Oral Health EducationAnd
Health Promotion
Oral Health Education
INTRODUCTION
The process of imparting information about health in such a way that the recipient is motivated to use that information for the protection or advancement of his own, his family’s or his community’s health.
DEFINITION “Health education or literacy represents the
cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health.”
-WHO Health promotion Glossary, 1998
OBJECTIVESInforming people (Cognitive objective)
Motivating people (Affective objective)
Guiding into action (Behavioral objective)
FINAL GOAL
APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE HEALTH
1. Regulatory or legal approach
2. Administrative or service approach
3. Educational approach
4. Primary health care approach
MODELS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
Medical model
Motivation model
Social intervention model
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION
1. Credibility2. Interest3. Participation4. Motivation5. Comprehension6. Reinforcement
7. Learning by doing8. Known to unknown9. Setting an example10. Good human
relations11. Feedback12. Community leaders
STAGES IN THE ADOPTION OF NEW IDEAS AND PRACTICES
Unawareness
Awareness
Interest
Evaluation
Trial
HEALTH COMMUNICATION “a key strategy to inform the public
about health concerns and to maintain important health issues on the public agenda. The use of the mass and multimedia and other technological innovations to disseminate useful health information to the public, increases awareness of specific aspects of individual and collective health as well as importance of health in development.”
-WHO Health promotion Glossary, 1998
EDUCATIONAL AIDS USED IN HEALTH EDUCATION Main constituent of the armamentarium of
the health education process.
Auditory aids
Visual aids
A combination of audio-visual aids.
METHODS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
1. INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
2. GROUP APPROACH
3. MASS APPROACH
Health Promotion
DEFINITION “the process of enabling people to
increase control over, and to improve their health”.
-Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion,1st International Conference on
Health Promotion, Ottawa, 21-Nov-1986
Five priority action areas for health promotion:
1. Building healthy public policy
2. Creating supporting environments for health
3. Strengthening community action for health
4. Developing personal skills
5. Re-orienting health services
APPROACHES TO HEALTH PROMOTION
1. Preventive
2. Behavior change
3. Educational
4. Empowerment
5. Social change
Makes use of law made by govt. to protect health of public
Examples : Epidemic Disease Act Pollution Act Food Adulteration act Environmental Act
Drawbacks : Applicable only in limited situations May not alter the behavior of the
individual These laws are not democratic since they
interfere with an individual’s personal choices--------------------------------------------
It intends to provide all the heath facilities to the people with the hope that they will use it.
Drawbacks: It becomes a failure if the service is not based on the felt needs of the people.
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Most effective means for achievement of changes in the health practices and life-styles of the community.
Learning new “facts”, “unlearning” wrong information.
Results may be slow, but they are permanent and enduring.
Sufficient time should be allowed.
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Involves full participation and active involvement of the people.
Based on the principles of primary health care
Community participation
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a) Megaphonesb) Public addressing systems or microphonesc) Gramophone records and discsd) Tape recorderse) Radiosf) Sound amplifiers
Can also be used for entertainment and mass communication.
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a) Projected aids: Films or Cinemas Film Strips Slides Overhead Projectors /or Transparencies Bioscopes Video cassettes Silent films
b) Non-Projected aids: Blackboard Pictures, cartoons, photographs Charts, posters Flip charts, flashboards Flannel boards Printed materials Model, specimens
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Creates a better presentation…. They include:
Televisions Tape and slide combinations Video cassettes players
and recorders Motion pictures or cinemas Multimedia computers
Also include traditional media Folk dances Folk songs Puppet shows Dramas
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Advantages: Can be done in a dentist’s consultation room. Discussion, argument and persuasion of an
individual to change his behavior is possible. There is opportunity for the individual for
asking questions and clearing doubts.
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Disadvantages: Only a small no. can benefit Health education is given only to those who
come in contact with the dental surgeon or with public health personnel
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a. Chalk and talk (lectures)b. Symposiumc. Group Discussionsd. Panel discussionse. Workshopf. Conferences or seminarsg. Role playing/socio dramash. Demonstrations
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a) Televisionb) Radioc) Newspapers/pressd) Documentary filmse) Postersf) Health exhibitiong) Health magazinesh) Information bookletsi) Internet
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