UNDERSTANDING OIL & GAS
Formation of Black Gold
Oil is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of tiny plants and animals (plankton), 10 million-600 million years ago, which fell to the bottom of the sea.
Little or no oxygen allows micro organisms to break down the remains into carbon-rich compounds that form organic layers. The organic material mixes with the sediments to form fine-grained shale, or source rock.
Extreme heat and pressure to distills the organic material into crude oil and natural gas.
The oil then flows from the source rock and accumulates in thicker, more porous limestone or sandstone known as reservoir rock.
When the earth moves the oil and natural gas is trapped in reservoir rocks, which are between layers of impermeable rock, or cap rock– usually granite or marble.
The whole process takes millions of years.
Finding Black Gold
Government and Oil companies usually assign finding oil to contracted geologists
Oil geologists examine surface features, surface rock, reservoir rock, entrapment, satellite images, sensitive gravity meters and magnometers. They can also detect the smell of hydrocarbons using electronic noses called sniffers.
The most common technique for finding reserves is seismology which uses shock waves that interpret waves reflected back to the surface.
Despite all the technology, modern oil exploration methods are only 10 percent successful.
Once oil is found, land is readied and Rig is set up….
Drilling begins…. Drilling is continued till oil is struck…..
Drilling
Extraction
Once the well is completed, the operators must start the flow of oil into the well.
For limestone reservoir rock, acid is pumped down the well and out the perforations.
For sandstone reservoir rock, a special blended fuel containing proppants is pumped down the well and out the perforations.
The pressure from this fluid makes small fractures in the sandstone that allow oil to flow into the well, while the proppants hold these fractures open.
Once the oil is flowing, the oilrig is removed from the site and production equipment is set up to extract the oil from the well.
Extraction
Electric SubmersiblePump Systems
Production Logging
Oilfield Chemicals
Fishing Services
Workover Services
Progressing Cavity Pumps
Drill Bits
Directional Drilling
Drilling Fluids
Drilling Optimization
LoggingWhile Drilling
FluidSampling
IntegratedFormationEvaluation
WirelineLogging
Coring
PerforatingIntelligent Well
Systems
ExpandableCompletions
FlawlessExecution
Sand ControlCompletions
PumpingServices
MultilateralSystems
Dri
lling
Com
ple
tion
Pro
duct
ion
Form
ati
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valu
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Refining Black Gold
Total Production
Jobs in Oil & Gas
Entry Level Jobs
JOB DESCRIPTION
Labourer/Roustabout cleans, paints, moves and handles supplies
Cook's Helper helps prepare and serve food
Slashercuts down trees and clears brush along seismic
lines
Seismic Driller's Helper helps drill shot holes
Electrician's Helper helps run wires, check and fix electrical equipment
Field Assistantrecords data and helps operate geophysical
equipment
Janitor keeps the camp clean
Mechanic's Helper helps clean, oil, test and fix equipment
Survey Helper holds stakes and rods and carries equipment
Equipment Operator drives various machines and trucks
Swamper helps truck drivers
Hot Shot Drivermakes deliveries of supplies and equipment as
needed
Skilled JobsJOB DESCRIPTION
Derrick Handguides and steadies pipes in and out of hole and maintains
drilling mud system
Power Tong Operator operates hydraulic powered wrenches to connect casing
Motor Handoperates and maintains engines that power drilling
equipment
Blasterpacks explosives into holes and makes sure everything is
safe before blasting
Seismic Driller drills shot holes to send sound waves through the ground
Gaugermakes routine checks and adjustments in different areas of
pumping station
Tank Farm Operatorworks at pumping stations that receive and distribute oil in
bulk
Gas Utility Operatorinstalls and services pipeline systems which transport
natural gas
Compressor Operatormonitors and operates wells entering pipeline, takes
samples and does tests
Control Room Operator monitors meters, gauges, indicators and alarm systems
Apprenticeship TradesJOB DESCRIPTION
Cook prepares food and meals for workers
Mechanic fixes machinery
Welder welds metal together to make/fix equipment
Electrician installs/fixes electrical equipment
Plumber installs/fixes water pipes and fixtures
Carpenter builds and repairs buildings
Pipefitter puts steam and water pipes together
Office Workers
JOB DESCRIPTION
Office Clerk keeps company records and time sheets
Accounts Clerkworks in payroll and accounts
payable/receivable
Secretarydoes word processing, records mail, files and
makes appointments
Purchasing Agentbuys goods, materials and services for the
company
Materials Clerk takes inventories and places orders
Technical JobsJOB DESCRIPTION
Seismic Recording Technicianoperates computers which record and process seismic data, prepares maps
Survey Technicianassists in field studies to record and
interpret geographic areas
Petroleum Technician does reservoir studies and interprets data
Mechanical Technicianmakes drawings of machines, buildings and
systems
Geophysical Technicianassists in assembly and analysis of seismic
data
Geological Technicianassists in surface and subsurface geological
mapping and core sample studies
Semi Professional JobsJOB DESCRIPTION
Warehouse Managerkeeps warehouse in order and keeps records
of materials stocked
Camp Manager coordinates all aspects of camp life
Safety Officermakes sure there are healthy working
conditions and sets safety rules
Environmental Monitor makes sure environmental rules are followed
Plant Foremansupervises all operations, hires and trains
workers
Drilling Foreman responsible for all activity on drilling rig
Professional JobsJOB DESCRIPTION
Geologist explores for oil and gas deposits
Petroleum Engineeruses geology, physics and engineering to recover, develop and process petroleum
Research Analystdevelops models that determine if
exploration and production will be feasible
Land Surveyorsurveys land surface to determine
boundaries, contours and other features
Accountant keeps financial records
Nursetends to injuries and ensures a safe, healthy
work environment
Land Agentadministers surface and mineral rights for
exploration and production
General Managermakes sure everything in the whole business is running as best it can
Supporting Jobs
Expediting Security Equipment Rental Cooking/Catering Painter/Drywaller Labour Pool
Coordinator Pilot/Transportation Fuel Supply and Haul
Trucking Supply of
Explosives/Chemicals Geophysical Surveying Camp Management Camp Construction Remote
Communications Supplying Materials
LIST OF COMPANIES IN OIL & GAS
Si. No. Company Name
1 Assam Oil Company Ltd. (ACL), India
2 Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), United Arab Emirates
3 Alon USA, United States
4 Amerada Hess Corporation, United States
5 Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, United States
6 Apache Corporation, United States
7 Arbusto Energy, United States
8 Atlantic Petroleum, Faroe Islands
9 BG Group, United Kingdom
10 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, India
11 BHP Billiton, Australia
12 Buzachi Petroleum Operating, Kazakhstan
13 BP, United Kingdom
14 Cairn Energy, India
15 Canadian Natural Resources, Canada
16 Chevron Corporation, United States
17 Chief Oil and Gas, United States
18 Citgo, Venezuela
19 CNOOC Ltd., China
20 ConocoPhillips, United States
Si. No. Company Name
22 Crown Central Petroleum, United States
23 Cupet, Cuba
24 Devon Energy, United States
25 Ecopetrol, Colombia
26 Enbridge, Canada
27 EnCana, Canada
28 ENSCO International, United States
29 Eni, Italy
30 Essar oil ltd., India
31 Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activites Petroliere (ETAP), Tunisia
32 ExxonMobil, United States
33 First Texas Energy Corporation, United States
34 Galp Energia, Portugal
35 GeoPardazesh - Petroleum Exploration Services Co. Ltd., Iran
36 Petronet LNG Limited, India
37 Gujarat Gas Co. Ltd., India
38 Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation, India
39 Gulf Oil, Luxembourg
40 Grupa LOTOS, Poland
Si. No. Company Name
40 Grupa LOTOS, Poland
41 Hargeisa Minerals & Resources Company Ltd, Somaliland
42 Hellenic Petroleum, Greece
43 Hess Corporation, United States
44 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India
45 Husky Energy, Canada
46 IB Daiwa, Japan
47 Imperial Oil, Canada
48 INA - Industrija Nafte, Croatia
49 Indian Oil Corporation, India
50 Inpex, Japan
51 Irving Oil, Canada
52 Japan Energy, Japan
53 Kaz-Munay Gaz, Kazakhstan
54 Karazhanbas Munay, Kazakhstan
55 Kerr-McGee, United States
56 Koch Industries, United States
57 Kuwait German Petroleum Company, Canada
58 Kuwait Gulf Oil Company, Kuwait
59 Kuwait National Petroleum Company Kuwait
60 Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait
Si. No. Company Name
61 Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, Kuwait
62 LUKoil, Russia
63 Marathon Oil Corporation, United States
64 Maurel & Prom, France
65 Maxol Group, Republic of Ireland
66 MedcoEnergi, Indonesia
67 Mol Group, Hungary
68 Naftna Industrija Srbije, Serbia
69 Naftogas of Ukraine, Ukraine
70 National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Iran
71 National Oil Corporation, Libya
72 Neste Oil, Finland
73 Nexen, Canada
74 Nippon Oil, Japan
75 NNPC, Nigeria
76 Oil Planet International Corp, United States
77 Northern Resources, Canada
78 Oil and Gas Development Company Limited, Pakistan
79 Occidental Petroleum, United States
80 Oil India Limited, India
Si. No. Company Name
81 Oman Oil Company (OOC), Oman
82 OMV, Austria
83 ONGC, India
84 PKN Orlen S.A., Poland
85 PSO, Pakistan
86 Petróleos de Venezuela, Venezuela
87 Petroleos Mexicanos, Mexico
88 Petroleum Development Oman, (PDO)
89 Perenco, France, United Kingdom
90 Petro-Canada, Canada
91 Petrobras, Brazil
92 PetroChina, China
93 PetroKazakhstan, Kazakhstan
94 Petrom, Romania
95 Petron Corporation, Philippines
96 PETRONAS, Malaysia
97 PETROTRIN, Trinidad and Tobago
98 PetroVietnam, Vietnam
99 Pertamina, Indonesia
100 Polish Oil and Gas Company, Poland
Si. No. Company Name
101 Plains Exploration & Production Company (PXP), United States
102 PTT Public Company Limited, Thailand
103 Qatar Petroleum, Qatar
104 Reliance Industries Limited, India
105 Repsol YPF, Spain
106 Rompetrol Group N.V., Romania
107 Royal Dutch Shell, Netherlands, United Kingdom
108 Sagiz Petroleum, Kazakhstan
109 San-Ai Oil, Japan
110 Santos Limited, Australia
111 Sasol, South Africa
112 Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia (the largest in the world)
113 Shell Canada, Canada (subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell)
114 Shell Oil Company, US (subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell)
115 Sinclair Oil, United States
116 Sinopec, China
117 Snpc, Congo-Brazzaville
118 Sonangol, Angola
119 Sonatrach, Algeria
120 SPC, Singapore
Si. No. Company Name
121 StatoilHydro, Norway
122 State Oil Company of Azerbaijan, SOCAR Azerbaijan
123 Somerset Refinery, United States
124 State Oil Company of Suriname, Suriname
125 Sunoco, United States
126 Suncor Energy, Canada
127 Surgutneftegaz, Russia
128 Syncrude, Canada
129 Talisman Energy, Canada
130 Todd Energy, New Zealand
131 Total, France
132 Tullow Oil, United Kingdom
133 United Refining Company, United States
134 Vaalco Energy Inc., United States
135 Wintershall, Germany
136 Woodside Petroleum, Australia
137 XTO Energy, United States
138 YPF, Argentina
139 YPFB, Bolivia
Si. No. Company Name
1Wal-Mart Stores
2Royal Dutch Shell
3Exxon Mobil
4BP
5Sinopec Group
6China National Petroleum
7State Grid
8Toyota Motor
9Japan Post Holdings
10Chevron
Employment Statistics
Lab0ur Statistics
CONCLUSION
Booming Sector
THANK YOU