WCO Research and Strategies Unit
New Perspectives on the Customs Supply Chain Security Paradigm
Robert Ireland
http://www.wcoomd.org/home_research.htm
Cronin, Audrey Kurth (2009), How Terrorism Ends, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
The Term Terrorism:
• Political Nature
• Non-State Character
• Does not abide by international laws or norms
• The deliberate killing of civilians
U.S. response to 9/11
• Offensive actions• Military-oriented
• Defensive actions• Passengers (especially aviation)• Immigration• Customs (especially maritime cargo)
Schneier, Bruce (2003), Beyond Fear: Thinking Sensibly About Security in an Uncertain World, Copernicus Books: New York, NY.
Amir Farid Rizk
Early post- 9/11 U.S. Customs security measures
C-TPAT (2002)CSI (2003)
24 Hour Rule (2003)National Targeting Center (2001)
Michel Foucault. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1995) “On the whole, therefore, one can speak of the formation of a disciplinary society in this movement that stretches from the enclosed disciplines, a sort of social 'quarantine', to an indefinitely generalizable mechanism of 'panopticism‘”
12
Originally adopted June 2005
SAFE Framework: 2 Pillars & 17 Standards
• Pillar 1: Customs-to-Customs network arrangements:– Advance electronic information, risk assessment, scanning at place of
export (11 Standards)
• Pillar 2: Customs-to-Business Partnerships:– Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) Programme – Validate secure
businesses and offer benefits (6 Standards)
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SAFE Framework 4 Core Elements
• Submission of advance electronic information• Risk Assessment• Scanners
• AEO
CSI• Submission of advance electronic information• Risk Assessment• Scanners
C-TPAT
• AEO
US CBP staffing levels: OFO and Border PatrolSource: CBP, Office of Congressional Affairs
WCO Research and Strategies Unit
New Perspectives on the Customs Supply Chain Security Paradigm
Robert Ireland
http://www.wcoomd.org/home_research.htm
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