NS1300 – Emergence of Modern Science
The Atom
If you cut something in half, then half again, then half
again, and so on, do you ever get to a point where you can’t cut
stuff up into anything smaller?• What is stuff made of, anyway?
• Can we make our own stuff?• What are metamaterials?• What other new materials are on the horizon?
The Atom
• Atomism
• The Exile of the Atom
• The atomic renaissance
• The search for the periodic table
Discovering the Atom
• Gas laws
• The law of definite proportions
• Radioactivity
• Brownian Motion
• X-ray crystallography
• Atomic microscopy
Atom Models
• Dalton’s Model
• Rutherford’s Model
• Bohr’s Model
• Are any of them right?
Discovering the Elements
• The story of the periodic table
The Periodic Table Tells the Story
The Making of an Atom
• The nucleus– Protons– neutrons
• Electron Shells– Electrons– Pauli Exclusion Principle– Electron levels– Valence
• Quantum Mechanics
Atoms and Light
• Photoelectric Effect
• Energy Levels are “quantized”
• Photosynthesis
Inside the Atom
• The universe is mostly empty space– Atoms• Electrons• Electron Clouds
• Nucleus– Protons– neutrons
• E = mc2
Atomic Mass
• Atomic Number
• Atomic Mass
Nuclear Forces
• Strong Force
• Weak Force
• Electromagnetic Force
• Wherefore art thou Grav-ity?
Isotopes
• Stable Isotopes
• Radioactive Isotopes
Radioactivity
• Alpha Decay
• Beta Decay
• Gamma Radiation
Radiometric Dating
• Half-Life
• Decay Chains
Nuclear Reactions
• Fission
• Fusion
Quiz• 1. T or F, electrons are smaller than protons.
• 2. T or F, the strong force produces gravity.
• 3. T or F, isotopes have more or less protons than normal atoms of a specific element.
• 4. T or F, fission occurs by the splitting of atomic nuclei.
• 5. T or F, this is a accurate model of an atom: