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NREGA
HUL286 Class presentationGroup 3
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The basic objective of the Act is to enhancelivelihood security in rural areas byProviding at least 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment in a financial year to everyBPL & APL household whose adult membersvolunteer to do unskilled manual work.
This work guarantee can also serves otherobjectives like
1. Generating productive assets,2. Protecting the environment, empowering
rural women,3. Reducing rural urban migration and
fostering social equity, among others.
Objectives and Goals
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The Gram Panchayat after due verification willissue a job card.The job card should be issued within 15 days
of application
A job card holder may submit a writtenapplication for employment to the GramPanchayat,
Employment will be given within 15 days if it is
not then daily unemployment allowance will begiven as per the Act
Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km
Wages are to be paid according to piece rate ordaily rate.
Salient Features of theAct
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Wages should be paid through Bank orpost office.At least one third beneficiaries shall be
women.Crche, drinking water, first aid kit and
shade facilities have to be provided.A 60:40 wage and material ration has
to be maintained.Shelf of projects for a village will be
recommended by the Gram Sabha .
No contractors and machinery isallowed.
Salient Features (contd.)
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1) Waterconservation and
Creating CommunityAssets
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7) Flood control and protection works,including drainage in waterlogged areas;
8) Rural connectivity to provide all-weatheraccess. The construction of roads mayinclude culverts where necessary, and withinthe village area may be taken up along withdrains;
9) Any work that may be notified by theCentral Government in consultation with theState Government.
Creating CommunityAssets(contd.)
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1. Increasing Employment Opportunities2. Enhancing Wage Earning and Impact on
Minimum Wage
3. Increasing Outreach to the poor andmarginalized
4. Strengthening Natural Base
5. Financial Inclusion of the poor
6. Insurance Coverage
Outcomes of NREGA
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Analysis
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Trilok meenaBhanudhay BirlaDevendra Meena
Lokesh BaswalParesh NagoreRam Cheez MeenaVijay Anjana
Data Used
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Sample size of 14 quite small.Equal number of men and women surveyedCaste of people: -
Background of people
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Age Distribution
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Analysis
Monthly Income ofrespondents
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Number of daysworked
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Income per day
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Ground Work
Keeping Records
Irrigation Work
Road/Levelling
Construction
Others
Types of work
done
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Other insights
Officials work
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Officials work distributionof job cards
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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Other details
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Maximum age of worker in the survey :- 43years.
No scope for old people??No child labor but people below 20 as extra
income source.Huge variation in monthly income.. Varying
from as much as 3500 to as low as zero.Large variation in working days as well, only
some being close to the promised 100.Variation in income per day from 60 to 140.This maybe due to the amount of work doneper day
Work done mainly in irrigation, road making
Summary of statisticalanalysis
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Both the genders not paid equallyInvolvement of middlemen violation of
Act.Improper attendance and corruption,
leading to fudging of muster rolls and fundsexploitation
Workers forced to work under sarpanch andprivate land owners farms another
violation of Act and misuse of position.Uneven and unjustified distribution of job
cards even the non-deserving people getcards and wages
Summary contd.
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Insufficient awareness of facilities grantedby the Act laxity of local officials, need ofcommunity building (example of Barwanidistrict)
Need for better working facilities likedrinking water, shade, crches etc.
Financial Inclusion all respondents have
bank accounts and money is transferredinto these accounts.
Summary contd.
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The Sarpanch has a lot of power in thesystem.
People close to the sarpanch can getproxies and therefore get paid for free.
The jobs cards are issued by the panchayat.As no incentive is given to the sarpanch andco. , the people are forced to remind thepanchayat lots of times to get the cardissued.
The sarpanch can make the people work inhis own private lands, thus robbing them oftheir income.
Issues raised
Sarpanch
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The labourers are illiterate. They face
difficulties in filling various forms likewithdrawal form of the bank. They areforced to depend on other people.
They are usually exploited, in the matter of
opening bank accounts.Work can be demanded by the people by
filling the C-6 form.The have no knowledge about the
unemployment allowance, which has to begiven if no job is available 15 days after thefilling of the C-6 form.
Illiteracy and Awareness
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Irregular attendance.Proxies by people close to the person in-
charge of attendance.People close to the sarpanch get job cards
and fake attendance.People get attendance and do not work,
reducing the overall work done in the day
and the income of the deserving people.
Attendance issues
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It causes labour shortage for the fields.It is increasing the labour cost and hence
the cost of vegetables and other products.NREGA is like giving free money to workers
i.e. they do very less work and get fullpayment and this is making the workerslazy.
Not much community assets are beingcreated to aid farming(though, the pie chartseems to show the opposite).
The state government of Bihar has decided
to integrate agriculture with NREGA, this isa ood si n for the farmers.
Issues raised by Farmers
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Labour shortage faced by urban industries(manufacturing and construction).
Use of machinery in NREGA which isprohibited by the act.
Quality of work has been very poor.Contractors are involved in the system
which is prohibited by the act.
Other issues
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There was great fraud in making (of job)cards, muster rolls were not maintainedproperly, and work was not provided to jobseekers.
Workers performed one day's job but theirattendance was put for 33 days.
The workers got money for one day whilewages for 32 days were misappropriated bythe people associated with the functioningof NREGA.
Job cards were found in the possession ofsarpanchs or other panchayat functionaries.
ob cards were fud ed and fake entries
Corruption in NREGA :Case Study
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In the country as a whole, around ten lakhrural BPL households paid bribes to avail ofNREGA benefits, to the tune of Rs 7.15crores in the course of one year !!
Around 47% of rural BPL households thatinteracted with the NREGA found theofficials/staff corrupt.
Half the households that paid bribes, did soto get registered for work under thescheme.
Source :- Centre for Media Studies (CMS) &Transparency International India (TII) in India
Corruption Study-2009
ugges ons o mprove
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Allowing NREGA work to be done in private lands ofsmall and marginal farmers.
Allowing private contractors to implement NREGAwork.
Permitting a new set of works that could be doneunder NREGA including, construction of buildings and
sports stadiums Appointment of ombudsman in each district for
grievance redressal Going beyond unskilled manual work by including
"measurable" semi-skilled services like fishery and
carpentry. Convergence with projects of other ministries. Appointing dedicated staff at the district level to
educate people of their rights.
ugges ons o mproveNREGA
Case study(village
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Goodness of the Act.1. Poor People and women are happy about
the act.2.People are Getting about 100 days of work
in a financial year and getting avg. 90Rs/day.
3. Less corruption due to transparency inthe system and social audit.
4. Empowerment to women.5. Reducing migration.
Case study(villageUmarthana, raj.)
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Negative side and suggestion :-1. All assets are useless excepting a pond.2. Work done under the scheme has destroyed
playground, pastures and spoiled so much land.3.Making ponds and roads are actually Machine
work but in this act, workers are doing this kind ofjob, it doesnt make any sense.
4.There are so many works that can be done byonly hand like Tree plantation, bricksmanufacturing, handicrafts, domestic industrialwork.
5. Villages are being dirty and ugly because of
the work. We have to make all villages clean andgreen not dirty and ugly.
6. We have to stabilize domestic industries in thevillages for development.
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Some pictures
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