3
SUMMARY
You can ditch your cable,
satellite, or phone company's
expensive television service by
receiving high definition
television stations over-the- air
for free (= "cord cutting").
4
TOPICS
• Television Systems Around the
World
• ATSC Basics
• Implementing Over-The-Air
Television At Your Home
• Internet-based Site Survey
5
TOPICS (continued)
• Antenna Basics
• Antenna Placement
Complexities
• "Do It Yourself" Stick Antennas
• "Do It Yourself" Array Antennas
6
TOPICS (continued)
• Antennas Direct's
"Clearstream Eclipse"
Amplified Antenna
• Mohu's "Sky 60" Amplified
Antenna
• Hauppauge 1191 WinTV-HVR-
950Q USB TV Tuner
7
TV STANDARDS AROUND THE
WORLD
• Most of the world does not use the
"ATSC" television standard that we
use in the United States, Canada,
and Mexico as shown in the colored
map at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVB-
T#Countries_and_territories_using_D
VB-T
9
TV STANDARDS AROUND THE
WORLD (continued)• "DTMB"
= "Digital Terrestrial Multimedia
Broadcast"
(Mainland China and Cuba)
• "ISDB-T"
= "Brazilian Digital Television
System"
(South America and Central America)
10
TV STANDARDS AROUND THE WORLD
(continued)• "DVB-T"
= "Digital Video Broadcasting -
Terrestrial"
(Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia)
• "DVB-T"
is also called "DTT" in Germany
(= "Digital Terrestrial Television")
• "DVB-T"
is also called "Freeview"
in the United Kingdom
11
TV STANDARDS AROUND THE
WORLD (continued)
• When buying television equipment
online or downloading television
software for a computer, tablet, or
cell phone, it is easy to accidently
end up with equipment or software
that is not compatible with the ATSC
television systems here in the United
States
12
TV STANDARDS AROUND THE
WORLD (continued)
• If a television device or software
does not have "ATSC" in it's
specifications, it will not work
here in the United States
15
ATSC
• "ATSC" stands for
"Advanced Television Systems
Committee" and it is sometimes
called "digital television"
• The former "NTSC" standard
stood for "National Television
Systems Committee" and it was
often called "analog television"
16
ATSC (continued)
• According to
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT
SC_standards
ATSC replaced much of the
analog NTSC television
system in the United States on
June 12, 2009..
17
ATSC (continued)
• On September 1, 2015, all
remaining low-powered NTSC
television stations in the
United States were either
turned off or converted to low-
powered ATSC television
stations.
18
ATSC (continued)• ATSC uses
8VSB
(8-level vestigial sideband
modulation)
In some software, "8VSB" is used
as a configuration selection instead
of "ATSC" so be sure to select
"8VSB", if you are given a choice
when configuring a TV or software
19
ATSC (continued)
• Dash nomenclature in FCC
assigned call signs
-TV means "television station"
-LP means "low power station"
-CA means "Class A low power"
-DT means "digital television"
-HD means "high definition"
-SD means "standard definition"
20
ATSC (continued)• RF channel number
and
RF channel frequency
and
FCC assigned call sign (K* or W*)
and
FCC assigned virtual channel
number (= PSIP channel number)
are the same for all sub-channels
21
ATSC (continued)
• "PSIP" means
"Program and System
Information Protocol"
This information consists of a set
of tables that is constantly
transmitted by every ATSC
television transmitter.
22
ATSC (continued)
• The "PSIP virtual channel" and the
"PSIP virtual subchannel" is
displayed by set top boxes, TVs, and
software in one of four formats:
12.1, 12-1, 12-001, or 12001
• When television viewers say
"channel", they usually mean the
"PSIP virtual channel" and the "PSIP
virtual subchannel"
23
ATSC (continued)
• The "PSIP Short Name"
is usually also displayed by set top
boxes, TVs, and software:
Can be up to 7 characters.
Some software and some of the
cheaper set top boxes display the
"PSIP short name" in the channel
field or instead of the "PSIP channel
and PSIP subchannel"
24
IMPLEMENTING OVER-THE-AIR
TELEVISION AT YOUR HOME• Step 1:
Internet-based site survey
• Step 2:
Pilot test of actual television reception
• Step 3:
Procure equipment and software
• Step 4:
Install and configure equipment and
software
25
STEP 1 DETAILS
: INTERNET-BASED SITE SURVEY
• Start off by getting a "short list"
of viable television channels at
http://antennaweb.org/Address
31
STEP 1 DETAILS:
INTERNET-BASED SITE SURVEY
• At http://antennaweb.org/Address
the color code for each of the listed
stations represents the type of
outdoor antenna that is required as
described at
http://antennaweb.org/Info/AntennaIn
fo:
34
STEP 1 DETAILS: INTERNET-BASED
SITE SURVEY (continued)
• Then, get more details for your
specific location by running the
more-elaborate site surveys at
http://copradar.com/dtv/index.html
or
http://www.tvfool.com/index.php?opti
on=com_wrapper&Itemid=29
35
STEP 1 DETAILS: INTERNET-BASED
SITE SURVEY (continued)
• http://copradar.com/dtv/index.html
only shows the
"PSIP virtual channel" for each
television station that you can
receive.
They call the "PSIP virtual
channel" the "TV Channel":
36
STEP 1 DETAILS: INTERNET-BASED
SITE SURVEY (continued)
• http://copradar.com/dtv/index.html
only shows the true heading for
each television transmitter.
After they show you a list of
television stations, click twice on
heading of the "Signal" column to
sort from strongest to weakest.
37
STEP 1 DETAILS: INTERNET-BASED
SITE SURVEY (continued)
• http://copradar.com/dtv/index.html
gives you a more accurate and more
up-to-date listing of "PSIP virtual
channels" relative to
http://www.tvfool.com/index.php?opti
on=com_wrapper&Itemid=29
42
STEP 1 DETAILS: INTERNET-BASED
SITE SURVEY (continued)
• http://www.tvfool.com/index.php?
option=com_wrapper&Itemid=29
only shows the "PSIP virtual
channel" and the first "PSIP
virtual sub-channel" of each
television station that you can
receive.
43
STEP 1 DETAILS: INTERNET-BASED
SITE SURVEY (continued)
• http://www.tvfool.com/index.php?opti
on=com_wrapper&Itemid=29
shows both the true heading and the
magnetic compass heading for each
television transmitter.
The list of television stations is
automatically sorted by their estimate
of signal strength:
48
STEP 2 DETAILS: PILOT TEST
• Borrow or rent a television set (or a computer with a television tuner) and perform an on-site pilot test to check television reception at your location.
• Build a simple "stick antenna" if you do not already have an existing television antenna.
49
ANTENNA BASICS
• Place the antenna on the side
of your house that is nearest
the transmitters of the
television stations that you
wish to receive.
50
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• With the exception of the
simple stick antenna (which
you can build), most antennas
are directional (even if the
manufacturer claims that it is
omnidirectional)
51
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• Use the RF channel of a
television station instead of the
(displayed) virtual channel to
determine if you need an antenna
that emphasizes VHF or UHF
reception:
52
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• If your antenna comes with an
amplifier or you add an amplifier
to an existing antenna, the
amplifier needs to be placed as
close as possible to the antenna
(with as short a run of coaxial
cable between the antenna and
the amplifier as possible)
53
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• Use RG 6 coaxial cable instead
of RG 59 coaxial cable, since
RG 6 has much lower signal loss
55
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)• When your power adapter or your
cable going to your power adapter
or your amplifier (if there is one)
fails, you will be unable to receive
any television channels.
However, you can use the antenna
without the amplifier as follows
(while waiting for replacement
parts to arrive):
56
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• Using your amplified antenna
without the amplifier will usually
reduce the number of television
channels that you can receive:
58
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• For each "channel", your television
set needs to receive a signal from
-5 dBm to -65 dBm
("dBm" =
"decibels relative to a milliwatt")
The following chart can be found at
http://copradar.com/dtv/index.html#
install:
60
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• The channel listing tool at
http://www.tvfool.com/index.php?
option=com_wrapper&Itemid=29
will show you an estimate of the
dBm value for each television
station that you can receive at
your location.
62
ANTENNA BASICS (continued)
• The size and design complexity
of an antenna is more
important than whether on not
it has an amplifier:
• To illustrate this, look at
Antenna Direct's line of
antennas:
75
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
COMPLEXITIES
• According to
http://www.hdtvprimer.com/antenna
s/siting.html:
76
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
COMPLEXITIES (continued)
• <start of quote>:
Diffraction is the ability of a wave to
bend around into the shadow formed
by an obstruction. It doesn’t matter
whether it is an absorbing or
reflecting obstruction. Most OTA
viewers depend on diffraction for their
reception:
<end of quote>
77
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
COMPLEXITIES (continued)
• Tangent (opposite over adjacent) of
0.025 for 40 mile distance
and a 1 mile high antenna site:
Result =1.43 degrees
Reference:
http://www.rapidtables.com/calc/mat
h/Tan_Calculator.htm
78
40 Miles distance to Mount Wilson
Location of television set in mid-Orange County
Television transmitter altitude is 1 mile upat Mount Wilson
adjacent side of triangle
opposite side
Upward slope of 1.43 degrees
79
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
COMPLEXITIES (continued)
• At the very shallow slope of travel of
1.43 degrees, when the antenna is
placed below the prevailing roof
height of your neighborhood, the
signal then has to travel through
dozens of houses before getting a
clean path to Mount Wilson
80
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
COMPLEXITIES (continued)
• The Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) has their own
mapping and channel listing tool at
http://transition.fcc.gov/mb/engineerin
g/dtvmaps/
that we can use for illustrate the
shallow slope of travel for television
stations:
88
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
COMPLEXITIES (continued)
• Use the + button to zoom in
• Select satellite view from the pull-
down in the upper-right corner of
the map
• Click on the call sign of a television
station
• A black line shows the "line of sight"
path from the transmitter:
98
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
• 15 Mt. Wilson/Mt. Harvard
television stations received in
Huntington Beach, California:
99
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• Virtual channel 2.x KCBS-HD
• Virtual channel 4.x KNBC
• Virtual channel 5.x KTLA
• Virtual channel 9.x KCAL-TV
• Virtual channel 13.x KCOP-TV
• Virtual channel 18.x KSCI
100
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• Virtual channel 28.x KCET
• Virtual channel 34.x KMEX-DT
• Virtual channel 40.x KTBN-TV
• Virtual channel 44.x KXLA
• Virtual channel 46.x KFTR-DT
• Virtual channel 50.x KOCE-TV
101
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• Virtual channel 52.x KVEA
• Virtual channel 58.x KLCS
• Virtual channel 63.x KBEH
105
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• Remove the F-connector from
one end of a RG6 coaxial cable
• Remove 36-inches of outer
insulation
• Remove 36-inches of braided
shield
• Remove 36-inches of foil shield
106
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• Remove 35 inches of insulation
from the center conductor
• Make sure that the braided shield
and the foil shield do not touch
the center conductor
• Attach something to the end for
safety to prevent poking
someone in the eye
107
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• Lowest possible cost
• This antenna is multidirectional
and does not have to be
pointed toward the television
transmitters
108
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• At less than 15 miles from a
television transmitter, anything
else is probably overkill
• At greater than 15 miles from
the transmitter, this antenna
will fail to pick up the weaker
TV stations
109
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)
• Easiest antenna to conceal in
a window
• Use this antenna as a baseline
for evaluating other antennas
110
"DO IT YOURSELF" STICK ANTENNA
(continued)• Use this antenna as a baseline
for evaluating other antennas:
Since this antenna is not
amplified and has no technical
complexity, it will not have
designed-in failures to receive
specific RF television
channels.
111
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS
• This "bow tie antenna" is a
popular home-built antenna
that we found in the attics of
several homes while we were
house hunting in Orange
County in 2013:
112
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS
• All of the "elements" of this
antenna should be 8-inches in
length and the adjacent tips
should all be 3-inches apart
from each other
113
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS
• The elements can be made from
electrical wire or coat hangers.
If you use coat hangers, you
have to use sandpaper or paint
remover to remove the finish from
the center of each v-shaped
element.
116
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• For detailed instructions and
designs for making a bow tie
antenna from wires, see
http://www.popularmechanics.
com/culture/tv/how-
to/a6608/build-your-own-
digital-tv-antenna/
117
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• Or see
http://www.diytvantennas.com/
bowtie.php
• Or see
http://m4antenna.eastmasonvil
leweather.com/
118
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• Or see
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag
/ditch-cable-diy-hdtv-antenna/
121
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• For instructions on making a
bow tie antenna from
aluminum foil, see
http://hubpages.com/art/make-
this-powerful-hdtv-antenna-
out-of-cardboard
122
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• Or see
http://www.instructables.com/id
/Powerful-Modern-Homemade-
HDTV-Antenna/
123
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• For additional antenna
designs, see
http://www.diytvantennas.com/i
ndex.php
and
http://www.diytvantennas.com/
dipole.php
124
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• and
http://www.diytvantennas.com/
sbgh.php
125
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• All of these antennas require a
balun matching transformer
such as the RCA model
VH54R:
129
"DO IT YOURSELF" ARRAY
ANTENNAS (continued)
• See http://www.amazon.com/RCA-
VH54R-Matching-Transformer--
VH54R/dp/B00005T3EY/ref=sr_1_4?
ie=UTF8&qid=1458611243&sr=8-
4&keywords=balun+for+antenna
130
ANTENNAS DIRECT
"CLEARSTREAM ECLIPSE"
• 25 Mt. Wilson/Mt. Harvard stations
received in Huntington Beach,
California
• In the following list of television
stations, the ones that we were
unable to receive by means of the
unamplified stick antenna are in
red font:
131
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)• Virtual channel 2.x KCBS-TV
• Virtual channel 4.x KNBC
• Virtual channel 5.x KTLA
• Virtual channel 7.x KABC-TV
• Virtual channel 9.x KCAL-TV
• Virtual channel 11.x KTTV
• Virtual channel 13.x KCOP-TV
132
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)• Virtual channel 18.x KSCI
• Virtual channel 20.x KNLA-CD
• Virtual channel 22.x KWHY-TV
• Virtual channel 25.x KNET-CD
• Virtual channel 28.x KCET
• Virtual channel 30.x KPXN-TV
• Virtual channel 34.x KMEX-DT
133
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)
• Virtual channel 35.x KTAV-LD
• Virtual channel 40.x KTBN-TV
• Virtual channel 44.x KXLA
• Virtual channel 46.x KFTR-DT
• Virtual channel 50.x KOCE-TV
• Virtual channel 52.x KVEA
• Virtual channel 57.x KJLA
134
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)
• Virtual channel 58.x KLCS
• Virtual channel 62.x KRCA
• Virtual channel 63.x KBEH
• Virtual channel 64.x KILM
138
ANTENNAS DIRECT
"CLEARSTREAM ECLIPSE"
(continued)
Many rave reviews:
• http://thewirecutter.com/reviews/b
est-indoor-hdtv-antenna/
• http://www.businessinsider.com/b
est-hdtv-antenna-indoor-buying-
guide-2016-2
139
ANTENNAS DIRECT
"CLEARSTREAM ECLIPSE"
• http://the-
gadgeteer.com/2014/09/29/clearst
ream-eclipse-hdtv-amplified-
indoor-antenna-review/
• http://www.gadgetreview.com/free
-tv-is-the-best-tv-so-says-the-
clearstream-eclipse-amplified-
indoor-tv-antenna
140
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)
• Has a "lifetime" warranty which
implies a warranty without an
expiration date
• Failed after one week of use
(and we returned it to Amazon
when it's amplifier apparently
failed")
141
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)
• This antenna is truly
multidirectional and does not have
to be pointed toward the television
transmitter.
142
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)
• Smallest possible design for an
amplified antenna:
Easy to conceal in a window
143
ANTENNAS DIRECT "CLEARSTREAM
ECLIPSE" (continued)
• Works horribly when the bundled
amplifier is not installed:
Unable to simulate a simple,
unamplified stick antenna when
the bundled amplifier is not
installed
144
MOHU "SKY 60"
• 25 Mt. Wilson/Mt. Harvard ATSC
television stations received in
Huntington Beach, CA:
• In the following list of television
stations, the ones that we were
unable to receive by means of the
unamplified stick antenna are in
red font:
145
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Virtual channel 2.x KCBS-TV
• Virtual channel 4.x KNBC
• Virtual channel 5.x KTLA
• Virtual channel 7.x KABC-TV
• Virtual channel 9.x KCAL-TV
• Virtual channel 11.x KTTV
• Virtual channel 13.x KCOP-TV
146
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Virtual channel 18.x KSCI
• Virtual channel 20.x KNLA-CD
• Virtual channel 22.x KWHY-TV
• Virtual channel 25.x KNET-CD
• Virtual channel 28.x KCET
• Virtual channel 30.x KPXN-TV
• Virtual channel 34.x KMEX-DT
147
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Virtual channel 35.x KTAV-LD
• Virtual channel 40.x KTBN-TV
• Virtual channel 44.x KXLA
• Virtual channel 46.x KFTR-DT
• Virtual channel 50.x KOCE-TV
• Virtual channel 52.x KVEA
• Virtual channel 57.x KJLA
148
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Virtual channel 58.x KLCS
• Virtual channel 62.x KRCA
• Virtual channel 63.x KBEH
• Virtual channel 64.x KILM
154
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Many of their "marketing" claims
(at gomohu.com and amazon.com
for this antenna are totally
erroneous and ludicrous) and
these claims detract from the end
user's perception of an otherwise
great product:
155
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• <Start of quote:> Free TV For Life:
60 mile range HDTV Antenna to
access High Definition Over-the-
Air TV channels without a cable or
satellite subscription, including
ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, Fox,
Univision and more
156
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Crystal-Clear TV for Free:
CleanPeak Filter technology filters
out cellular and FM signals
resulting in low noise, a clearer
picture and access to more free
hdtv channels in 1080 HD
157
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• A Completely New Take on the
Roof Top / Attic Mounted HDTV
Antenna: derived from advanced
US military technology,...
158
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• TV Antenna comes with a 1-
year Warranty. Email us at
[email protected] for help
setting up your product. You can
also visit www.gomohu.com or call
1-855-4GOMOHU (855-446-6648)
<end of quote>
159
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• See
http://www.k3dav.com/mohusky60
antenna.htm
for a very negative review of this
antenna
160
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Fairly large-sized relative to other
amplified antennas:
Hard to conceal in a window
161
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• Works well when the bundled
amplifier is not installed:
This antenna is able to simulate a
simple, unamplified stick antenna
when the bundled amplifier is not
installed. (In contrast, the Antenna
Specialists "Eclipse" is unable to
do so.)
162
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• The manufacturer claims that this
antenna is multidirectional.
However, when we turned the
"front" side away from the
television transmitter site, we lost
reception from three of the
television transmitters on Mount
Wilson.
163
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)
• (In contrast, the Antenna
Specialist "Eclipse" is a truly
multidirectional antenna.)
164
MOHU "SKY 60" (continued)• Mixed reviews at Amazon are
probably due to the relatively high
price compared to other models
both by Mohu and by competitors:
http://www.amazon.com/Mohu-
Lightweight-Detachable-
Performance-MH-110585/product-
reviews/B00AVWKUXE?pageNum
ber=2
165
INTERFERENCE ISSUES OF
MULTIPLE ANTENNAS
• When we placed next the Mohu "Sky
60" near an Antennas Direct
"Clearstream Eclipse" antenna, the
two antennas interfered with each
other unless we provided at least 11
inches of separation between the
edges of the two antennas AND kept
them in the same vertical radius
relative to the earth.
166
INTERFERENCE ISSUES OF
MULTIPLE ANTENNAS (continued)
• When we placed the Mohu antenna
above the "Eclipse" antenna (with
11 inches of separation), both
antennas worked well when we
turned to "SkyHD" horizontal
relative to the ground and the
"Eclipse" was in its normal vertical
orientation.
167
HAUPPAUGE 1191 WinTV-HVR-950Q
USB TV Tuner• After extensive testing, we do not
recommend the newer
Hauppauge
1191 WinTV-HVR-955Q USB TV
tuner (for Windows.. computers)
• Buy the older Hauppauge
1191 WinTV-HVR-950Q USB TV
instead
168
HAUPPAUGE 1191 WinTV-HVR-950Q
USB TV Tuner (continued)• Compared to the
1191 WinTV-HVR-955Q USB TV, the
1191 WinTV-HVR-950Q USB TV
brings in more television channels
and shows them clearer
and is compatible with more free
"Personal Video Recorder" software
programs
and is compatible with more distributions
of "Linux".
169
HAUPPAUGE 1191 WinTV-HVR-950Q
USB TV Tuner (continued)
• Due to high demand, the Hauppauge
1191 WinTV-HVR-950Q USB TV
is being sold for outrageously high
prices by some of the "marketplace"
dealers on Amazon so you should
either shop very patiently and
carefully on Amazon or buy one
directly from the Hauppauge
company instead:
172
HAUPPAUGE 1191 WinTV-HVR-950Q
USB TV Tuner (continued)
• You can buy one for a reasonable
price directly from Hauppauge at
http://hauppauge.com/site/products/pr
ods.html
but they do not always have it in
stock so check them more than once
and you will eventually find one there.
175
REFERENCES
• https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/app
-notes/index.mvp/id/734
• http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Technology/T
V_Channels/8_Bit_VSB.pdf
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subch
annel
• http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/print-
edition/2015/06/12/antennas-direct.html
176
REFERENCES (continued)
• http://www.hdtvprimer.com/issues/what_is
_atsc.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-
definition_television_in_the_United_State
s
• http://www.hdtvprimer.com/antennas/sitin
g.html
• http://www.hdtvprimer.com/ISSUES/erecti
ng_antenna.html
177
REFERENCES (continued)
• http://mediashift.org/2015/04/5-tricks-for-
getting-the-best-possible-reception-with-
your-indoor-antenna/
• https://www.groundedreason.com/watch-
tv-free-antenna-guide/