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NomenclatureNomenclature
BYBY
ABHISHEK JAGUESSARABHISHEK JAGUESSAR
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NomenclatureNomenclaturePOPO44
33--
phosphate ionphosphate ion
CC22HH33OO
22
--
acetate ionacetate ion
HC2H3O2
Acetic Acid
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orms o em caorms o em ca
BondsBonds There are 3 forms bonding atoms:There are 3 forms bonding atoms: IonicIoniccompletecomplete transfertransfer of 1 orof 1 or
more electrons from one atom tomore electrons from one atom to
another (one loses, the otheranother (one loses, the othergains)gains)
CovalentCovalentsome valencesome valence
electronselectrons sharedshared between atomsbetween atoms
__________________ holds atoms of aholds atoms of ametal togethermetal together
Most bonds areMost bonds aresomewhere insomewhere in
between ionicbetween ionic
and covalent.and covalent.
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Common NamesCommon Names A lot of chemicals haveA lot of chemicals have
common names as well as thecommon names as well as theproper IUPAC name.proper IUPAC name.
Chemicals that should alwaysChemicals that should always
be named by common namebe named by common nameand never named by the IUPACand never named by the IUPACmethod are:method are:
HH22OO water, not dihydrogenwater, not dihydrogenmonoxidemonoxide
NHNH33 ammonia, not nitrogenammonia, not nitrogentrihydridetrihydride
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CATIONCATION ++
ANIONANION ------>>COMPOUNDCOMPOUND
CATIONCATION ++
ANIONANION ------>>COMPOUNDCOMPOUND
A neutral compoundA neutral compound
requiresrequiresequal number of +equal number of +
andand -- charges.charges.
A neutral compoundA neutral compound
requiresrequiresequal number of +equal number of +
andand -- charges.charges.
COMPOUNDCOMPOUND
S FORMEDS FORMEDFROM IONSFROM IONS
COMPOUNDCOMPOUND
S FORMEDS FORMEDFROM IONSFROM IONS
NaNa++
+ Cl+ Cl--
---->>NaClNaCl
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Predicting Charges on Monatomic IonsPredicting Charges on Monatomic IonsKNOW THESE !!!!KNOW THESE !!!!
+1 +2 -3 -2 -1 0
Cd+2
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Properties of Ionic CompoundsProperties of Ionic CompoundsForming NaCl from Na and ClForming NaCl from Na and Cl22
Properties of Ionic CompoundsProperties of Ionic CompoundsForming NaCl from Na and ClForming NaCl from Na and Cl22
Ametal atom canAmetal atom cantransfer an electron totransfer an electron toa nonmetal.a nonmetal.
The resulting cationThe resulting cationand anion areand anion areattracted to eachattracted to eachother byother byelectrostatic forceselectrostatic forces..
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IONICIONIC
COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
IONICIONIC
COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDSNH4
+
Cl-
ammonium chloride, NHammonium chloride, NH44ClCl
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Some Ionic CompoundsSome Ionic CompoundsSome Ionic CompoundsSome Ionic Compounds
MgMg2+2+ + N+ N--33 -------->>
MgMg33NN22
magnesiummagnesium nitridenitride
SnSn4+4+ + O+ O22-- -------->>
SnOSnO22Tin (IV) oxideTin (IV) oxide
calcium fluoridecalcium fluoride
CaCa2+2+ + 2 F+ 2 F-- ------>> CaFCaF22
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Formulas of Ionic CompoundsFormulas of Ionic Compounds
Formulas of ionic compounds areFormulas of ionic compounds aredetermined from the charges on the ionsdetermined from the charges on the ions
atomsatoms ionsionsyy yy yy yy
NaNa yy ++ yy F :F : pp NaNa++ : F :: F : pp NaFNaFyy yy yy yy
sodium + fluorine sodium fluoridesodium + fluorine sodium fluorideformulaformula
Charge balance:Charge balance: 1+1+ 11-- == 00
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Monatomic IonsMonatomic Ions
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Writing a FormulaWriting a Formula
Write the formula for the ionic compoundWrite the formula for the ionic compound
that will form between Bathat will form between Ba2+2+ and Cland Cl..
Solution:Solution:
1. Balance charge with + and1. Balance charge with + and ionsions2. Write the positive ion of metal first, and2. Write the positive ion of metal first, andthethe
negative ionnegative ion BaBa2+2+
ClCl
ClCl3. Write the number of ions needed as3. Write the number of ions needed as
subscriptssubscripts BaClBaCl22
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Learning CheckLearning Check
Write the correct formula for theWrite the correct formula for thecompounds containing the followingcompounds containing the followingions:ions:1.1. NaNa++,, SS22--
a) NaSa) NaS b) Nab) Na22SS c) NaSc) NaS222. Al2. Al3+3+, Cl, Cl--
a) AlCla) AlCl33 b) AlClb) AlCl c) Alc) Al33ClCl3. Mg3. Mg2+2+, N, N33--
a) MgNa) MgN b) Mgb) Mg22NN33 c) Mgc) Mg33NN22
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SolutionSolution
1. Na1. Na++,, SS22--
b) Nab) Na22SS
2. Al2. Al3+3+, Cl, Cl--
a) AlCla) AlCl333. Mg3. Mg2+2+, N, N33--
c) Mgc) Mg33NN22
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Naming CompoundsNaming CompoundsNaming CompoundsNaming Compounds
1. Cation first, then anion1. Cation first, then anion
2. Monatomic cation = name of the2. Monatomic cation = name of theelementelement
CaCa2+2+ == calciumcalcium ionion
3. Monatomic anion =3. Monatomic anion = rootroot ++ --ideide
ClCl == chlorchlorideide
CaClCaCl22 == calcium chlorcalcium chlorideide
Binary Ionic Compounds:Binary Ionic Compounds:
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Naming Binary IonicNaming Binary Ionic
CompoundsCompounds
Examples:Examples:
NaClNaCl
ZnIZnI22
AlAl22OO33
sodium chloride
zinc iodide
aluminum oxide
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Learning CheckLearning Check
Complete the names of the following binaryComplete the names of the following binarycompounds:compounds:
NaNa33NN sodiumsodium ________________________________
KBrKBr potassiumpotassium
________________________________
AlAl22OO33 aluminumaluminum
________________________________
MgSMgS
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Transition MetalsTransition Metals
Elements that can have more than oneElements that can have more than one
possible charge MUST have a Romanpossible charge MUST have a Roman
Numeral to indicate the charge on theNumeral to indicate the charge on the
individual ion.individual ion.
1+ or 2+ 2+ or 3+1+ or 2+ 2+ or 3+
CuCu++,, CuCu2+2+ FeFe2+2+, Fe, Fe3+3+
copper(I) ioncopper(I) ion iron(II) ioniron(II) ion
copper (II) ion iron(III) ioncopper (II) ion iron(III) ion
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Names of Variable IonsNames of Variable Ions
These elements REQUIRE Roman NumeralsThese elements REQUIRE Roman Numeralsbecause they can have more than one possiblebecause they can have more than one possiblecharge:charge:anything except Group 1A, 2A, Ag, Zn, Cd, andanything except Group 1A, 2A, Ag, Zn, Cd, and
AlAl(You should already know the charges on these!)(You should already know the charges on these!)
Or another way to say it is: Transition metals and theOr another way to say it is: Transition metals and the metalsmetals in groups 4Ain groups 4Aandand
5A (except Ag, Zn, Cd, and Al) require a Roman Numeral.5A (except Ag, Zn, Cd, and Al) require a Roman Numeral.
FeClFeCl33 (Fe(Fe3+3+)) iron (III) chlorideiron (III) chloride
CuClCuCl (Cu(Cu++ )) copper (I) chloridecopper (I) chlorideSnFSnF44 (Sn(Sn
4+4+)) tin (IV) fluoridetin (IV) fluoride
PbClPbCl22 (Pb(Pb2+2+
)) lead (II) chloridelead (II) chlorideFeFe SS FeFe3+3+ iron III ulfideiron III ulfide
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Cations formed from TransitionCations formed from Transition
Metals
Metals(you do not have to memorize these)(you do not have to memorize these)
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Learning CheckLearning Check
Complete the names of the following binaryComplete the names of the following binary
compounds with variable metal ions:compounds with variable metal ions:
FeBrFeBr22
iron (_____) bromideiron (_____) bromide
CuClCuCl copper (_____) chloridecopper (_____) chloride
SnOSnO22 ___(_____ ) _________________(_____ ) ______________
FeFe22OO33 ________________________________________________
HgHg22SS ________________________________________________
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NONO33--
nitrate ionnitrate ion
NONO22--
nitrite ionnitrite ion
o yatom co yatom c
IonsIons
o yatom co yatom c
IonsIons
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You can make additional polyatomic ions byYou can make additional polyatomic ions by
adding a Hadding a H++ to the ion!to the ion!
COCO33 --22 is carbonateis carbonateHCOHCO33
is hydrogen carbonateis hydrogen carbonate
HH22POPO44 is dihydrogen phosphateis dihydrogen phosphate
HSOHSO44 is hydrogen sulfateis hydrogen sulfate
Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
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Ternary Ionic NomenclatureTernary Ionic Nomenclature
Writing FormulasWriting Formulas
Write each ion, cation first. DontWrite each ion, cation first. Dontshow charges in the final formula.show charges in the final formula.
Overall charge must equalOverall charge must equal zerozero.. If charges cancel, just write symbols.If charges cancel, just write symbols. If not, use subscripts to balance charges.If not, use subscripts to balance charges.
Use parentheses to show more thanUse parentheses to show more thanone of a particularone of a particular polyatomic ionpolyatomic ion..
UseUse Roman numeralsRoman numerals indicate theindicate the
ionsions chargecharge when needed (stockwhen needed (stock
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Ternary Ionic NomenclatureTernary Ionic Nomenclature
Sodium SulfateSodium SulfateNaNa++ and SOand SO44
--22
NaNa22SOSO44
Iron (III) hydroxideIron (III) hydroxideFeFe+3+3 and OHand OH--
Fe(OH)Fe(OH)33
Ammonium carbonateAmmonium carbonateNHNH44
++ and COand CO3322
(NH(NH44))22COCO33
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Learning CheckLearning Check
1. aluminum nitrate1. aluminum nitrate
a) AlNOa) AlNO33 b) Al(NO)b) Al(NO)33 c) Al(NOc) Al(NO33))33
2. copper(II) nitrate2. copper(II) nitrate
a) CuNOa) CuNO33 b) Cu(NOb) Cu(NO33))22 c) Cuc) Cu22(NO(NO33))
3. Iron (III) hydroxide3. Iron (III) hydroxide
a) FeOHa) FeOH b) Feb) Fe33OHOH c) Fe(OH)c) Fe(OH)334. Tin(IV) hydroxide4. Tin(IV) hydroxide
a) Sn(OH)a) Sn(OH)44 b) Sn(OH)b) Sn(OH)22 c)c)
SnSn44(OH)(OH)
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Naming Ternary CompoundsNaming Ternary Compounds
Contains at least 3 elementsContains at least 3 elements
There MUST be at least oneThere MUST be at least one polyatomicpolyatomicionion
(it helps to circle the ions)(it helps to circle the ions) Examples:Examples:
NaNaNONO33 SodiumSodium nitratenitrate
KK22SOSO44 PotassiumPotassium sulfatesulfate
AlAl(HCO(HCO33))33 AluminumAluminum bicarbonatebicarbonate
oror
AluminumAluminum hydrogenhydrogen
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Learning CheckLearning Check
Match each set with the correct name:Match each set with the correct name:
1.1. NaNa22COCO33 a) magnesium sulfitea) magnesium sulfite
MgSOMgSO33
b) magnesium sulfateb) magnesium sulfate
MgSOMgSO44 c) sodium carbonatec) sodium carbonate
2 .2 . Ca(HCOCa(HCO33))22 a) calciuma) calcium
carbonatecarbonate
CaCOCaCO33 b) calcium phosphateb) calcium phosphate
CaCa33(PO(PO44))22 c) calcium bicarbonatec) calcium bicarbonate
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Mixed Practice!Mixed Practice!
Name the following:Name the following:
1.1. NaNa22OO
2.2.
CaCOCaCO333.3. PbSPbS224.4. SnSn33NN22
5.5. CuCu33POPO446.6. HgFHgF22
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Mixed Up The Other WayMixed Up The Other Way
Write the formula:Write the formula:
1.1. Copper (II) chlorateCopper (II) chlorate
2.2.
Calcium nitrideCalcium nitride3.3. Aluminum carbonateAluminum carbonate
4.4. Potassium bromidePotassium bromide
5.5. Barium fluorideBarium fluoride6.6. Cesium hydroxideCesium hydroxide
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Naming MolecularNaming Molecular
CompoundsCompounds
CH4 methaneBCl3boron trichloride
CO2 Carbon dioxide
All are
formed from
two or more
nonmetals.
Ionic
compounds
generallyinvolve a metal
and nonmetal
(NaCl)
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Molecular (Covalent) NomenclatureMolecular (Covalent) Nomenclature
for twofor two nonnonmetalsmetals
Prefix SystemPrefix System (binary compounds)(binary compounds)
1.1. Less electronegativeLess electronegative atomatom
comes first.comes first.
2.2. AddAdd prefixesprefixes to indicate # of atoms. Omitto indicate # of atoms. Omitmonomono-- prefix on the FIRST element.prefix on the FIRST element.
MonoMono-- is OPTIONAL on the SECONDis OPTIONAL on the SECONDelement (in this class, its NOT optional!).element (in this class, its NOT optional!).
3.3. Change the ending of theChange the ending of the
second element tosecond element to --ideide..
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PREFIXPREFIX
monomono--
didi--
tritri--tetratetra--
pentapenta--
hexahexa--
heptahepta--
octaocta--
nonanona--
decadeca--
NUMBERNUMBER
11
22
3344
55
66
77
88
99
1010
Molecular Nomenclature PrefixesMolecular Nomenclature Prefixes
M l l N lM l l N l
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CClCCl44
NN22OO
SFSF66
carbon tetrachloridecarbon tetrachloride
dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide
sulfur hexafluoridesulfur hexafluoride
Molecular Nomenclature:Molecular Nomenclature:
ExamplesExamples
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arsenic trichloridearsenic trichloride
dinitrogen pentoxidedinitrogen pentoxide
tetraphosphorus decoxidetetraphosphorus decoxide
AsClAsCl33
NN22OO55
PP44OO1010
More Molecular ExamplesMore Molecular Examples
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Learning CheckLearning Check
Fill in the blanks to complete theFill in the blanks to complete thefollowing names of covalent compounds.following names of covalent compounds.
COCO carbon ______oxidecarbon ______oxideCOCO22 carbon _______________carbon _______________
PClPCl33 phosphorus _______chloridephosphorus _______chloride
CClCCl44 carbon ________chloridecarbon ________chloride
NN22OO _____nitrogen _____oxide _____nitrogen _____oxide
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Learning CheckLearning Check
1.1. PP22OO55 a) phosphorus oxidea) phosphorus oxideb) phosphorus pentoxideb) phosphorus pentoxidec) diphosphorusc) diphosphorus
pentoxidepentoxide
2.2. ClCl22OO77 a) dichlorinea) dichlorineheptoxideheptoxide
b) dichlorine oxideb) dichlorine oxide
c) chlorine heptoxidec) chlorine heptoxide
3.3. ClCl22 a) chlorinea) chlorineb) dichlorineb) dichlorine
c) dichloridec) dichloride
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Overall strategy for naming chemicalOverall strategy for naming chemical
compounds.compounds.
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A flow chart for naming binary compounds.A flow chart for naming binary compounds.
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Mixed ReviewMixed Review
Name the following compounds:Name the following compounds:
1.1. CaOCaO
a) calcium oxidea) calcium oxide b) calcium(I) oxideb) calcium(I) oxidec) calcium (II) oxidec) calcium (II) oxide
2.2. SnClSnCl44a) tin tetrachloridea) tin tetrachloride b) tin(II) chlorideb) tin(II) chloride
c) tin(IV) chloridec) tin(IV) chloride
3.3. NN22OO33a) nitrogen oxidea) nitrogen oxide b) dinitrogen trioxideb) dinitrogen trioxidec) nitrogen trioxidec) nitrogen trioxide
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SolutionSolution
Name the followingName the followingcompounds:compounds:
1.1. CaOCaO
2.2. SnClSnCl44
3.3. NN22OO33
a) calcium oxide
c) tin(IV) chloride
b) Dinitrogen trioxide
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Mixed PracticeMixed Practice
1.1. Dinitrogen monoxideDinitrogen monoxide
2.2. Potassium sulfidePotassium sulfide
3.3. Copper (II) nitrateCopper (II) nitrate4.4. Dichlorine heptoxideDichlorine heptoxide
5.5. Chromium (III)Chromium (III)sulfatesulfate
6.6. Iron (III) sulfiteIron (III) sulfite7.7. Calcium oxideCalcium oxide
8.8. Barium carbonateBarium carbonate
9.9. Iodine monochlorideIodine monochloride
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Mixed PracticeMixed Practice
1.1. BaIBaI222.2. PP44SS33
3.3. Ca(OH)Ca(OH)224.4. FeCOFeCO335.5. NaNa22CrCr22OO776.6.
II22OO557.7. Cu(ClOCu(ClO44))228.8. CSCS229.9. BB22ClCl44
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Acid NomenclatureAcid Nomenclature
AcidsAcids
Compounds that form HCompounds that form H++ in water.in water.
Formulas usually begin with H.Formulas usually begin with H.
In order to be an acid instead of a gas, binaryIn order to be an acid instead of a gas, binary
acids must be aqueous (dissolved in water)acids must be aqueous (dissolved in water)
Ternary acids are ALL aqueousTernary acids are ALL aqueous
Examples:Examples: HClHCl (aq)(aq) hydrochloric acidhydrochloric acid
HNOHNO33 nitric acidnitric acid
HH22SOSO44
sulfuric acidsulfuric acid
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AnionEnding Acid Name
-ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid
-ate (stem)-ic acid
-ite (stem)-ous acid
Acid Nomenclature ReviewAcid Nomenclature Review
No OxygenNo Oxygen
w/Oxygenw/Oxygen
An easy way to remember which goes with whichAn easy way to remember which goes with which
In the cafeteria, youIn the cafeteria, youATEATEsomethingsomethingICICkyky
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Acid Nomenclature FlowchartAcid Nomenclature Flowchart
hydro- pre i
-i endin
element
-ate endin
ecome
-i endin
-ite endin
ecome
-ous endin
no hydro- pre i
3 element
ACID
start with 'H'
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HBrHBr (aq)(aq)
HH22COCO33
HH22SOSO33
No oxygen,No oxygen, --ideide
Has oxygen,Has oxygen, --ateate
Has oxygen,Has oxygen, --iteite
hydrohydrobromic acidbromic acid
carboncarbonicic acidacid
sulfursulfurousous acidacid
Acid NomenclatureAcid Nomenclature
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hydrofluoric acidhydrofluoric acid
sulfuric acidsulfuric acid
nitrous acidnitrous acid
2 elements2 elements
3 elements,3 elements, --icic
3 elements,3 elements, --ousous
HFHF(aq)(aq)
HH22SOSO44
HNOHNO22
Acid NomenclatureAcid Nomenclature
HH++ FF--
HH++ SOSO4422--
HH++ NONO22--
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Name Em!Name Em!
HIHI (aq)(aq)
HClHCl
HH22SOSO33
HNOHNO33
HIOHIO44
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Write the Formula!Write the Formula!
Hydrobromic acidHydrobromic acid
Nitrous acidNitrous acid
Carbonic acidCarbonic acid
Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid
Hydrotelluric acidHydrotelluric acid
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Nomenclature Summary Flowchart
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