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Fem t oc e l l Tu tor ia l
VON, Boston
29 October 2007
Fanny Mlinarsky
President, octoScope
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Agenda 9:00 11:00 am FMC and Femtocell history, architecture and
standards
Fanny Mlinarsky, President, octoScope
Asa Kalavade, Founder and CTO, Tatara Systems
11:00 11:15 am Break
11:15 12:00 noon Femtocell regulatory issues
Barlow Keener, Keener Law Group
12:00 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 3:00 pm Focus on the physical layer
Vicki Griffiths, Product Manager, Cellular Applications, picoChip Designs
David Donovan, Analog Devices
Tim Counihan, Director of Product Marketing, BitWave Semiconductor
3:00 3:15 pm Break
3:15 5:00 pm The Bridge from FMC to FMS
Michael Blanchard, Sr. Product Manager, Femtocell Products, Airvana
Scott Poretsky, Director, Carrier Network Engineering, ReefPoint
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Fanny Ml inarsk y President of octoScope, consulting
company focusing on
RF and wireless design
Network or device architecture Performance verification
Product advocacy
Founder and Chief Technology Officer,Azimuth Systems, leading wireless testplatform for Wi-Fi and WiMAX test(10/01 10/06)
R&D Manager, General Manager,Agilent Technologies for theWireScope handheld networkcertification and monitoring products(10/98 10/01)
BS/EE, BA/CS Columbia University,graduate EE work at MIT
Azimuth Test Platform
Agilent WireScope
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Cel l Size and Load Dist r ibut ion
Throu
ghput
# clients
Cell sizeshrinks asthroughputand usage
increase
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Progress ion t o Pervasive
Connect iv i ty
2G 3G 4G
Cells Shrink
Wireless
coverageexpandsindoors
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3G Coverage I ssues 3G cells are smaller by virtue
of supporting higher data rates
3G infrastructure needs toproliferate
Femtocells are a vehicle forexpanding 3G coverage andimproving indoor coverage
Infrastructure must evolve tosupport millions of small cells
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Trad i t iona l In f ras t ruc t ure - GSM
MSC (Mobile Switching Centre)
VLR (Visitor Location Register)HLR (Home Location Register)
SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)
GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)
BTS (Base Transceiver System)
BSC (Base Station Controller)
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VLR
VLR
Trad i t ional In frast ruc t u re
Todayscellularinfrastructureis set up for
thousandsofBSCs, notmill ionsof
femtocells
BSC
BSC
BSC
MSC 1
HLR
GMSC
PSTN
MSC 2
Gateway MobileSwitching Center
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GAN (Gener ic Ac c ess Net w ork ) /
UMA (Unl ic ensed Mobi le Ac c ess)
Dual-ModeUMA
Handset
BaseStation
Controller(BSC)
IPNetwork
UMA
NetworkController
(UNC)
GSM Radio AccessNetwork (RAN)
Unlicensed Mobile AccessNetwork (UMAN)
CoreMobile
Network
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3GPP GAN vs. VCC GAN (generic access network) is a
simple protocol for GSM networks only
Uses GSM call setup
Gives GSM users access to high speeddata via Wi-Fi hotspots
Call continuity across Wi-Fi and GSMdomains
Does not offer benefits of IMS
VCC (voice call cont inuity) is anIMS protocol for seamless call handoffbetween any 3GPP networks
SIP (session initiation protocol) basedconnection management
GSM, UMTS, W-CDMA, Wi-Fi, etc. WiMAX not officially accommodated by
VCC with LTE (Long Term Evolution)technology emerging instead
Cell
Wi-Fi
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IMS In f rast ruc t ure for FMC
FixedMobile
IP NetworkIP MultimediaIP MultimediaSubsystem (IMS)Subsystem (IMS)
Fixed
MobileConvergence
802.16802.16
WMANWMAN802.11802.11
WLANWLAN 802.3802.3
LANLAN
GSM,GSM,
UMTSUMTS
PSTNPSTN LTELTE
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St andards J igsaw Puzzle
802.16802.16WMANWMAN
802.11802.11WLANWLAN
802.15802.15WPANWPAN
802.22802.22WRANWRAN
2G, 3G, 4G2G, 3G, 4GWWANWWAN
TCP, UDP/ IPTCP, UDP/ IP
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Internet Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)Internet Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
AccessAccess
TransportTransport
ControlControl
ApplicationsApplications Voice Streaming Videoemail
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K ey Components o f t he IMS
Arch i tec tu re CSCF (call session control
function)
Heart of IMS architecture
Handles multiple real-time IPbased services (voice, IMM,streaming video, etc.)
Responsible for registeringuser devices and for ensuringQoS
HSS (home subscriberserver)
Central repository for customerdata
Interfaces with operators HLRs(home location registers),which keep subscriber profiles
Enables roaming acrossdistinct access networks
AS (applicat ion server)
Delivers services, such asgaming, video telephony, etc.
Types of AS: SIP, Parlay X,customized legacy AS
CSCFCSCFHSSHSS
ApplicationsApplications
Servers (AS)Servers (AS)
MediaMedia
gatewaygatewayTransport
Control
Applications
IP network, gatewaysto legacy networks
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TraditionalCellularNetwork
Billing/OS
S
QoS
Presence
Billing/OSS
QoS
Presence
FixedMobile
IP Network
FixedMobile
IP Network
Billing/OSSBilling/OSS
QoSQoS
PresencePresence
IMS vs. Tradi t ional St ovepipe
Stovepipe model replicatesfunctionality
IMS common layersfacilitate adding services
Voice Internet Video Voice Internet
IMSNetwork
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St andards for FMC
3GPP- IMS
GAN/UMA2G2G
VCC 3G/4G3G/4G I-WLAN (no handoff)
IEEE
802.11n, k, u, v, y, s
802.16e, g, m
802.21
GAN = generic access networkUMA = unlicensed mobile access
VCC = Voice Call ContinuityI-WLAN = Interworking-WLAN
IMS = internet multimedia subsystem
GAN / UMAGSM-WiFi phones
FixedFixed
MobileMobile
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Mult im ode Phone vs . Fem t oc e l l
Cell / Wi-Fi Phone musthave the capability to roam
Femtocells supporttraditional simple phones
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IEEE 802 LAN/MAN St andards
Com m it t ee (LMSC) 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols
802.3 Ethernet
802.11 Wireless LAN
802.15 Wireless Personal AreaNetwork
802.16 Broadband Wireless Access
802.17 Resilient Packet Ring 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG
(technical advisory group)
802.19 Coexistence TAG
802.21 Media Independent Handoff 802.22 Wireless Regional Area
Networks
Wireless standards dominate the work of IEEE 802
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ITU-T Fram ew ork
IEEE 802.11IEEE 802.11 WLAN (wireless
local area network)IEEE 802.16IEEE 802.16 WMAN (wirelessmetropolitan area network)
3GPP3GPP WWAN (wireless wide
area network, cellular)
ITUITU --TT United Nations
telecommunications standardsorganization
Accepts detailed standardscontributions from 3GPP, IEEE
and other groups
Pervasive connectivityPervasive connectivityWLANWLAN -- WMANWMAN -- WWANWWAN
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ITU Int ernat iona l Mobi le
Te lecommun ica t ions IMT-2000
Global standard for third generation (3G) wirelesscommunications
Provides a framework for worldwide wireless access by linkingthe diverse systems of terrestrial and satellite based networks.
Data rate limit is approximately 30 Mbps
Detailed specifications contributed by 3GPP, 3GPP2, ETSI andothers
IMT-Advanced New generation framework for mobile communication systems
beyond IMT-2000 with deployment around 2010 to 2015
Data rates to reach around 100 Mbps for high mobility and 1Gbps for nomadic networks (i.e. WLANs)
IEEE 802.16m working to define the high mobility interface IEEE 802.11 VHT SG (very high throughput study group)
working to define the nomadic interface
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ITU-T and ITU-R ITU-T: Telecommunication
Standardization is responsiblefor network aspects of IMT-2000,
IMT-Advanced, FMC, mobilitymanagement, mobile multimediafunctions, internetworking,interoperability andenhancements to existing ITU-T
Recommendations. ITU-R: Radiocommunications
is responsible for the radiofrequency spectrum and radiosystem aspects of IMT-2000 and
IMT-Advanced.
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ITU-T Voic e Qual i t y St andards MOS (mean opinion score) uses a
wide range of human subjects toprovide a subjective quality score
(ITU-T P.800) PESQ (perceptual speech quality
measure) sends a voice patternacross a network and then comparesreceived pattern to the original
pattern and computes the qualityrating (ITU-T P.862)
R-Factor (Rating factor)computed based on delay packet
loss and other network performanceparameters; R-Factor directlytranslates into MOS (ITU-T G.107)
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ITU-T PESQ Mode l
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ITU-T E-Mode l (G.107) fo r
Com put ing R-Fac t or
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0 200-AAdvantage Factor
35 8535dB(A)PrRoom Noise at the Receive Side
35 8535dB(A)PsRoom Noise at the Send Side
--64dBmpNforNoise Floor at the Receive Side
-80 -40-70dBmOpNcCircuit Noise referred to 0 dBr-point
0 200%PplRandom Packet-loss Probability
1 401-BplPacket-loss Robustness Factor
0 400-IeEquipment Impairment Factor
1 141-qduNumber of Quantization Distortion Units
0 5000msTaAbsolute Delay in echo-free Connections
0 5000msTMean one-way Delay of the Echo Path
0 10000msTrRound-Trip Delay in a 4-wire Loop
5 ... 110110dBWEPLWeighted Echo Path Loss
5 6565dBTELRTalker Echo Loudness Rating
-3 +33-DrD-Value of Telephone Receive Side
-3 +33-DsD-Value of Telephone, Send Side
13 2318dBLSTRListener Sidetone Rating
10 2015dBSTMRSidetone Masking Rating
-5 +14+2dBRLRReceive Loudness Rating
0 +18+8dBSLRSend Loudness Rating
PermittedRange
DefaultValueUnitAbbr.Parameter
G.107 Default values and permitted ranges for the E-model parameters
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R-Fac t or t o MOS Conve rsion
Toll qualityToll quality
M
OS
M
OS
RR--FactorFactor
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Pac k et Loss Cons iderat ion Packet loss, especially bursty packet loss, causes poor signal
quality
Delay and jitter (variation in delay) can also cause loss of
quality 200 ms events (signal loss or delay) are audible to the ear
In wireless networks, bursty packet loss can be due to
Congestion in the infrastructure
Client roaming from one AP to another
~100 microsecondpackets, dependingon CODEC
~20-30 millisecond gaps
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IEEE 802.11 Spec i f ic at ions
Enab l ing Vo ic e ove r Wi-Fi Minimize bursty packet loss by
controlling roaming time
802.11r Fast Roaming
802.11k Radio ResourceMeasurement (RRM)
802.11v Wireless NetworkManagement
Manage power consumption
802.11 APSD (automatic powersave delivery)
802.11n PSMP (power save multi-poll) protocol
802.11v sleep mode
Maintain isochronous nature ofvoice packet streams by
controlling delay, jitter and packetloss
WFA WMM (wireless multi-media)prioritization protocol, IEEE QSESG (QoS Extensions Study Group)looking to reconcile IEEE 802.11with WMM
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802.16 and WiMAX Cert i f ic at ion
WiMAX Forum Release-1
Based on 802.16e-2005
1.25, 5, 7, 8.75, 10 and 20 MHz channels
Initial profiles are 5 and 10 MHz
Licensed worldwide spectrum allocations include 2.3, 2.5, 3.3and 3.5 GHz bands
The IEEE 802.16e-2005 Wireless MAN standard is based onthe concept of scalable OFDMA* (S-OFDMA), which providesa range of bands to accommodate available spectrum
* Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
IEEE 802.16dIEEE 802 .16d --20042004
FixedFixed
Broadband WirelessBroadband Wireless
IEEE 802.16eIEEE 802.16e--20052005
MobileMobile
Broadband WirelessBroadband Wireless
Mobile WiMAXMobile WiMAX
System ProfileSystem Profile
ReleaseRelease--11
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IEEE 802.16d vs . 802.16e
High mobility
60 km/h
Fixed, nomadicMobility
SOFDMA, 2048
subcarriers
OFDM, 256
subcarriers
Signaling
2.5, 3.5, 5.8 GHzBand
5, 7, 10 MHz3.5, 7 MHzBandwidth
Up to 15 Mbps / 5
MHz
Up to 10 Mbps / 3.5
MHzBit Rate
5 km NLOS30 km LOS
7 km NLOS30 km LOS
Cell radius
802.16e
2005
802.16d
2004
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4G: LTE LTE (Long Term Evolution) being developed as a 4G
technology competing with 802.16
100 Mbps uplink; 50 Mbps downlink
5 km cells; 30 km with some degradation Channels 1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
MIMO-based; smart antenna
No products yet
Proposed 4G migration path for WCDMA/HSDPA networks Verizon Wireless uses CDMA EV-DO technology, which is
incompatible with HSDPA
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the proposed 4G
migration path for CDMA EV-DO
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Nex t Generat ion Cel l Phone GSM?
CDMA?
CDMA2000?
W-CDMA?
UMTS?
Wi-Fi?
WiMAX? LTE?
Can femtocells getahead of dual mode
Wi-Fi cell phones?
Whats the Wi-Fiindustry doing tosupport voice?
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IEEE 802.11 Ac t ive Task Groups WNG SC Wireless Next Generation Standing Committee
TGk Radio Resource Measurements
TGn High Throughput
TGp Wireless Access Vehicular Environment (WAVE/DSRC)
TGr Fast Roaming
TGs ESS Mesh Networking
TGT IEEE 802 Performance
TGu InterWorking with External Networks
TGv Wireless Network Management
TGw Protected Management Frames
TGy 3650-3700 MHz Operation in USA
DLS SG Direct Link Setup Study Group
QSE SG QoS Extensions Study Group
VHT SG 1 Gbps Very High-Throughput Study Group
VTS SG Video Throughput Study Group
IETF AHC IETF Ad Hoc
IMT AHC IMT Ad Hoc
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11
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IEEE 802.11 Tim el ine
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
802.11-1997IEEE Standard
802.11-1999IEEE Standard
July 1997
April 1999 802.11-2007IEEE Standard
TGk
TGmaTGn
TGp
TGrTGs
TGT
TGuTGv
TGw
TGy
TGa
TGb TGb-cor1
TGc TGd
TGe
TGF
TGg
TGh
TGi
TGj
Part of802.1
withdrawn
June 2007
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802.11n Uses Mul t ipat h for Spat ia l
Mu lt ip lex ing t o Inc rease Dat a Rat e
clusters
Mobile reflector
Mobile device
MIMO (multiple input multipleoutput) data transmission usesmultipath to send two or moredata streams
This is known as SpatialSpatialMultiplexingMultiplexing
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802.11n MIMO Tec hnology
Goal: 100 Mbps real throughput; data rate up to 600 Mbpswith 4 spatial streams in a 40 MHz channel
PHY improvements
MIMO (multiple inputs multiple outputs) Spatial Multiplexing,Beamforming, up to 4x4 MIMO, 40 MHz channels
MAC improvements
Frame aggregation, block acknowledgements
Battery life improvements for handsets Sleep mode with scheduled packet delivery
Real implementations use up to 2spatial streams and the following
MIMO configurations:2x2 , 2x3 , 3x32x2 , 2x3 , 3x3
Extra transmitters or receiversimplement diversity
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802.11n Throughput Enhancem ent s
Up to 100%64k bytes A-MPDU; 8k bytes A-MSDUFrame aggregationand Block ACK
10%
The short GI of 400 ns allowed by802.11n reduces the symbol time from
4 microseconds to 3.6 microsecondsincreasing the symbol rate by 10%.
Shorter GI
20%
With 52 data sub-carriers vs. 48 for the
legacy networks, the highest data rateper stream is 65 Mbps vs. the802.11a/g 54 Mbps
More efficient OFDM
100%Doubling the channel width over thelegacy 20 MHz channel can double thethroughput.
40 MHz channelwidth
100%With 2 spatial streams throughput can
be double that of a single stream.Spatial multiplexing
Throughputenhancementover legacy
Description802.11n throughputenhancement
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IEEE 802.11a,b,g,n
30, 60, 90, 120,180, 240, 270,300
15, 30, 45, 60,90, 120, 135,150
14.4, 28.9,43.3, 57.8,86.7, 115.6,130, 144.4
7.2, 14.4, 21.7,28.9, 43.3,57.8, 65, 72.2
802.11n, GI=400ns2.4 and 5 GHz
27, 54, 81, 108,
162, 216, 243,270
13.5, 27, 40.5,
54, 81, 108,121.5, 135
13, 26, 39, 52,
78, 104, 117,130
6.5, 13, 19.5,
26, 39, 52,58.5, 65
802.11n
GI[1]
=800ns5 GHz
13, 26, 39, 52,78, 104, 117,130
6.5, 13, 19.5,26, 39, 52,58.5, 65
802.11nGI[1]=800ns2.4 GHz
1, 2, 6, 9, 12,18, 24, 36, 48,
54
802.11g
2.4 GHz
6, 9, 12, 18, 24,36, 48, 54
802.11a5 GHz
1, 2, 5.5, 11802.11b2.4 GHz
Data Rate, in Mbps
2 streams1 stream2 streams1 stream
40 MHz Channel20 MHz Channel
[1,] GI = Guard Interval, period within an OFDM symbolallocated to letting the signal settle prior to transmittingthe next symbol. Legacy 802.11a/b/g devices use
800ns GI. GI of 400ns is optional for 802.11n.
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Draf t 802.11n vs. Legac y
Throughput Per formanc e
Draft 802.11n vs. Legacy - Office
02040
6080
100120
140160
180
6 ft 40 110 150 180 200
feet
Mbps
Draft-802.11n Legacy 802.11g
Draft 802.11n vs. Legacy - Home
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140160
180
25 35 45 50feet
Mbps
Draft-802.11n Legacy 802.11g
Vendor 1Vendor 1 Vendor 2Vendor 2
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Sm art Ant enna Tec hnologies for
802.11 and 802.16
Spatial Multiplexing Multiple streams are
transmitted over multiple
antennas Multi-antenna receivers
separate the streams toachieve higher throughput
In uplink single-antenna
stations can transmitsimultaneously
Beamforming Use multiple-antennas to
spatially shape the beam toimprove coverage andcapacity
2x2 MIMO spatialmultiplexing can double
data rate by transmittingtwo data streamssimultaneously
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802.11r Fast Transi t ion (Roam ing)
Needed by voice applications
Basic methodology involves propagating
authentication information for connected stationsthrough the mobility domain to eliminate the needfor re-authentication upon station transition fromone AP to another
The station preparing the roam can setup thetarget AP to minimize the actual transition time
Roaming from one mobility domain to anotherrequires authentication and is not considered fasttransition
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Tradi t ional Roam ing in 802.11
AP1 AP2max
min
Signal strength
t TRANSITION
t SCAN
Last data packetbefore transition
t ASSOCIATE
t ROAM
Data rate adaptation
First data packetafter transition
t DATA
Bursty frameloss is likelyduring a
transition
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802.11s Wi-Fi Mesh
TraditionalWLAN
MeshNetwork
Mesh links
Client links
Wired links
Mesh Portal
Wired connection to each AP
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IEEE 802 .11s Mesh St andard
Wireless Distribution Systemwith automatic topologylearning and wireless pathconfiguration
Self-forming, self-healing,dynamic routing
~32 nodes to make routing
algorithms computationallymanageable
Extension of 802.11i securityand 802.11e QoS protocol to
operate in a distributedrather than centralizedtopology
Mesh Portal
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Fast Handof f in Dynam ic Meshes
To support VoIP, 802.11s needs to incorporatethe fast handoff mechanisms defined in 802.11r. Enable stations to roam from one mesh AP to another
within approximately 50 ms without noticeabledegradation in the quality of a voice call
In a dynamic mesh (e.g. in vehicles) MPs may beroaming with respect to other MPs and the 802.11sstandard requires fast roaming of MPs with respect toone another.
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802.11s T im el ine
JUL
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2005 2006
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2007
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JUL
2008
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JAN
JAN
JUL
SEP
NOV
2009
D1
PAR approved
WG formed Jul-04
May-04
PAR = project authorization requestSG = study groupWG = working groupTG = task groupEC = executive committeeD1 = draft 1
WG ballotrecirculation
Sponsor ballot
initial
Sponsor ballotrecirculation
Final WG
approval
Final ECapproval
RevComapproval
D2
D3
D4
TGs timelineTGs timeline
D5
WG ballotinitial
IEEE 802 16 and 802 15 Mesh
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IEEE 802 .16 and 802.15 Mesh
Standards
802.16j and 802.15.5are alsostandardizing meshtopologies
802.16j is not an ad-hoc mesh, but a relay
to extend the rangebetween a CPE and abase station
802.16 links beingplaned in ad-hocmesh networks
Wirelessrelay
Light ly Regulat ed Band for
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Light ly Regulat ed Band for
802 .11, 802.16
March 2005 FCCoffered 50 MHz 3650to 3700 MHz for
contention-basedprotocol
802.11y meets FCCrequirement; 802.16h
is working to comply 21st century
regulation geared fordigitalcommunications multiple services to
share the band in anorderly way
300 Million licensesone for every person or
company
$300 per license for 10 years
Registered stations (base
stations): 1 W/MHz, ~15 km
Unregistered stations(handsets, laptops): 40mW/MHz, 1-1.5 km
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802.11y T im el ine
JUL
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2004 2005
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2006
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JUL
2007
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JAN
JAN
JUL
SEP
NOV
2008
WG ballotinitial
D
1
SG formed
PAR approved
WG formed
PAR = project authorization requestSG = study groupWG = working groupTG = task groupEC = executive committeeD1 = draft 1
Sponsor ballotinitial
Sponsor ballotrecirculation
Final WGapproval
Final ECapproval
RevComapproval
D
2
D
3
D
4
TGy timelineTGy timeline
WG ballotrecirculation
802 11k Radio Resourc e
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802.11k Radio Resourc e
Measurement
Impetus for 802.11k came from the Enterprisesthat needed to manage their WLANs from a centralpoint
802.11k makes a centralized network managementsystem by providing layer 2 mechanisms for
Discovering network topology
Monitoring WLAN devices, their receive power levels, PHYconfiguration and network activity
Can be used to assists 802.11r Fast Transition(roaming) protocol with handoff decisions based
on the loading of the infrastructure
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802.11k T im el ineSG formed
PAR approved
WG formed
Sep-02
Jan-03
Dec-02, Sep-06
JUL
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2004 2005
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2006
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JUL
2007
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JAN
JAN
JUL
SEP
NOV
2008
WG ballotinitial
D1
PAR = project authorization requestSG = study groupWG = working groupTG = task groupEC = executive committeeD1 = draft 1
WG ballotrecirculation
Sponsor ballotinitial
Sponsor ballotrecirculation
Final WGapproval
Final ECapproval
RevComapproval
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TGk timelineTGk timeline
D9
D8
802 11v Wire less Net w ork
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802.11v Wire less Net w ork
Management
TGvs charter is to build on the networkmeasurementmechanisms defined by TGk and introduce networkmanagementfunctions to provide Enterprises withcentralized network management and load balancing
capabilities. Major goals: manageability, improved power efficiency
and interference avoidance
Defines a protocol for requesting and reporting locationcapability
Location information may be CIVIC (street address) or GEO(longitude, latitude coordinates)
For the handset, TGv may enable awareness of AP e911capabilities while the handset is in sleep mode; this work has
common ground with TGu
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802.11v Im proves Pow er Ef f ic ienc y
TGv defines FBMS (flexible broadcast multicast service) - themechanism to let devices extend their sleep period
Devices can specifying the wake up interval to be longerthan a single DTIM (delivery traffic indication message). Thisconsolidates traffic receive/transmit intervals and extendsbattery life of handsets.
Sleep mode is also part of 802.11n (PSMP) and 802.11u.TGs is also dealing with power conservation and sleep modeprotocol, working to make this protocol distributed wherebya mesh point registers its sleep mode with the neighbors.
TGv may extend the sleep mode protocol to include theability of maintaining location awareness while in sleepmode.
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801.11v T im el ine
WG ballotinitial
D1
SG formed
PAR approved
WG formed
Dec-04
PAR = project authorization requestSG = study groupWG = working groupTG = task groupEC = executive committeeD1 = draft 1
WG ballotrecirculation
Final WGapproval
Final ECapproval
D2
D3
D4
JUL
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2005 2006
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2007
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JUL
2008
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JAN
JAN
JUL
SEP
NOV
2009
MAY
Sponsor ballot
recirculation
Jan-05
D5
TGv timelineTGv timeline
Sponsor ballotinitial
RevComapproval
802.11w Protec t ed Management
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802.11w Pro tec t ed Management
Frames
802.11w protects against the forgery of management frames
802.11k and now 802.11v are both adding new mgt framesthat can exchange sensitive information
Information about network topology, location and loading Configuration commands to optimize the network
These frames can be easily forged by the attackers to disruptthe network
For example, an attacker can forge AP loading messages
redirecting client associations or locking users out of thenetwork
TGw provides protection for the management frames afterassociation and after keys have been set up through 802.11ior 802.11r mechanisms.
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802.11w T im el ine
WG ballotinitial
D1
PAR approved
WG formed
March-05
PAR = project authorization requestSG = study groupWG = working groupTG = task groupEC = executive committeeD1 = draft 1
WG ballot
recirculation
Sponsor ballotinitial
Final WGapproval
RevComapproval
D2
D3
JUL
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2005 2006
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2007
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JUL
2008
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JAN
JAN
JUL
SEP
NOV
2009
MAY
Sponsor ballotrecirculation
TGw timelineTGw timeline
D4
D5
Final ECapproval
802.11u Int e rw ork ing Wi th
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Ex t e rnal Net w ork s
Main goal is to enable Interworking with external networks,including other 802 based networks such as 802.16 and802.3 and 3GPP based IMS networks.
TGu specification deals with
Network discovery
Emergency call support (e911)
Roaming
Location and availability
The network discovery capabilities give a station looking toconnect information about
Networks in range
Service providers
Subscription status with service providers
Type of QoS thats available and whether the network issuitable for services like VoIP or video
802.11u makes 802.11 networks more like cellular networkswhere such information is provided by the infrastructure
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802.11u T im el ine
JUL
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2006 2007
SEP
NOV
JAN
MAR
MAY
JUL
2008
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JUL
2009
SEP
NOV
MAR
MAY
JAN
JAN
JUL
SEP
NOV
2010
D1
SG formed
PAR approved
WG formed
Jan-04
Jan-05
Dec-04
PAR = project authorization requestSG = study groupWG = working groupTG = task groupEC = executive committeeD1 = draft 1
WG ballotrecirculation
Sponsor ballotinitial
Sponsor ballotrecirculation
Final WGapproval
Final ECapproval
RevComapproval
D2
D3
D4
TGr timelineTGr timeline
D5
WG ballotinitial
Missing L ink bet w een IEEE 802 and
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g
3GPP IMS?
Liaison exists between 802.21, 802.11u,802.16g and 3GPP
802.21 MIH (media independenthandover)
GAS (generic advertising service) givesstations information about 802.11 and802.16 networks SSP, SSID, radio,available services, etc.
802.11u and 802.16g are defining protocols
to let a station to access the 802.21information server
802.11u, 802.16g Interworking
Cellular-like network discovery withinformation on service providers, QoS,
emergency call support (e911), roaming,location and availability
SSP (service subscription provider) carrieror operator
workingto make802wireless
networksmore l ikecellular
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Summary
Voice is migrating to IP
Femtocells are competing with dualmode Wi-Fi cell phones
We have looked at the emerging Wi-
Fi technology and standards aimed atmaking Wi-Fi voice grade and carriergrade
Lets move on into the realm ofFemtos!
A d
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Agenda
9:00 11:00 am FMC and Femtocell history, architecture andstandards
Fanny Mlinarsky, President, octoScope
Asa Kalavade, Founder and CTO, Tatara Systems
11:00 11:15 am Break
11:15 12:00 noon Femtocell regulatory issues
Barlow Keener, Keener Law Group
12:00 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 3:00 pm Focus on the physical layer Vicki Griffiths, Product Manager, Cellular Applications, picoChip Designs
David Donovan, Analog Devices
Tim Counihan, Director of Product Marketing, BitWave Semiconductor
3:00 3:15 pm Break
3:15 5:00 pm The Bridge from FMC to FMS Michael Blanchard, Sr. Product Manager, Femtocell Products, Airvana
Scott Poretsky, Director, Carrier Network Engineering, ReefPoint
A d
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Agenda
9:00 11:00 am FMC and Femtocell history, architecture andstandards
Fanny Mlinarsky, President, octoScope
Asa Kalavade, Founder and CTO, Tatara Systems
11:00 11:15 am Break
11:15 12:00 noon Femtocell regulatory issues
Barlow Keener, Keener Law Group
12:00 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 3:00 pm Focus on the physical layer Vicki Griffiths, Product Manager, Cellular Applications, picoChip Designs
David Donovan, Analog Devices
Tim Counihan, Director of Product Marketing, BitWave Semiconductor
3:00 3:15 pm Break
3:15 5:00 pm The Bridge from FMC to FMS Michael Blanchard, Sr. Product Manager, Femtocell Products, Airvana
Scott Poretsky, Director, Carrier Network Engineering, ReefPoint
A d
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Agenda
9:00 11:00 am FMC and Femtocell history, architecture andstandards
Fanny Mlinarsky, President, octoScope
Asa Kalavade, Founder and CTO, Tatara Systems
11:00 11:15 am Break
11:15 12:00 noon Femtocell regulatory issues
Barlow Keener, Keener Law Group
12:00 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 3:00 pm Focus on the physical layer Vicki Griffiths, Product Manager, Cellular Applications, picoChip Designs
David Donovan, Analog Devices
Tim Counihan, Director of Product Marketing, BitWave Semiconductor
3:00 3:15 pm Break
3:15 5:00 pm The Bridge from FMC to FMS Michael Blanchard, Sr. Product Manager, Femtocell Products, Airvana
Scott Poretsky, Director, Carrier Network Engineering, ReefPoint
A d
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Agenda
9:00 11:00 am FMC and Femtocell history, architecture andstandards
Fanny Mlinarsky, President, octoScope
Asa Kalavade, Founder and CTO, Tatara Systems
11:00 11:15 am Break
11:15 12:00 noon Femtocell regulatory issues
Barlow Keener, Keener Law Group
12:00 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 3:00 pm Focus on the physical layer Vicki Griffiths, Product Manager, Cellular Applications, picoChip Designs
David Donovan, Analog Devices
Tim Counihan, Director of Product Marketing, BitWave Semiconductor
3:00 3:15 pm Break
3:15 5:00 pm The Bridge from FMC to FMS Michael Blanchard, Sr. Product Manager, Femtocell Products, Airvana
Scott Poretsky, Director, Carrier Network Engineering, ReefPoint
Agenda
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Agenda
9:00 11:00 am FMC and Femtocell history, architecture andstandards
Fanny Mlinarsky, President, octoScope
Asa Kalavade, Founder and CTO, Tatara Systems
11:00 11:15 am Break
11:15 12:00 noon Femtocell regulatory issues
Barlow Keener, Keener Law Group
12:00 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 3:00 pm Focus on the physical layer Vicki Griffiths, Product Manager, Cellular Applications, picoChip Designs
David Donovan, Analog Devices
Tim Counihan, Director of Product Marketing, BitWave Semiconductor
3:00 3:15 pm Break
3:15 5:00 pm The Bridge from FMC to FMS Michael Blanchard, Sr. Product Manager, Femtocell Products, Airvana
Scott Poretsky, Director, Carrier Network Engineering, ReefPoint
Agenda
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Agenda
9:00 11:00 am FMC and Femtocell history, architecture andstandards
Fanny Mlinarsky, President, octoScope
Asa Kalavade, Founder and CTO, Tatara Systems
11:00 11:15 am Break
11:15 12:00 noon Femtocell regulatory issues
Barlow Keener, Keener Law Group
12:00 1:00 pm Lunch
1:00 3:00 pm Focus on the physical layer Vicki Griffiths, Product Manager, Cellular Applications, picoChip Designs
David Donovan, Analog Devices
Tim Counihan, Director of Product Marketing, BitWave Semiconductor
3:00 3:15 pm Break
3:15 5:00 pm The Bridge from FMC to FMS Michael Blanchard, Sr. Product Manager, Femtocell Products, Airvana
Scott Poretsky, Director, Carrier Network Engineering, ReefPoint