UNW-DPC10-12 Nov.

2008

Knowledge & InformationKnowledge & Information as a as a basis to establish transboundary basis to establish transboundary cooperation: the experience cooperation: the experience of of

the North Western Sahara Aquifer the North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS)System (NWSAS)

UNW-DPC International WorkshopUNW-DPC International WorkshopInstitutional capacity Development in Institutional capacity Development in

Transboundary BasinsTransboundary BasinsBonn, 10-12 November 2008Bonn, 10-12 November 2008

Ousmane S. DIALLOCoordinator of the Water Programme

Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel (OSS)

UNW-DPC10-12 Nov.

2008

OUTLINE

1.Overview of the OSS & Water issues in the circum-Sahara

2.Key characteristics & issues of the NWSAS

3.Capacity in the context of IWRM

4.Knowledge & Information for transboundary cooperation

5.Lessons & Conclusion

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1. OSS & Water issues in the circum-Sahara

22 African countries in the circum-Sahara

5 countries from the North

4 African Sub-Regional Organisations (IGAD, UMA, CENSAD, CILSS)

International & UN Organisations

Civil Society

TheThe Circum-Sahara Circum-Sahara regionregion

Joint management of shared WR for economic integration & sustainaible development in Africa

NWSAS

IAS

IGAD

SMASTTAS

LCAS

Work in progress on major transboundary aquifers

Generating, Managing & Disseminatinginformation to support sustainable NRM

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2008

Less than 9% of total renewable WR are in Africa

More than 300 millions of people are water-stressed in Africa

Water is a mojor stake in the circum-SaharaWater stress

PNUE, 2008PNUE, 2008

Renewable water per capita

PNUE, 2008PNUE, 2008

But Africa is endowed with a huge potential of WR

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EnvironmentDegradationSustainability

Political & Institutional

ConflictCooperation

EconomicalFragmentationIntegration

Balance of compromises

A potential for cooperation & sustainable development

Objectives of transboundary cooperation

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2008

2. Key characteristics & issues of the NWSAS Aride to saharan climate

conditions Area: 1.03 million km2

Algeria: 700,000 km2

Libya: 250,000 km2

Tunisia: 80,000 km2

CI

CT

Fig. 1 : extension des formations du SASS

TC IC Increased & intensive

abstraction Rate: 1.5 km3/y

Major threats & risks Limited knowledge &

capacity WR: key developmental

resource for the countries

Need for joint management & cooperation

Superposition of 2 main deep aquifer layers

Reserves: 30 000 km3

Recharge rate: 1 km3/y

LivestockLivestock

TourismTourism

AgriculturAgriculturee

Water supplyWater supply

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2008

The Consultation Mechanism

Technical tools Technical tools updateupdate

Institutional Institutional dynamicsdynamics

Political Political agendaagenda

2007: - Agreement on the structure, operation & funding modalities;- Ownership by the three countries;- Coordination Unit (CU) hosted by OSS.

2008: - Establishment of the CU

2005: Ministerial declaration on the consultation mechanism

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2008

3. Capacity in the context of IWRMDefinitions:

Capacity: the ability of individuals, institutions and societies to perform functions, solve problems, & set & achieve objectives in a sustainable manner. (UNDP)

Capacity Development: the process through which individuals, organisations & societies obtain, strengthen and maintain the capabilities to set & achieve their own development objectives over time. (UNDP)

Political will and a strategic approach to address the issues of capacity building are essential. The biggest challenges that must be addressed to reach the African Water Vision (2025) and the MDGs is human & institutional capacity building (AMCOW, PNAFCOM 2003).

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Capacity required for sustainable joint management & development of shared WR based on IWRM:

- Technical:Technical: assesment/modeling, knowledge, M&E, information technology, hydrodynamics, infrastructure, utilities, geography, ecology, climate variability/change, link to national issues, etc.

- Institutional: strategic leadership, human resources, core resources, project & process management, external links, accountability & voice mechanisms, etc.

- Political: agreements, vision, joint development, integration, economy, hydrosolidarity, regulation, legislative, legal, etc.

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Institutional Capacity DevelopmentInstitutional Capacity underlies the institution’s

performance. Capacity is understood as the six interrelated areas below.

Strategic leadershi

p

Dimensions of

human resource

s

Core resource

s

Project/ Programm

e manageme

nt

Process manageme

nt

Interinstitu-tional

linkages

1

2

3

4

5

6

Interrelated areas

UNW-DPC10-12 Nov.

2008 Capacity Development steps in

NWSAS

CapacityCapacity TechnicalTechnical

Institu- Institu- tionaltional

PoliticaPoliticall

4. K.& I. for transboundary cooperation

1

2

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Knowledge improvement

RESULTS:RESULTS:

•Common mgt. tools Common mgt. tools & language & language • Understanding & Understanding & common vision common vision • Capacity to decide Capacity to decide & have common& have common solutionssolutions• Basin awarenessBasin awareness• CC: 1st step for CC: 1st step for adaptation strategyadaptation strategy

WHAT?WHAT?• • Water monitoring networksWater monitoring networks qty/qly; rech/absqty/qly; rech/abs• • Data & information mgnt.Data & information mgnt. system system • • Modeling: global & subModeling: global & sub -models -models • Training sessionsTraining sessionsWHY?WHY?• Assessment, hyrodynamicsAssessment, hyrodynamics• Accesible & reliable data, Accesible & reliable data, • System boudaries, scenarioSystem boudaries, scenario devpt., impacts, risksdevpt., impacts, risks• Data mgt. tools, dialogue, Data mgt. tools, dialogue, transboundary issuestransboundary issues

HOW?HOW?• Involvement of key Involvement of key stakeholders: commonstakeholders: common studies & surveys studies & surveys • • Development of mgt. toolsDevelopment of mgt. tools• • Training sessionsTraining sessions•• Scientific cooperationScientific cooperation

Technical Technical dimensiondimension

The case of the NWSAS

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2008

Joint management

of SWR

RESULTS:RESULTS:

•HR developed HR developed • Agreement onAgreement on structure & fundingstructure & funding modalities modalities • Improved legal &Improved legal &institutional context institutional context with enhanced with enhanced transparency & transparency & accountability accountability

WHAT?WHAT?• • Strategic leadershipStrategic leadership• • Dimensions of HRDimensions of HR• • Core resources Core resources • Project managementProject management• Process managementProcess management• Inter-institutional linkagesInter-institutional linkagesWHY?WHY?• Governance, StructureGovernance, Structure• HR needs, HR needs, •Infrastructure, TechnologyInfrastructure, Technology FinanceFinance• Planning, ImplementaionPlanning, Implementaion• M&E, CommunicationsM&E, Communications• Networks, Partnerships Networks, Partnerships

HOW?HOW?• Initial deliberation & talksInitial deliberation & talks• • Joint meetings (convergenceJoint meetings (convergence & consensus)& consensus)• • Capacity of national bodiesCapacity of national bodies

InstitutionInstitutional al

dimensiondimension

The case of the NWSAS

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2008

Transboundary cooperation

RESULTS:RESULTS:

• Political willPolitical will• MinisterialMinisterial DeclarationDeclaration• Full ownership: Full ownership: process driven byprocess driven by the countriesthe countries• Transboundary Transboundary cooperation in placecooperation in place

WHAT?WHAT?• • Political commitmentPolitical commitment• • Structure of the jointStructure of the joint management framework management framework • • Operation modalitiesOperation modalities• Funding modalitiesFunding modalitiesWHY?WHY?• Transboundary cooperationTransboundary cooperation• Governance of shared WRGovernance of shared WR• Agreement for equal invol-Agreement for equal invol- vement of the countriesvement of the countries• Facilitation of political willFacilitation of political will & action& action• Allocation of resourcesAllocation of resources

HOW?HOW?• Advocacy for joint Advocacy for joint managementmanagement• • Trust & ConfidenceTrust & Confidence• • Ministerial DeclarationMinisterial Declaration•• AgreementsAgreements

Political Political dimensiondimension

The case of the NWSAS

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5. Lessons and Conclusion1. In North Africa, GWR are crucial & strategic

resources.2. Knowledge improvement is a prerequisite for

the management of these resources.3. In TGWR, IWRM is essential to start with

technical consultation by developing monitoring & management tools.

4. Need to involve people affected by taking into consideration theirs concerns with the information they understand.

5. Progress cannot be made unless strong need & political committment are in place.

6. Outcomes must be relevant to policy makers & win their willingness to make necessary changes.

7. The institutional context: general principles apply, but need to be adapted to the specifics.

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5. Lessons and Conclusion8. Provide advice to AMCOW:strengthening

science-policy interactions.9. Advice AMCOW for public information &

awareness on the importance of GWR in Africa.

10.Strengthen GWR management & protection institutions & to build capacity in those areas.

11.Promote cooperative management of shared aquifers.

12.Promote education & training & trigger national & regional initiatives to address capacity building for users & decision-makers.

13.Result: appropriate capacity (policy & legislation); appropriate institutions & human resources to plan & implement sustainable GW utilisation