NSCI 324*Systems Neuroscience
Doug MunozCentre for Neuroscience StudiesBotterell Hall, room [email protected]
Tutorial: Monday Jan 23, 2012 10:30amBotterell B147TA: Jay Jantz ([email protected])
NSCI 324*Systems Neuroscience
Vision and Oculomotor Control (Dr. Munoz)January 10 The retina January 13 Central Visual PathwaysJanuary 16 Dr. Munoz Tutorial: January 16 Higher Visual functions January 17 Oculomotor System I. Basic organization January 20 Oculomotor System II. Vestibulo-ocular reflexJanuary 23 Dr. Munoz tutorial:January 23 Oculomotor System III. SaccadesJanuary 24 Basal Ganglia for cognitive and motor controlJanuary 27 review of Dr. Munoz lecture materialJanuary 30 Dr. Munoz exam in tutorial period
Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia• Collection of nuclei deep in telencephalon, diencephalon, and midbrain
• Play a very important role in cognition and motor control
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)• Putamen (P)
} Striatum
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)• Putamen (P)• Globus pallidus (GP)
} Lentiform nucleus
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)• Putamen (P)• Globus pallidus (GP)
•external segment (GPe)•Internal segment (GPi)
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)• Putamen (P)• Globus pallidus (GP)
•external segment (GPe)•Internal segment (GPi)
• Sustantia nigra (SN)•pars reticulata (SNpr)•pars compacta (SNpc)
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)• Putamen (P)• Globus pallidus (GP)
•external segment (GPe)•Internal segment (GPi)
• Sustantia nigra (SN)•pars reticulata (SNpr)•pars compacta (SNpc)
BG Output
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)• Putamen (P) •Globus pallidus (GP)•external segment (GPe)•Internal segment (GPi)• Sustantia nigra (SN)•pars reticulata (SNpr)•pars compacta (SNpc)• Subthalamic nucleus (STN)
•
Basal Ganglia• Caudate Nucleus (CN)• Putamen (P)• Globus pallidus (GP)
•external segment (GPe)•Internal segment (GPi)
• Sustantia nigra (SN)•pars reticulata (SNpr)•pars compacta (SNpc)•Subthalamic nucleus (STN)
} Striatum
BG Output
} Lentiform nucleus
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
GLU
GLU
GABA
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
GLU
GLU
GABASubstanceP
GABA DIR
ECT
PATH
WA
Y
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
GLU
GLU
GLUGABA
GABA
GABA
Enkephalin
IND
IREC
TPA
THW
AY
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
GLU
GLU
GABASubstanceP
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
Enkephalin
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
GLU
GLU
GABASubstanceP
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
Enkephalin
GLU
HYPERDIRECTPATHWAY
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
DA-D1: increase excitability in DIRECT pathwayDA-D2: decrease excitability in INDIRECT pathway
Channels through Basal Ganglia
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Parkinson’s Disease
• progressive degenerative disorder
• degeneration in substantia nigra pars compacta
• leads to reduced dopamine release in striatum (caudate and putamen)
• affects motor function
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of DA from SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of DA from SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of DA from SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of DA from SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of DA from SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Leads to reduced excitability in cortexinability to initiate movement
Parkinson’s Disease
What Causes Parkinson’s Disease?
Exogenous toxins Oxidative stress Genetic Predisposition Infection Drug-induced
loss of DA neurons in SNpc
100
Viab
le D
A N
euro
ns (%
)
Age (yrs)100
20-25Threshold for diagnosis
Loss of DA neurons leads to Parkinson’s
PD at 95+PD at 50+
100
Viab
le D
A N
euro
ns (%
)
Age (yrs)100
20-25Threshold for diagnosis
Loss of DA neurons leads to Parkinson’s
PD at 95+PD at 55+
Sudden Insult
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of DA from SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Leads to reduced excitability in cortexinability to initiate movement
Huntington’s Disease
•Inhereted (genetic) disorder that manifests in midlife
•Autosomal dominant trait
•Restlessness and choreiform (rapid, jerky) movements in arms and face
•Starts with degeneration in Indirect pathway
•Degeneration spreads through basal ganglia
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Simplified Basal Ganglia Circuit
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Huntington’s Disease: Degeneration in Basal Ganglia
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Huntington’s Disease: Degeneration in Basal Ganglia
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Huntington’s Disease: Degeneration in Basal Ganglia
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Huntington’s Disease: Degeneration in Basal Ganglia
Cortex
CaudatePutamen GPe
SNrGPi STNThalamus
SNpc
GLU
GLU
GABA
DA
GLU
GABA
GABA
GABA
D2
D1
Huntington’s Disease: Degeneration in Basal Ganglia
Leads to increased excitability in cortexinability to inhibit movement