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A2 Unit F334: Chemistry of Materials
Topic 1: Whats in a medicine? (WM)
A study of medicines such as aspirin, their development, chemistry and synthesis, illustrating some of the features of the pharmaceutical industry.
The chemical ideas in this module are:
Phenols, carboxylic acids, esters, carbonyl compounds.
Acidbase reactions. Medicine manufacture and testing.
IR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy.
Topic AS code Number Assessable learning outcomesNumber of
questions
CGP-A2
Revision guide
(Page number)
Chemical
storylines
(Page number)
Chemical ideas
(Page number)
Equilibria
WM1i
Describe acids in terms of the BrnstedLowry
theory as proton donors, and bases as proton
acceptors.
5 4 180
WM1ii Identify the proton donor and proton acceptor in anacidbase reaction. 5 4 180
Bonding and
structure EL13i WM2
Draw andinterpretsimple electron dot-and-cross
diagrams to show how atoms bond through ionic,
covalent and dative covalent bonds.
2 5-6 36-37
EL13iii WM3 Describe a simple model of metallic bonding. 5 41
EL15 WM4
Use the electron pair repulsion principle to predict
and explain the shapes of simple molecules (such as
CH4, NH3, H2O and SF6) and ions (such as NH4+) with
up to six outer pairs of electrons. (any combination
of bonding pairs and lone pairs) (no treatment ofhybridisation or molecular orbitals is expected).
1 7 44-46
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EL14 WM5
Recall the typical physical properties (melting point,
solubility in water, ability to conduct electricity)
characteristic of giant lattice (metallic, ionic,
covalent network) and simple molecular structure
types (synoptic).
6 117
Organic
functional
groups
WM6iRecogniseandwriteformulae for members of the
following homologous series: diols.1 8
WM6iiRecogniseandwriteformulae for members of the
following homologous series: diamines. 28
WM6iiiRecogniseandwriteformulae for members of the
following homologous series: dicarboxylic acids10
WM6ivRecogniseandwriteformulae for members of the
following homologous series:phenols.2 12 280, 303-304
WM6vRecogniseandwriteformulae for members of the
following homologous series: acyl chlorides.13 339-340
WM6viRecogniseandwriteformulae for members of the
following homologous series: acid anhydrides.340-341
WM6viiRecogniseandwriteformulae for members of the
following homologous series: esters. 6 10 307-311
WM7iUse systematic nomenclature to name and interpret
the names of diols.8
PR5iii WM7iiUse systematic nomenclature to name and interpret
the names of carboxylic acids.1 10
WM7iiiUse systematic nomenclature to name and interpret
the names of dicarboxylic acids.10
PR5i WM7ivUse systematic nomenclature to name and interpret
the names of aldehydes.1 14 316
PR5ii WM7v Use systematic nomenclature to name and interpretthe names of ketones. 14 316
WM7vi
Use systematic nomenclature to name and interpret
the names of other organic compounds whose
naming was required in the AS course (synoptic).
4 8
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ES21,
ES23iiiWM8i
Recall the reactions (as described in the modules
named) of halogenoalkanes(ES).9 288-294
PR10i-
PR10iiiWM8ii
Recall the reactions (as described in the modules
named) ofalkenes(PR).9 272-277
PR11i-
PR11iiiWM8iii
Recall the reactions (as described in the modules
named) of alcohols (PR) (synoptic).3 9 317
WM9
Describe and explain the acidic nature of carboxylic
acids, and their reaction with alkalis and carbonates.
Drawa carboxylate ion and describeits properties.
4 10 317
WM10
Describe the reaction of alcohols with carboxylic
acids in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid or
concentrated hydrochloric acid to form esters.
5 10 305
WM11i
Describethe following properties of phenols: acidic
nature, and their reaction with alkalis but not
carbonates.
5 12 304
WM11ii
Describethe following properties of phenols: test
with neutral iron(III) chloride solution, to give a
purple colouration.
3 12 304
WM11iiiDescribethe following properties of phenols:
reaction with acyl chlorides to form esters.1 13 309
WM12i
Describe the following reactions involving carbonyl
compounds (aldehydes and ketones): formation of
carbonyl compounds by oxidation of alcohols using
acidified dichromate with the need to distil in the
case of aldehydes (synoptic).
14 318
WM12ii
Describe the following reactions involving carbonyl
compounds (aldehydes and ketones): the oxidation
of aldehydes to carboxylic acids using acidified
dichromate, under reflux.
1 14 318
WM12iii
Describe the following reactions involving carbonyl
compounds (aldehydes and ketones): reaction with
hydrogen cyanide to form the cyanohydrin.
3 15 319
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WM13
Describethe techniques for heating and purifying
volatile liquids: heating under reflux and distillation
(synoptic).
2 14 367-368
WM13
Describe the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition
reaction between a carbonyl compound and
hydrogen cyanide, using curly arrows and bond
polarities.
3 15 319
Reaction
mechanisms WM14
Understandthat more effective medicines can be
obtained by modifying the structure of existing
medicines.
18 8-11
WM15
Discuss given examples and understandthat
combinatorial chemistry is used to make a large
number of related compounds together, so that
their potential effectiveness as medicines can be
assessed by large-scale screening.
18 159
ES14i WM16iRecall the meaning of the concept atom economy
(synoptic).1 16-17 334
WM16ii
Understand that most reactions used in chemical
synthesis can be classified as: rearrangement,
addition, substitution, elimination.
1 16 360
WM16iiiUnderstand that a condensation reaction is addition
followed by elimination.2 16 110
WM16iv
Recall andUnderstand that rearrangement and
addition reactions have a higher atom economy than
substitution and condensation reactions, which have
a higher atom economy than elimination reactions.
3 16-17 360-361
WM16v
Discuss the importance of atom economy and
reaction type in working towards the development
of environmentally friendly industrial processes in
the production of polymers and medicines.
6 19 362-364
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WM17
Understandthat testing a medicine involves clinical
trials which answer the following questions about a
potential new drug:
Step IIs it safe?
Step IIDoes it work?
Step IIIIs it better than the standard treatment?
2 18-19 13-15 -
WM18i
Describe the technique of thin-layer
chromatography (TLC), including location of spots
using iodine or ultraviolet radiation, and interpret
results in terms of number of spots and matching
heights or Rf values with known compounds.
1 21 176-177, 369
Modern
analytical
techniques
WM18iiUnderstand that chromatography can be used for
the purification of an organic substance.21-22, 45 178
EL21ii WM19iInterpret and predict mass spectra: identifythe M+
peak and explain that it indicates the Mr (synoptic).23-25 6-7 139-146
WM19ii
Interpret and predict mass spectra: explain how the
molecular formula can be worked out from the high-
resolution value of the M+peak.
1 23-25 6-7 139-146
EL21iii WM19iii
Interpret and predict mass spectra: recall that other
peaks are due to positive ions from fragments and
the mass differences between peaks.
2 23-25 6-7 139-146
WM19iv
Interpret and predict mass spectra: suggestthe
origins of peaks, e.g. peaks at masses of 15 and 77
are usually due to the presence of the methyl and
phenyl positive ions.
1 23-25 6-7 139-146
WM19v
Interpret and predict mass spectra: indicate the loss
of groups of atoms, e.g. loss of a methyl group would
be indicated by a mass difference of 15.
3 23-25 6-7 139-146
WM20i
Use information given in the Data Sheet tointerpret
andpredictinfrared spectra for organic compounds,
in terms of the functional group(s) present.
8 20 5 132-139
WM20iiUnderstand that specific frequencies of infrared
radiation make specific bonds vibrate more.20 5 132-139
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Unit 2: The Materials Revolution (MR)
A study of condensation polymers and other modern materials.
The chemical ideas in this module are:
Condensation polymers.
Amines and amides.
Factors affecting the properties of polymers.
Disposal of polymers.
Topic AS Code Number Assessable learning outcomesNumber of
questions
CGP-A2
Revision guide
(Page number)
Chemical
storylines
(Page number)
Chemical ideas
(Page number)
Bonding and
structure
ES6 MR1i Explain the term electronegativity. 1 26-27 40-41
MR1iiRecall qualitatively the electronegativity trends in the
Periodic Table.26-27 40-41
MR1iiiUse relative electronegativity values to predict bond
polarity in a covalent bond.97
MR1iv
Decide whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar from
its shape and the polarity of its bonds. 27
ES7i MR2i
Explain, give examples of and recognise in given
examples the following types of intermolecular bonds:
instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole bonds (including
dependence on branching and chain length of organic
molecules).
3 27 93-98
ES7ii MR2ii
Explain, give examples of and recognise in given
examples the following types of intermolecular bonds:
permanent dipolepermanent dipole bonds.
2 27 93-98
PR1i MR2iii
Explain, give examples of and recognise in given
examples the following types of intermolecular bonds:
hydrogen bonds (synoptic).
2 27 93-98
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MR3i
Explain and predict the effect of temperature on the
properties of polymers: intermolecular bonds have
more effect as the temperature is lowered; a polymer
softens above its Tmand becomes brittle below its Tg.
3 34 111
MR3ii
Explain and predict the effect of crystallinity on the
properties of polymers: (regular packing of the chains,
due to the regular structure of the polymer)the
chains are closer and the intermolecular bonds have
more effect, leading to greater strength.
6 34 107-108
MR3iii
Explain and predict the effect of chain length on the
properties of polymers: there are more intermolecular
bonds leading to greater strength.
34 112
MR3iv
Explain and predict the effect of chain length on the
properties of polymers: explain that flexibility depends
on the ability of the polymer chains to slide over each
other.
1 34 107-108
MR4
Explain the following ways that chemists can modify
the properties of a polymer to meet particular needs:
cold drawing to make the structure more crystalline,
copolymerisation and the use of plasticisers.
3 35 113
MR5
Understand that the properties of all materials depend
on their structure and bonding andexplain examples
given relevant information.
1 34-35 113
Organicfunctionalgroups
MR6iRecognise members of the following homologous
series: amines.2 28 320
MR6iiRecognise members of the following homologous
series: amides.6 29 323
MR7
Use systematic nomenclature to name and interpret
the names of aliphatic primary amines and diamines
(use the prefix amino- for the NH2group together with
the parent hydrocarbon, e.g. 2-aminopropane, 1,6-
diaminohexane).
4 28 320
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Organic
reactionsMR8
Explain the difference between additionand
condensationpolymerisation.1 31
107, 110, 324-
325
MR9
Predict the structural formula of the condensation &
addition polymers formed from given monomer(s), and
vice versa.
10 31-32 19-20 107,110
MR10
Describe the hydrolysis of esters and amides by both
aqueous acids and alkalis, including salt formation
where appropriate.
3 29
309-310
(esters)
323-324
(amides)
MR11Describe the following reactions of amines:
neutralisation by acids, acylation to form an amide.1 19 322-323
MR12i
Recall the procedure for purifying an organic solid
product by recrystallisation, and explain that the
solvent used must be one in which the substance is
very soluble at higher temperatures and insoluble, or
nearly so, at lower temperatures.
2 30 369-370
MR12ii
Recall the procedure for purifying an organic solid
product by recrystallisation, and explain that the
solvent used is saturated by the substance at higher
temperatures, and on cooling the substance then
crystallises out, to leave the impurities in solution.
2 30 369-370
Reaction
mechanisms MR13
Explain the basic nature of the amino group, in terms
of a lone pair on the nitrogen accepting a proton to give
a cation.
2 28 321
Applications
MR14i
Understandhow the principles of green chemistry are
important in the manufacture, use, recycling and the
eventual disposal of polymers, including: minimising
any hazardous waste during production of raw
materials and their resulting polymers to reduce any
negative impact on the environment.
3 32-33 26 364-366
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MR14ii
Understandhow the principles of green chemistry are
important in the manufacture, use, recycling and the
eventual disposal of polymers, including: reducing
carbon emissions resulting from the life cycle of a
polymer.
32-33 364-366
MR14iii
Understandhow the principles of green chemistry are
important in the manufacture, use, recycling and the
eventual disposal of polymers, including: recycling to
produce energy and chemical feedstocks.
32-33 364-366
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Unit 3: The thread of life (TL)
A study of proteins and enzymes. DNA and its use in synthesising proteins.
The chemical ideas in this module are:
rates of reaction;
enzymecatalysis;
optical isomerism;
amino acid and protein chemistry;
the structure and function of DNA.
Topic AS Code Number Assessable learning outcomesNumber of
questions
CGP-A2
Revision guide
(Page number)
Chemical
storylines
(Page number)
Chemical ideas
(Page number)
Kinetics TL1i Explain and use the terms: rate constant, including units. 2 39
TL1ii Explain and use the terms: rate of reaction. 36 210
TL1iiiExplain and use the terms: order of reaction(both
overall and with respect to a given reagent)38 219-220
TL2iUse empirical rate equations of the form: rate =
k[A]m[B]nwhere m and n are integers. 2 38
TL2ii Carry out calculations based on the rate equation. 1 37-41 225
TL2iiiUnderstand that the rate constant k increases with
increasing temperature.1 38 221
TL2ivDescribe of the concentration of reactants affects the
rate of reaction.
TL3i
Understand that these experimental methods can be
used in a school laboratory for following a reaction:
titration.
2 36
TL3ii
Understand that these experimental methods can be
used in a school laboratory for following a reaction:
colorimetry.
4 36 224
TL3iii
Understand that these experimental methods can be
used in a school laboratory for following a reaction:
measuring volumes of gases evolved.
2 36 216-217
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TL3iv
Understand that these experimental methods can be
used in a school laboratory for following a reaction: pH
measurement.
1 36
TL3v
Understand that these experimental methods can be
used in a school laboratory for following a reaction:
measuring mass changes.
1 36 217
TL4i Design experiments to calculate the rate of reaction. 2 36 216-225
TL4ii Calculate the rate of the reaction. 2 36 216-225
TL5 Use given data to calculate half-lives for a reaction. 1 40-41 221-228
TL6
Use experimental data (half-lives or initial rates when
varying concentrations are used) to find the order of a
reaction (zero-, first- or second-order), and hence
constructa rate equation for the reaction.
5 40-41, 44 223-228
TL7Use the term rate-determining step to describe the
slowest step in a reaction.2 42 225
TL8i
Explain the shape of the rate versus substrate
concentration curve for an enzyme-catalysed reaction in
terms of the rate-determining step: at low
concentrations of substrate the order with respect to the
substrate is one.
2 43 230-231
TL8ii
Explain the shape of the rate versus substrate
concentration curve for an enzyme-catalysed reaction in
terms of the rate-determining step: at higher
concentrations of substrate the order with respect to the
substrate is zero.
1 43 230-231
TL8iii
Explain, given the necessary data, the useful information
about the mechanism of a reaction that can be obtained
from the rate-determining step.
1 42-43 225-228
Organic
functional
groups
TL9
Recognise and describe the generalised structure of
amino acids and recall that proteins are condensation
polymers formed from amino acid monomers.
5 45-46 38 326
TL10iDescribe the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of
proteins.1 46 39-40 328
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TL10ii
Explain the importance of amino acid sequence in
determining the properties of proteins, and account for
the diversity of proteins in living things.
46 36-40
TL11
Explain the role of hydrogen bonds and other
intermolecular bonds in determining the secondary and
tertiary structures, and hence the properties of proteins.
1 47 39-40 328
Organicreactions
TL12 Describe the acidbase properties of amino acids. 1 45 326
TL13
Recall that amino acids usually exist as zwitterions. and
describetheir properties. 3 45 326
TL14iDescribe the formation and hydrolysis of the peptide link
between amino acid residues in proteins.1 329
TL14ii
Describe the use of paper chromatography to identify
amino acids, including the need for a suitable locating
agent, such as ninhydrin.
45 369
TL15iDescribe the characteristics of enzyme catalysis,
including:temperature sensitivity.3 54 44
TL15iiDescribe the characteristics of enzyme catalysis,
including: specificity.54 42
TL15iiiDescribe the characteristics of enzyme catalysis,
including:inhibition.55 43
TL15ivDescribe the characteristics of enzyme catalysis,
including:pH sensitivity.1 54 41-45
TL16i
Explain these characteristics of enzyme catalysis in terms
of a three-dimensional active site (part of the tertiary
structure) to which the substrate forms intermolecular
bonds.
3 54 41-45
TL16iiRecall that molecules acting as inhibitors bind to active
sites but do not react.55 41-45 230
TL17
Understand that DNA is a condensation polymer formed
from nucleotides, which are monomers having three
components: phosphate, sugar and base.
1 48 46-49
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TL18
Explain, using the structures on the Data Sheet, how:
phosphate units join by condensation with deoxyribose
to form the phosphatesugar backbone in DNA.
1 48 46-49
TL19i
Explain, using the structures on the Data Sheet, how: the
four bases present in DNA join by condensation with the
deoxyribose in the phosphate sugar backbone.
1 48 46-49
TL19ii
Explain, using the structures on the Data Sheet, how:
two strands of DNA form a double-helix structure
through base pairing.
2 49 46-49
TL19iiiUnderstand that various models were devised before
the currently accepted version was formulated.2 48
TL20
Using the structures on the Data Sheet, describe and
explain the significance of hydrogen bonding in the
pairing of bases in DNA, and relate to the replication of
genetic information.
2 50 49
TL21Use the diagram on the Data Sheetto explainhow DNA
encodes for an amino acid sequence in a protein.2 52-53 50-52
Isomerism
DF19 TL22
Draw andinterpretstructural formulae (full, shortened
and skeletal).
DF20 TL23i
Use the concept of repulsion of areas of electron density
to deducethe bond angles in organic molecules
(including double bonds, no treatment of small deviation
of angle due to lone pair repulsion required)
56 269, 273
DF21 TL23iiRelate molecular shape to structural formulae and use
wedges and dotted lines to represent 3D shape.1 56-57 44
DF23 TL23iii Recognise anddraw structural isomers. 56 47-50
PR13i TL23iv
Recognise where E/Zisomerism occurs, explaining it in
terms of lack of free rotation about C=C bonds when
there are two different groups on each carbon.
4 56 50-51
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PR13ii TL23v
Draw andinterpret diagrams to represent E/Z isomers
for alkenes which have the same groups on both sides of
the double bond (Eopposite sides of bond; Zsame
side of bond); in such molecules, describe E as trans
and Z as cis and extend this cistrans nomenclature to
other, more complicated, alkenes (synoptic) (knowledge
of CahnIngoldPrelog priority rules will not be required)
56 50-51
TL24i
Draw andinterpret diagrams to represent optical
stereoisomers of molecules. 1 57 52-54
TL24ii Explain and usethe term chiral as applied to a molecule. 7 57 52-54
TL24iiiExplainthat enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror
image molecules.4 57 52-54
ApplicationsTL25
Understandthat DNA analysis can be used for genetic
fingerprinting.1 51 53-54
TL26Discuss the ethical issues of using and storing data from
human DNA analysis, given examples.1 51 53-54
TL27
Givenexamples, understandthe industrial importance
of enzymes and of their contribution to green chemistry
processes.
53 363-364
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Dr A. Johnston, Southampton, 2014
Unit 4: The Steel Story (SS)
An account of the production, properties and uses of steel, with reference to other metals.
The chemical ideas in this module are:
Redox reactions.
Electrode potentials.
d-block chemistry.
Colorimetry.
TopicAS
CodeNumber Assessable learning outcomes
Number of
questions
CGP-A2
Revision guide
(Page number)
Chemical
storylines
(Page number)
Chemical ideas
(Page number)
Formulae,
equations
and
amount of
substance
SS1iUse the concept of amount of substance to calculate
molecular formulae.
ES1ii SS1iiUse the concept of amount of substance to calculate
percentage yields.357-358
DF1i SS1iiiUse the concept of amount of substance to calculate
volumes of gases.
10-11
ES1v SS1ivUse the concept of amount of substance to calculate
volumes of solutions of known concentrations.2 12-13
SS1vUse the concept of amount of substance to calculate
balanced chemical equations (synoptic).
ES1iii SS1vi
Use the concept of amount of substance to calculate
amount of substance to calculate mass/amount of
reactant or product.
59 8
EL1iii SS2iWrite andinterpret balanced equations, given the
necessary information (synoptic).5 7
ES1vii SS2ii Write andinterpret balanced ionic equations given thenecessary information (synoptic).
5 85, 250
ES2 SS3
Given the necessary information,describe andexplain
procedures for acidbase (synoptic) and redox titrations
and carry out non-structured calculations based on the
results.
7 59
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Bonding and
structure
SS4i Use andexplain the term coordination number. 2 68-69 258-260
SS4ii
Draw andname the shapes of complexes with
coordination numbers 4 (square planar and tetrahedral)
and 6 (octahedral).
3 68-69 258-259
Redox
SS5i
Given the necessary information,describe redox reactions
of d-block elements (and main group elementssynoptic)
in terms of electron transfer.
1 60 193-194
SS5ii
Given the necessary information,describe redox reactions
of d-block elements assigning oxidation states. 5 60 194-197
SS5iii
Given the necessary information,describe redox reactions
of d-block elements using half-equations to represent the
oxidation and reduction reactions (synoptic).
2 61 198-199
SS5iv
Given the necessary information,describe redox reactions
of d-block elements combining half equations to give the
overall equation for the reaction.
5 60-61 199
SS5v
Given the necessary information,describe redox reactions
of d-block elements recognising the oxidising and
reducing agents.
8 60-61 198-199
SS5vi
Given the necessary information,describe redox reactions
of d-block elements defining oxidation and reduction in
terms of loss and gain of electrons.
2 60-61 198-199
SS6
Usesystematic nomenclature to nameand interpretthe
names of inorganic compounds [ie copper(II) sulfide,
lead(II) nitrate(V), potassium manganate(VII), not complex
ions]
1 196-197
SS7Recalland explainthe procedure for carrying out a redox
titration involving manganate(VII) ions.59
SS8i
Describethe construction of simple electrochemical cells
involving: metal ion/metal half-cells. 1 62 199-204
SS8ii
Describethe construction of simple electrochemical cells
involving: half-cells based on different oxidation states of
the same element in aqueous solution with a platinum or
other inert electrode.
1 62 199-204
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SS8iiiDescribethe construction of simple electrochemical cells,
involving acidified cells.62 199-204
SS9i
Explainand use the term standard electrode potential and
understandhow a standard electrode potential is
measured using a hydrogen electrode (details of electrode
not required).
62 199-204
SS9iiExplain the action of an electrochemical cell in terms of
half-equations and external electron flow.62 199-204
SS10i Usestandard electrode potentials to calculateEcell. 3 63 203-204
SS10iiUsestandard electrode potentials to predict the feasibility
of redox reactions.4 63 206-208
SS10iii
Understand that the rate of reaction may be an important
factor in deciding whether the reaction actually takes
place under standard conditions.
208
SS11
Describerusting in terms of electrochemical processes
involving iron, oxygen and water, and the subsequent
reactions to form rust.
64-65 204
SS12i
Describeandexplain approaches to corrosion prevention:
sacrificial protection by galvanising and use of zinc blocks. 64-65
SS12ii
Describeandexplain approaches to corrosion prevention:
barrier protection using oil, grease, paint or a polymer
coating.
64-65 67-68
SS13i
Describe andexplain the issues involved in the recycling
of iron and steel: all steel packaging except aerosols can
be recycled.
64-65 69-70
SS13iiDescribe andexplain the issues involved in the recycling
of iron and steel: cleaning by incineration.64-65
SS13iii
Describe andexplain the issues involved in the recycling
of iron and steel: ease of sorting using magnetic
properties.
64-65
SS13iv
Describe andexplain the issues involved in the recycling
of iron and steel: composition of new steel easily
adjusted.
64-65
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SS13v
Describe andexplain the issues involved in the recycling
of iron and steel: scrap is used to adjust temperature of
furnace.
64-65
Inorganic
chemistry
and the
Periodic
Table
SS14
Given the necessary information,explain the chemical
processes occurring during the extraction and purification
of metals from their ores.
1 65 59-63
EL16i SS15i
Recall that the Periodic Table lists elements in order of
atomic (proton) number and groups elements together
according to their common properties.
66
ES11ii SS15iiRecall the classification of elements into s-, p- and d-
blocks.66 26-30
ES11iii SS15iii
Recall and explain the relationship between the position
of an element in the Periodic Table and the charge on its
ion.
66 33-35
ES11iv SS15ivRecall the names and formulae of NO3, SO42, CO32, OH,
NH4+, HCO3-.2 70
SS15vWrite formulae for compounds formed between these
ions and other given anions and cations (synoptic).6
SS16i
Recall that transition metals are d-block elements forming
one or more stable ions which have incompletely filled d-
orbitals.
1 66 251-253
SS16iiRecall the common oxidation states of iron and copper
and the colours of their aqueous ions.2 67
SS17i
Describe the colour changes in and write ionic equations
for the reactions of: Fe2+(aq), Fe3+(aq) and Cu2+(aq) ions
with sodium hydroxide solution.
3 70
SS17iiDescribe the colour changes in and write ionic equations
for the reactions of: Cu2+(aq) ions with ammonia solution.70
ES3 SS18
Use conventions for representing the distribution of
electrons in atomic orbitals (no treatment of the shapes of
atomic orbitals is expected).
66 252
7/24/2019 OCR B F334 Specification Points
20/21
Dr A. Johnston, Southampton, 2014
ES4 SS19i
Write out the electronic configuration, using sub-shells
and atomic orbitals, for atoms and ions of the first row of
the d-block elements (and the main group elements up to
kryptonsynoptic).
4 66 252
SS19ii
Use the electronic configuration, using sub-shells and
atomic orbitals, for atoms and ions of the first row of the
d-block elementstoexplain the existence of variable
oxidation states, in terms of the stability of d orbital
electron arrangements.
71 255-256
SS20i
Explain the catalytic activity of transition metals and their
compounds: homogeneous catalysis in terms of variable
oxidation states.
4 71 256-257
SS20ii
Explain the catalytic activity of transition metals and their
compounds: heterogeneous catalysis in terms of the
ability of transition metals to use (3)d and (4)s electrons of
the atoms on the catalyst surface to form weak bonds to
reactants.
1 71 256-257
SS21i Explain anduse the terms: ligand. 1 68 258-261
SS21ii Explain anduse the terms: complex/complex ion. 68 258-261
SS21iii Explain anduse the terms: ligand substitution. 68 258-261
SS22
Recall the formulae of the following examples of complex
ions from the chemistry of: iron: [Fe(H2O)6]2+, [Fe(H2O)6]3+;
copper: [Cu(H2O)6]2+, [Cu(NH3)4]2+, [CuCl4]2-.
3 68 261
SS23
Describe the formation of complexes in terms of
coordinate (dative) bonding betweenligand and central
metal ion.
2 68 258-261
SS24Explain the terms bidentate and polydentate as applied to
ligands, exemplified by ethanedioate and EDTA4.1 68 260-261
SS25iRecall that the ions of transition metals in solution are
often coloured.3 72 262-263
7/24/2019 OCR B F334 Specification Points
21/21
Dr A. Johnston, Southampton, 2014
SS25ii
Explain that this is because they absorb in specific parts of
the visible spectrum and transmit the complementary
frequencies (no explanation in terms of energy levels is
required in this unit)
2 72 262-263
SS26i Describe andexplain a simple colorimeter 72-73 372-373
SS26ii
Use colorimetric measurements to determine the
concentration
of a coloured solution:
(i) Choose suitable filter/set wavelength.(ii) Make up standard solutions of coloured solution.
(iii) Zero colorimeter with tube of water/solvent.
(iv) Measure absorbance of standard solutions.
(v) Plot calibration curve.
(vi) Measure absorbance of unknown.
(vii) Read off concentration from calibration curve.
4 73 372-373