Opposed Piston Engine HD Demo Program
1 Confidential and proprietary information of Achates Power, Inc.
“In the [OP] 2-stroke engine the ratio of trapped air to fuel is
Inherent CO2 & NOx advantage “The opposed piston diesel engine had about 13-15% [lower CO2 emissions]…compared to a state of the art four-stroke diesel engine.”
“The efficiency advantages of the opposed piston two-stroke engine are mainly because of lower in-cylinder heat losses due to elimination of the cylinder head and lower surface area to volume ratio. A further advantage is related to…efficient uniflow scavenging.”
“Two stroke engines have leaner combustion, more optimal combustion phasing, lower BMEP, and potential for lower mass.”
20% higher, enabling a reduction of soot.”
“NOx emissions are expected to be lower, since the fresh charge is always diluted by burnt gas.”
“In the OP engine the Turbine Inlet Temperature is more than 100 degrees lower, an important advantage when adopting a variable geometry turbine.”
“The OP2S engine delivers the lowest net specific fuel consumption…due to a combination of the lowest indicated specific fuel consumption coupled to the lowest supercharger work.”
2
CARB Ultra-Low NOx Heavy Duty Demonstration
NOx 0.02 g/ bhp-hr
CO2 432 g/bhp-hr (Average)
PROGRAM GOALS
90% NOx reduction 2027 EPA CO2
Confidential and proprietary information of Achates Power, Inc.
Achates OP Engine
Enabling capability for ultralow NOx
Achates OPS ARB Low NOx - Final
Exha
ust T
empe
ratu
re, d
egC
Cum
ulat
ive
BSN
Ox ,
g
OP engine maintains low NOx during catalyst light-off
3
0
Low NOx Enablers: • Early catalyst light off
ARB Low NOx - Baseline
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
OP engine lights off the catalyst is about half the time
Baseline
≈ 300s sooner
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Time, sec
• Low engine out NOx during catalyst light
SAE 2018-01-1378 Confidential and proprietary information of Achates Power, Inc.
Magnum ATS Architecture: Program target –Exhaust ATS restriction target = 30kPA
at 1450kg/hr mass-flow rate with 450°C turbo-out temperature
4
LO-SC R
Fuel Fuel
SOV sys
NOX
T T
T
P
NOX
V V
NH3 Inj.
VV
Coola nt
Fuel Inj.
Engine-Out
ASDS used for Gen 1 design to meet tight timeline, Gen 2 to use urea dosing/mixer.
1 2
T
Tailpipe-Out
AS
C
SCRF SCR DO C
Inj.
P
V
T
DEF
DEF
L
P NH3
NOX 3
T
dP + P
ASD S sys
Confidential and proprietary information of Achates Power, Inc.
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Tailpipe Simulation Results: NOX emissions
5
10.6L HD OP engine
with ULNOx ATS
HD FTP
Cold Hot Composite
Engine out BSNOx, (g/hp-hr) 3.57 3.75 3.72
Tailpipe Out BSNOx, (g/hp-hr) 0.05 0.003 0.0105
Cumulative (grams) 1.294 0.072
NOx reduction % conversion 98.5% 99.92% 99.72%
• Early Magnum results promising • Current AT system measurements at SW Research and initial Magnum engine out results at Aramco aligned
with above modeling
Confidential and proprietary information of Achates Power, Inc.
HD Engine on Dyno at Aramco in Novi, MI
Lower engine out NOx and higher post-turbine temperature than in models – both favorable to target achievement
Confidential and proprietary information of Achates Power, Inc. 6
ECTO-Lab Installation of Magnum AT System @ SwRI
LO-SCR
Downstream Package
ATS performing well Team has confidence in meeting NOx goal
Confidential and proprietary information of Achates Power, Inc. 7