
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMThermoelectric Metrology
ZT-meter
Combined measurements of all TE-properties up to 600°C
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Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMThermoelectric Metrology
In-line material control for large scale TEGproduction
Seebeck-coefficient and electrical conductivity
High through-put
Autoscreen-System
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Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMThermoelectric Metrology
Bulk and thin film measurement setup
Seebeck-coefficient and electrical conductivity
Rectangular and round sample shape
Temperature range 300K-900K
Fraunhofer IPM-SRX
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300 400 500 600 700 800 900
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
S
V.K
- 1]
T[K]
[µ
.cm
]
Validation with Nickel
and , our measurement. and , data of Burkov et al.
data of Nemschenko et al.data of Beylin et al
Fraunhofer IPM-SRX
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMThermoelectric Metrology
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ZEM-3:
IPM-SRX:
Thermoelectric at Fraunhofer IPMThermoelectric Metrology
Comparison of different measurement setups
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New Project: ThermoElectric-Standardisation „TESt“
Start date: 01.01.2011
Thermoelectric StandardisationThermoelectric Metrology
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Thermoelectric StandardisationThermoelectric Metrology
High temperature materials & thermoelectric generator
Si-Ge
Fe-Si
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Thermoelectric StandardisationThermoelectric Metrology
TESt
Public funded procejcts in Germany
German Thermoelectric
Society
EURAMET
International Thermoelectric
Society
EuropeanThermoelectric
Society
Round Robin Tests
High temperature materials
And
thermoelectric generator
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PbTe nanodotsIPM Freiburg
Thermoelectricity at Fraunhofer IPM -materials, modules, systems and metrology