Open Sea
Chez Nicole DullanoAlexandria Rabanes
The world ocean covers over 360 million km2 of the earth’s surface and consists of one continuous, interconnected mass of water.
This water is spread among three major ocean basins:
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Distinguishing Characteristics:
Salinity
Waves
Tides
Depth
Vastness
BenthicHabitats on the
bottom of the ocean, and other aquatic
organisms.
Pelagic
These are those found
on the bottom,
regardless of the depth.
•Littoral or intertidal zone
The oceans can be divided into several
vertical and horizontal zones.
Structure
•Neritic zone
•Oceanic zone
The ocean is generally divided
vertically into several depth zones
Epipelagic Zone
Bathypelagic Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
Hadal Zone
It is the layer from
4,000 to 6,000 m.
Abyssal Zone
This is where
the deepest parts of
the ocean
belongs.
Abiotic Factors
• Temperature• Light• Pressure• Oxygen• Salinity• Water movement• Visibility
Biotic Factors
Phytoplanktons
Zooplanktons
Nanoplanktons
Nekton
Benthic organisms
Human Impact
Oil spills
Chronic pollution
Human occupancy and recreational use of the shores
Over fishing
Dumping grounds