12
Generation System In 2012, EGAT power plants had an installed
generating capacity of 15,010.13 MW or 46.04 percent of the
country’s gross energy generation. The purchased power capacity
included 12,741.69 MW from domestic independent power producers
(IPPs) representing 39.08 percent of the country’s total generating
capacity, 2,444.60 MW or 7.50 percent from small power producers
(SPPs), and 2,404.60 MW or 7.38 percent from neighboring
countries.
Apart from the new capacity of 12.00 MW of the downstream
hydropower plant of Chao Phya Dam Units 1 and 2, there was no new
large power plant added to the power system. For energy purchase,
more energy was purchased from Theun Hinboun Expansion
Hydroelectric Power Plant Unit 3, GHECO-One Co. Ltd., and small
power producers with fixed power supply.
Energy Generation and Purchase In 2012, the peak power demand
topped 26,121.10 MW on April 26, 2512 which was 2,220.89 MW or 9.29
percent higher than the previous year.
The net energy in 2012 was 173,250.28 million units which was
14,379.79 million units or 9.05 percent higher than the preceding
year. The energy of 77,502.85 million units or 44.73 percent of the
country’s energy demand was from the EGAT power plants, whereas the
energy of 95,747.43 million units or 55.27 percent was purchased
from independent power producers and from neighboring
countries.
Fuel Utilization In 2012, natural gas remained a major source of
fuel in electricity generation which could generate the net energy
of 117,057.63 million units or 67.56 percent of the country’s net
energy. Second in priority was lignite coal which could generate
the net energy of 32,533.25 million units or 18.78 percent.
Hydropower power plants could generate the net energy of 8,436.21
million units or 4.87 percent with addition of the imported power
of 10,516.54 million units or 6.07 percent. The energy generated by
fuel oil and diesel was 2,067.71 million units or 1.20 percent. The
energy generated by biomass and renewable energy was 2,638.94
million units or 1.52 percent of the net energy.
Operations
13Long-lasting friendship...Sustainable energy
Gas consumption during 2008-2012 had a tendency to increase except
in the year of 2011 when the great flood incident occurred.
However, the average price of gas during 2008-2012 had continued to
increase owing to the import of liquefied natural gas (LNG) which
had a higher price per unit since the mid of 2011.
Energy Sales EGAT sold a total of 169,375.89 million kWh of
electric energy out of which 49,991.71 million kWh to the
Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) and 116,031.38 million kWh
to the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) which were the main
customers. The total of 3,228.32 million kWh electric energy was
sold to direct customers and the neighboring countries (Lao PDR,
Malaysia, and Cambodia). The rest of 119.81 million kWh was sold to
other minor customers.
Energy Adjustment Charge (Ft tariff) In the year 2012, the fuel
price increased from the year 2011. Natural gas price, the 70
percent of fuel share for power generation, increased 48
Baht/million BTU or 19 percent (from the average of 252 Baht/
million BTU to 300 Baht/ million BTU), resulting in the increase of
power generation cost despite the attempt of the EGAT generation
management to reduce the cost. As a result, the Energy Regulatory
Commission (ERC) allowed the F
t Tariff to be increased gradually, not
yet fully covering the actual cost, in order to alleviate the cost
of living of the people and the manufacturing sector’s flood
impacts in late 2011. Therefore, EGAT had to temporarily shoulder
the accrued F
t revenue of
approximately 6,978 million Baht.
In 2012, the Ft Tariff was revised 3 times as follows:
Revision
(Baht/Unit) (Baht/Unit)
3 September-December 0.48 3.72
14
Type of power plant Installed Capacity (MW) Percentage of the
System Capacity
Hydropower 3,435.74 10.54
Thermal 4,699.00 14.41
2 GWEAF (%) 91.32 90.72 92.75 90.54
3 POF (%) 4.23 5.48 3.39 5.00
4 UOF (%) 3.19 2.46 2.58 2.84
EGAT Generation Facilities
EGAT’s power plant performance was as follows:
In 2012, the overall performance of EGAT’s generating power plants
fared better than the prior year both in terms of heat rate and
availability factor. The generating weighted equivalent
availability factor (GWEAF) of all power plants of EGAT amounted
2.2 percent lower than the preceding year due to the great flood
during October-November 2011 resulting in the adjustment of the
plan on some maintenance work to 2012. The planned outage factor
(POF) in 2012, when compared with the year 2011, was found to be
increased, whereas the unplanned outage factor (UOF) was slightly
increased. However, EGAT could control the rate of UOF to be less
than 3 percent.
Transmission System In 2012, EGAT pursued its plan in transmission
system development covering improvement, maintenance, and extension
of the transmission system as well as the transmission facilities
to increase the capability and stability in the power supply
system. Major transmission system projects completed during the
year included 2 circuits of 500 KV Pluak Daeng-Wang Noi
transmission line system and one circuit of 230 KV Nawanakorn-Wang
Noi transmission line system.
Moreover, the KT1A, KT2A, and KT3A transformers of the 300 MVA
capacity were installed at Nawanakorn Substation, whereas KT4A
transformer of the capacity of 200 MVA was installed at Pluak Daeng
Substation, and KT4A transformer of the capacity of 200 MVA was
installed at Prachin Buri Substation. The new substations added to
the transmission system were Mae Moh 4, Navanakorn, and Nakhon
Phanom 2.
In 2012, EGAT’s transmission system network comprised 31,556.46
circuit-kilometers of transmission lines with 212 substations, 546
delivery points, and a total transformer capacity of 86,730.19
MVA.
Throughout the year, EGAT’s transmission system managed to address
the problems and critical situation such as the delay in the plan
or other constraints with satisfactory result.
In 2012, forced outages occurred 73 times, out of which 14 times
were caused by failure of the transmission lines and 59 times from
the substation equipment. The interruption was mainly caused by
malfunction of substation
15Long-lasting friendship...Sustainable energy
equipment (26 times), by animals (24 times), by human errors,
either staff or outside people (7 times), by environment (6 times),
by weather (3 times), and by unidentifiable reasons (7
times).
Among the forced outages, important events which worth mentioning
were as follows:
• On May 13, 2012 at 16.09 hours, a forced outage occurred in a
wide area including Sakon Nakhon 1 Substation, That Phanom
Substation, Nakhon Phanom Substation, Mukdahan Substations 1 and 2,
and Substations of Electricité du Laos (Ta Khaek, Pak Bo). This
interrupted power supply of 94.3 MW to PEA for 9 minutes and of
108.5 MW to Ta Khaek and Pak Bo substations for 2 minutes.
• On May 22, 2012 at 15.56 hours, a partial blackout occurred in
the lower southern part of Thailand covering Songkhla, Yala,
Pattani, Narathiwat, and Satun provinces. The partial blackout of
641.4 MW lasted 26 minutes.
In 2012, EGAT’s bulk power supply system reliability performance
was as follows:
• System interruption severity (SISI) - System-minutes
(MW-minutes/MW) 1.97607
• System average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), 0.30306
number of occurrence/delivery point
• System average interruption duration index (SAIDI),
minutes/delivery point 6.79035
The availability of the transmission system in 2012 was as
follows:
• System availability (SA) (%) 99.9987
• Transmission circuit availability (%) 99.99073
• Transformer availability (%) 99.52174
The quality of the power supply service has been well maintained
with frequency being controlled within the band of 49.50-50.50 Hz
and system voltage being steadily controlled within the range of
95-105 percent of nominal voltage.
To ensure the availability and continuity of the supply service,
EGAT has given top priority to the improvement and maintenance of
existing transmission facilities. Work carried out during the year
included insulator cleaning for the 500 kV transmission lines in
the area highly exposed to dirt, pollution, smoke, and waste from
birds; drills and exercises of emergency preparedness and black
start restoration plan; analytical review of the power supply
system to properly prepare transmission maintenance and development
plan; planning power dispatch in line with transmission constraints
and system requirements; implementing preventive measures to
minimize interruption of supply caused by human errors and
equipment malfunctions caused by animals; and public communication
program to reduce losses and damages to transmission facilities
caused by community activities and address concern and complaints
of all stakeholders with regards to power transmission. With this,
EGAT has successfully maintained its high quality in electricity
supply with continuity, stability, and reliability.
Most of EGAT's CSR projects have originated from EGAT’s concern on
social problems and its intention to take part in remedying or in
encouraging the society to participate in the problem solving. The
Ban Khlong Rua Micro-Hydropower Plant Project in Pak Song
Sub-district in Phato District of Chumphon Province was constructed
by the collaboration of EGAT and Ban khlong Rua community to
generate electricity owing to the remote location of the community
which is a watershed area where electricity could not reach. The
construction of the power plant was completed in 2012 and could
supply electricity to 81 households. This hydropower plant can be
regarded as a successful model of community power plant which has
been originated from the real need of the community, managed by and
for the benefit of the community while taking into account the way
of life of the people and the environmental conservation. The
Biological Way of Life for Sustainable Development Program has been
implemented by EGAT since 1999 to promote natural agriculture and
self-reliance approach. The “Wan Kaew” Project, launched in 2003,
focuses on accepting donated spectacle frames and lens and
dispatching the mobile optometry units to provide free eye tests
and eyeglasses across the country.
Long-lasting friendship…Sustainable energyLong-lasting
friendship…Sustainable energy
Most of EGAT's CSR projects have originated from EGAT’s concern on
social problems and its intention to take part in remedying or in
encouraging the society to participate in the problem solving. The
Ban Khlong Rua Micro-Hydropower Plant Project in Pak Song
Sub-district in Phato District of Chumphon Province was constructed
by the collaboration of EGAT and Ban khlong Rua community to
generate electricity owing to the remote location of the community
which is a watershed area where electricity could not reach. The
construction of the power plant was completed in 2012 and could
supply electricity to 81 households. This hydropower plant can be
regarded as a successful model of community power plant which has
been originated from the real need of the community, managed by and
for the benefit of the community while taking into account the way
of life of the people and the environmental conservation. The
Biological Way of Life for Sustainable Development Program has been
implemented by EGAT since 1999 to promote natural agriculture and
self-reliance approach. The “Wan Kaew” Project, launched in 2003,
focuses on accepting donated spectacle frames and lens and
dispatching the mobile optometry units to provide free eye tests
and eyeglasses across the country.
Long-lasting friendship…Sustainable energyLong-lasting
friendship…Sustainable energy