WOODROW WILSON
OH,
WHAT A LOVELY WARWorld War One: Big Picture and Oshawa January 25,
2017
Whitby Probus Club
Robert T. Bell & Glenn McKnight
Overview
Part One: Big PicturePart Two: Canada's Role Part Three: Oshawa's Role Part Four: Legacy of the war
Glenn McKnight
Glenn is a Director with the Foundation for Building Sustainable Communities and he has been active as a citizen journalist capturing the stories and memories of local Oshawa military history. Stories from War of 1812, American Civil War, Fenian Raids, WW 2, WW 2 and Korean WarsHe is a volunteer with the 1948 Partition Project which is collecting memories of those who suffered the partition of British India
Robert T. Bell
Is a local REALTOR with Coldwell Banker 2M Realty Brokerage & owner of Durham Metal Detectors.
Always interested in history & the community he is a long time member of the Oshawa Historical Society, The Durham Region Branch of the Ontario Genealogical Society, & is a former member of Heritage Oshawa.
Volunteering with the Foundation for Building Sustainable Communities he has been involved in the War of 1812 Project & the Canadian Victory Garden.
He is believer in life long learning!
Part One
The Big Picture
The Big Picture
REASONS FOR WAR
Europe divided into many alliances & the big 2 were: Central
Powers Italy, Austria-Hungary & Germany
Triple Entente (Allies) France, Great Britain & Russia
June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to A-H throne & wife Sophia visited Sarajevo, Bosnia.
BLACK HAND (Serbian terrorist group who want Bosnia free),try to kill Franz.
Tried a bomb & failed.
GAVRILLO PRINCEP shoots both
WAR BEGINS!!!
Germany declares war on Serbs July 28th, 1914
Aug. 4th, 1914, Great Britain declares war on Germany for violating Belgiums neutrality.
Schlieffen Plan goes thru Belgium to circle Paris,
Germany stopped at 1st Battle of Marne
(Sept. 6-10, 1914).
French troops sent in taxis to front line in red uniforms.
New Technology and War
Trenches
Poison gas (Chlorine, Mustard)
Tanks
Planes
Machine guns
Zeppelins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9iR0xJW-Fk
Part Two
Canadian Role in the War
Canada's Role and the War
War by Numbers
660,000 Canadians recruited
70 % British born67,000 died160,000 woundedCost $2 billion
CEF Battles
MonsSt. EloiNeuve ChappeleYpres x 2 GivenchyLa BasseLoosAmiensValenciennes
PlugstreetSt. JulienThe SommeCoureletteVimy RidgeHill 70PaschendaleArrasCambria
The Impact of the War
Homefront
RationingVictory GardensMetal and Fat DrivesWomen in FactoriesWar Measures ActCanadian Red Cross
Local Bond Drives Care packagesPost hospital careWar productionLimited women's voteIndustrialization
Became TOTAL WAR-complete mobilization of resources & people.
Women take over jobs in factories
PLANNED ECONOMIES
Systems run by gov't agencies that expanded powers to meet needs
such as: conscription, regulate import/exports, ration food,
control prices, wages & rent control
Income Tax
The financial cost of the war amounted to almost $38 billion for Germany
Austria-Hungary $20 billion.
Other $2 billion
The war cost Central Powers $60 billion
Britain $35 Billion Canada $2 BillionFrance $24 Billion Russia $22 Billion USA $22 billionOther $2 billion
The war cost the Allies $125 billion
Terms for Germany Defeat
Abdication of the KaiserPay war reparations Reduction to a 100,000 standing armyGet rid of air force & reduce navyReturn Alsace & Loraine Sections of Germany given to Poland.
Part Three
Oshawa Local History
Oshawa's Role in the War
Part Three
Oshawa Local History
Ontario Regiment
Many local residents joined the 116 Battalion and the 182 Battalion fighting with the 9th Infantry Brigade and the 18th Reserve Battalion- 330 number of dead? of wounded? of recruits
Enemy Amongst Us
Imprisonment of Ukranians
At the declaration of war a War Measures Act was implemented
300 local Ukrainians imprisoned, detained and documented
In 1918 a local church was invaded by the police as apparently reported in the Oshawa Times
Home (Barnardo) Children
* Approximately 118,000 children sent* Sent from 1863 to 1939
* Sent to Canada at a young age
* Only 2% were Orphans!
* They were sending them to A better life
* Some were given into care with intentions of reunification that never happened
* Siblings were separated in care
Herbert Green Born1881, 1892 into care, 1894 to Canada
Enlisted
Oshawa June 10, 1915
Gassed France July 24, 1918
Nursing Sisters - Angels of Mercy
* Called Sisters because many belonged to Religious orders
* About 2,504 served in WWI
* Given the rank of Lieutenant
* Called Bluebirds because of their Blue dresses, they wore white aprons & veils
* Often in harms way - 46 killed in the line of duty
Sarah Ellen Garbutt
* Enlisted April 3, 1917 Kingston
* Arrived in England June 8
* Hospitalized in England June 27
* Died of cancer Aug 20, 1917 age 42
Red Baron
What happened to veterans
Thank You
Resources
Attestation Papers
Http:tinyurl.com/odx6r2q
Slideshow
FBSC www.fbsc.org
Bob Bell www.roberttbell.com