A Presentation On
MICROCONTROLLER BASED OBSTACLE DETECTOR ROBOT
Guide:
Prof. SAJID NAEEM
Department of Electronic Science
AKI’s Poona College of Arts, Science & Commerce
Camp, Pune- 411001
Completed By
Yusuf Inamdar
Irfan Ahmad
M.Sc-II (Electronics)
An Overview of Presentation Introduction Design & Development of Obstacle
detector Robot Study of Obstacle sensors Working of microcontroller & Motors Advantages, Disadvantages & Applications Acknowledgement & References
INTRODUCTIONRobot is a computer-controlled machine that is
programmed to move manipulate objects, and accomplish work while interacting with appropriate sensors and actuators mounted on it for carrying out the desired operations.
In this robots Infra red pairs are used for sensing the obstacles and IR leads are used for transmitting and receiving infra red rays. Using infrared rays robots will find out the obstacles present in front of them and move right or left from their current position and move forward.
Obstacle detection robots are nothing but self thinking robots which can take decisions itself using programmed brain without any guidance from human beings.
There are two types of robots in one type robots perform action as we give signals remotely where as second type of robots are self thinking robots which can detect obstacle and move forward. This project is of second robots.
Design and Development of
Obstacle Detector Robot
Graphical Block diagram: Obstacle Detector Robot
Block diagram: Obstacle Detector Robot
Interfacing circuit of Robot
Interfacing circuit of Robot
OBSTACLE SENSORS
The obstacle senor is used to avoid the robot from the clash to any external devices (or) that is like walls, any obstacle which comes in its way. Here we are using the IR communications .the transmitter and the receiver parts. The transmitter produces the IR rays and they are received by the receiver section.
Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller
Features RAM 128bytes ROM 4K I/O 4 ports Timer 2 Interrupt 6
Pin diagram of IC AT89C51
Atmel
Dallas Semiconductor
Intel
Microchip
National Semiconductor
Texas Instruments
MANUFACTURE S OF MICROCONTROLLER
The name "H-Bridge" is derived from the actual shape of the switching circuit which controls the motion of the motor. It is also known as "Full Bridge". Basically there are four switching elements in the H-Bridge as shown in the figure below.
H-BRIDGE MOTOR DRIVER
Truth Table
High Left High Right Low Left Low Right Description
On Off Off On Motor runs clockwise
Off On On Off Motor runs anti-clockwise
On On Off Off Motor stops or decelerates
Off Off On On Motor stops or decelerates
Direction P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3
Forward 1 0 1 0
Backward 0 1 0 1
Right 1 0 0 1
Left 0 1 1 0
Logic Table of the Circuit
An actuator which converts electrical signal into rotation”.
Electrical motor
Why only DC motor?
We all know that AC motors are normally constant speed motors. Variable speed ac drives uses very complex circuitry because the ac motor speed is varied by the frequency variation and is not quite easy.
Stepper motor gives calculated angle of rotation they take number of steps in one revolution they cannot be stopped in between the step. Also they are not constant running motors their use is limited to the area where you want calculated steps to be taken such as printers, plotters, and other similar applications.
Dc motors are widely used in industry where wide range of variable speed is required.
High starting torque & easy speed variations are some of the other characteristics of DC motors.
Advantages of DC motor:-
Step1: Initialization of I/O ports. Step2: Set Direction as Forward/ Backward/ Left/
Right. Step3: check if any obstacle is detected according to
that change the motion of Robot. If no then Robot will goes in forward direction.
Step4: Wait for some time. Step5: go to step 3 to repeat the process. Step7: Wait for some time. Step 8: End
ALGORITHM
FLOW CHART
Advantages : Whenever robot senses any obstacle automatically diverts its position to
left or right and follows the path without human guidance. The programming of the microcontroller is easy. It is a low cost circuit.
Disadvantages : It is time consuming project. It is use for short distance only. It is not recommended to keep the range very long because this would
cause the ROBOT to keep moving forward and backward as it senses any obstacle, even far away from it.
It is not in human control
Advantages & Disadvantages
ApplicationsObstacle sensing robot can be applied at the
toys where small children will play.It can used for the army application.We can apply number pairs of IR pairs for the
safe direction control of the robot. In Mines.
FUTURE ASPECTS:We can extend this project with wireless
technology by IR (or) RF.This robot can be used for pick and place the
required object by giving directions to the robot but IR pair should be replaced depending upon the application.
By doing extra things, it can be use in Army application.
Photographs:
ReferencesBOOKS:
1.The 8051 microcontroller & Embedded System
( Mazidi , Pearson Education ,III edition)2.Mechatronics Principle and Applications
(Godfrey Onwobolu, Pearson Education)3.Embedded System ( Rajkamal, Pearson Education, II edition)4. .Introduction to Robotics
(Vikram Kapila, Pearson Education,IV Edition)
Website:http://mechatronics.poly.eduhttp://www.roboticswikipedia.comhttp://www.mecatronicswikipedia.comhttp://www.datasheets.comhttp://www.J2RScientific.comhttp://www.expresspcb.comhttp://www.kiel51.comhttp://www.8051microcontroller.com
The power of imagination makes us infinite.
Presented by : YUSUF INAMDAR and
IRFAN AHMAD