Wireless Transmission
November 2004
Ronald Peters
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Nokia in MicroWave Radios
• Business operations started in 1960´s
• Strong Global Position achieved via GSM challenger market growth in 1990´s
• Nokia is • No. 2 in cellular transmission • Among 3 top players in global PDH-radio market
• R&D and manufacturing site in Karaportti Espoo
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Key trends in mobile network transmission • Capacity need per basestation is increasing
• … but timing is difficult to predict • Networks should have inbuilt flexibility to meet
"unknown“ capacity needs
Mbit/s
10
8
6
4
2
• Networks will become more dense • How to avoid frequency congestion? • higher frequencies • new frequency bands • various modulation methods
0
Single band GSM
Dual band
GSM
EDGE WCDMA
• TDM, ATM and IP traffic will share the same links • How to multiplex TDM, ATM and IP into the same link? • First ATM/IP over TDM, later IP only?
IP transport ATM transport PDH/SDH
IP utilizes ATM IP utilizes
PDH/SDH ATM utilizes PDH/SDH
IP over Ethernet
Fiber, microwave radios, copper, leased lines...
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Nokia Microwave Radio Solution
Outdoor Solution
Nokia MetroHopper High-density radio (58 GHz)
Nokia FlexiHopper PDH microwave radio (7,8,13,15,18,23,26,38 GHz) Nokia FlexiHopper Plus PDH microwave radio
Operation Centre
Nokia NetAct or NMS/10 Network Management System
Indoor Solution with selectable 4/16-level modulation (7,8,13,15,18,23,26,28,32,38 GHz)
SDH Radio (7,8,13,15,18, 23, 26,38 GHz)
Nokia MetroHub Outdoor cross-connect cabinet and power supply for Nokia Hopper Radios
Radio Indoor Units Stand-alone and integrated units with revolutionary Flexbus concept
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Nokia FlexiHopper
One platform - all frequencies • 7, 8, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26 and 38 GHz • All as 1+0, 1+1 HSB, space/freq diversity protection
One unit - all capacities • 2x2 - 16x2 Mbit/s radio transmission • Can be selected using the Hopper Manager
Flexbus - single cable interconnections • One cable between IU and OU and between IUs • Fast and reliable
Introduces several innovative features • Automatic fading margin measurement • Software download via Hopper Manager • Transmission and cross-connect integrated
•Proven and reliable platform • Over 100’000 FlexiHopper delivered • High reliability (MTBF for outdoor unit 35 years) • Modular, small and light structure - easy to install
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Nokia FlexiHopper Plus
An enhancement to FlexiHopper platform • 7, 8, 13, 15, 15/490, 18, 23, 26 and 38 GHz • new 28 and 32 GHz • available now: 15, 23, 28, 32 and 38 GHZ • See roadmap for availabilities
32 TCM modulation enables doubling the spectrum efficiency
• narrow spectrum - 16x2Mbit/s capacity into 14 MHz frequency channel – currently 28MHz
• capacities 8 x2Mbit/s and 16x2Mbit/s supported
Support of all existing features • All FlexiHopper features • Same antennas, alignment units, mechanics and
indoor units can be used
See the roadmap for availability
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Nokia FlexiHopper Plus See the roadmap for availability
Main benefits
• Possibility to double the current transmission capacity within the existing frequency channel
• Savings in operational costs because of lower frequency bandwidth licence fees
• Better availability of free channels, 14 MHz vs
28 MHz
• Selectable modulation and capacity enable optimal and flexible usage of frequency bands
• Built on reliable and proven FlexiHopper platform with backward compatibility
channel
(MHz)
3,5
7
14
28
current modulation
2 x 2 M
4 x 2 M
8 x 2 M
16 x 2 M
32 TCM
8 x 2 M
16 x 2 M
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FlexiHopper (Plus) mechanical construction
Alignment unit Loose parts avoided
Right/left offset
Low profile or compact square antennas Snap on mountable and separate
One antenna HSB
Radio unit 'Snap on' installation
4.0 - 5.5 kg / 21 x 23 x 12-22 cm Easy change of polarisation
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Nokia MetroHopper
Self regulating 58GHz frequency band • Does not require frequency coordination -
frequency etiquette • Efficient frequency re-use in dense networks • Congestion in many PTP frequency bands • MetroHopper the only MW radio for 58GHz
Modern cost efficient product • One product - one configuration - fits all sites • Fast installation, with optical Alignment Tool • Blends well to the metropolitan environment
Innovative technical features • TDD eliminates need for sub-band filters • 100 / 50MHz channel spacing - 10 / 20 RF channels • Capacity 4x2 Mbit/s • Channel Selection Procedure and Commissioning
wizard support fast commissioning
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MetroHopper mechanical construction
Only one equipment variant that includes:
Alignment unit and mounting bracket
Integrated Flat panel square antenna
Outdoor unit radio section
•One man can carry and instal •Weight 3kg
•Dimension 255 x 196 x 114 mm3
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Nokia Hopper MWR indoor units
Base Station Integrated •Plug-in units that fit directly on to the BTS •E1 interfacing via BTS backplane •Supports two radio outdoor units
Stand-alone •19” or ETSI rack mountable •FIU 19 and FIU 19E •E1 and Ethernet traffic interfaces •Basic unit supports two radio
outdoor units
The same unit supports: •FlexiHopper •FlexiHopper Plus •MetroHopper
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FIU 19E Indoor unit
Basic FIU 19E indoor unit with 4x2Mbps add/dropp interface plug-in unit and Ethernet plug-in unit.
four E1 interfaces
two 10/100BaseT Ethernet traffic interfaces
One 10BaseT SNMP management interface
two Q1 management interfaces
measurement point
local management port
Power connector
two Flexbus interfaces
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Flexbus & 2Mbit/s cross-connection FIU19(E)
One of the 2M cross connection field edges provides up to 16x2 Mbit/s parallel Interfaces
Three of the 2Mbit/s cross connection field edges are multiplexed to a serial signal
2M Cross Connection
16x2Mbit/s data in serial format - to outdoor unit or to another indoor unit
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Expansion from 4E1 to 16E1 : traditional radio
-Site visit is a must, expansion not possible remotely from NMS.
- Downtime for expansion can be significant
- More site space may be required – needs prior technical site surveys
nx2Mbit/s Lot of new cables
nx2Mbit/s
IDU to be changed/ expanded
nx2Mbit/s
Cross connect
DDF
nx2Mbit/s
ODU may need to be changed
DDF to be changed/expanded
BTS
- Site as-built drawings must be revised
Cost of expansion Equipment = 50% to 100% of a new hop equipment Work = 50% to 100% of new hop installation Extra site space = ?
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Upgrade from 4E1 to 16E1 with Nokia FlexiHopper
• No change to ODU
• No change in IDU
• No change in DDF & cabling
• Minimal downtime
• No site visit – reconfiguration done remotely
ODU capacity & XC reconfigured
from NMS
nx2Mbit/s
Cost of expansion Equipment = 0 Work on site = 0 Extra site space = 0
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Configure it right
Transmission capacity on all hops 16x2 Mbit/s Add/drop capacity on all sites except one 4x2 Mbit/s
16x2
16x2
Add/drop 16x2
16x2
Add/drop 4x2
16x2
Add/drop 4x2
Add/drop 4x2
item q-ty FIU 19, 16x2: 6 OU 18GHz 6 antenna 60cm+ alignment unit 6
FIU 19, 16x2: 1 OU 18GHz 6 antenna 60cm+ alignment unit 6 FIU 19, 4x2: 3
Price difference: 18%
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Chaining station
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Branching station
• One Indoor Unit for three Outdoor Units
• Transmission and 2Mbit/s cross- connect Integrated
nx2Mbit/s
Use of separate 2M cables minimised
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HSB protection FIU19 provides protection in many options
• OU protection alone • IU & OU protection • 1-antenna HSB
Good standard • From 8x2 capacity OU protected • From 16x2 both OU and IU protected
Protecting FlexiHopper OU
Protecting FlexiHopper OU and FIU19
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LAN over Nokia Hoppers
Easy and fast Ethernet and TDM connections • WLAN access point connections • Broadband access networks • Private networks
Flexible capacity control • Software controllable transmission capacity 4 … 32 Mbit/s • Capacity sharing of Ethernet traffic and E1’s with 2 Mbit/s granularity
LAN solution compatible with • Nokia FlexiHopper - up to 32 Mbit/s - up to 70 km • Nokia MetroHopper - up to 8 Mbit/s - up to 900 m • Indoor Unit FIU 19 E
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Key features of the LAN solution
• Two 10/100baseT Ethernet interfaces in a single plug-in unit
• Ethernet traffic transmission over Nokia FlexiHopper and Nokia MetroHopper
• Transparent Ethernet frames bridging over radio hop
• Packet filtering based on MAC address learning
• Ethernet flow-control support
• Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) support
• Three operation modes: • Channel separation • Capacity sharing • Full Switch mode
• Microwave radio network configurations • Single hop mode • 2 OU protection mode
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LAN solution operating modes
Eth-1
Eth-2
Eth-1
Eth-2
Eth-1
Eth-2
FIU 19E
EPIU
FIU 19E
EPIU
FIU 19E
EPIU
FB1 FB2 FB1
FB2
FB1
FB2
Channel Separation mode •Two separated channels over two radio hops •Capacity up to 32Mbit/s per Flexbus
Capacity Sharing mode •Two separated channels over one radio hop •Up to 32Mbi/s capacity shared with
granularity of 1/256.
Full Switch mode •Four port Ethernet switch •Capacity up to 32Mbit/s between ports
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Capacity sharing between Ethernet and E1’s
E1’s
4x2M
FIU 19E
X
• Supported in Channel Separation, Capacity Sharing and Full Switch modes
• One or two radios can be configured for
Ethernet traffic
• Dedicated radio capacity for Ethernet data channels and for E1 traffic
• Flexible sharing of radio path capacity
Eth-1
Eth-2
EPIU
FB1 FB2
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Terminal configurations
• Ethernet plug-in unit supports the following terminal configurations • Single use configuration 1 IU + 1 OU • Protected configurations 1 IU + 2 OU
• Ethernet plug-in unit is always installed to slot_2 in FIU 19E
• The unused slots can be equipped with 4x2M, Aux plug-in unit and Flexbus plug-in unit
• Ethernet plug-in unit can be used in 16 x 2M add-drop configurations with EXU unit
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Nokia Q1 for FlexiHopper and MetroHopper
NMS/10 Management
station
• For FIU 19 and FIU 19E indoor units
• NMS/10 C6.1 with Q1 Agent C2.0 • DCN Adapter C3.0
• LAN connection between NMS/10 and DCNA
• DCNA Q1 polls the radios
LAN connection
DCNA C3.0
Q1 within
radio frame Q1 within radio frame
Q1 Bus
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SNMP for FlexiHopper and MetroHopper
• Available only with FIU 19E indoor unit
• SNMP interface for Fault and Performance management for 3rd
party NMS systems
• Optimized solution for commercial NMS platforms, e.g HP OpenView
• Reduce network management and DCN management costs
• Easy and flexible DCN handling with IP
Topology Fi le Edit Locat eView Help
NMS
IP Routing
IP Routing
Ne tw o rk
Mount
Traf f i c Hel p 431 7437
1950 79% /
LAN connection
Router
IP based DCN LAN/10BaseT
External device,
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Nokia Wireless Transmission Roadmap
2004
FlexiHopper Plus • 15, 23, 28, 32, 38 GHz • Dual polarization
Indoor Units: • T4E based EOW
2005 FlexiHopper Plus • 7, 8, 13, 15/490, 15/315, 18, 23/1200, 26 GHz • ROHS compliant • Feature licensing • Hopper Doctor MetroHopper 58 GHz • >1 km hop length • RoHS compliant Indoor Units: •FIU 19E RoHS compliant • IP EOW (service telephone) • OSPF routing for IP DCN • SNMP config. management
2006…2007 FlexiHopper XC • Capacity range extended Indoor Units: • Extended capacity indoor unit
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Summary
• Nokia FlexiHopper (Plus) • All frequencies 7, 8, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 28, 32, 38 GHz • Flexible capacity 2E1/4E1/8E1/16E1 • Flexible Ethernet nx2 Mbit/s + nxE1 • Flexible modulation 4-state or 16-state • Remotely managed cross-connection • SNMP or Nokia Q1
• All required features • HSB, Space diversity, Frequency Diversity • Service Telephone (EOW) • Automatic fading margin measurement • FEC and interleaving • ALCQ – auto level control with quality measures
• High reliability • MTBF 35 years for outdoor unit,
110 years for indoor unit
• Nokia MetroHopper • Simple, easy to install, 4x2 Mbit/s • For short hops, 700 m in Europe
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