The New Deal 1932-1941
A new political establishment in Europe & US � Germany, Italy, and Japan turned to
dictators to deliver them from despair. Franklin D, Roosevelt accepted the Democratic Party’s nomination for president.
FDR and Hoover. � Hoover’s popularity decline as the
depression worsen
� Roosevelt pledge a “NEW DEAL” for America.
� Roosevelt depended on his wife. Sent his wife to visit the Bonus Army. She sang song to them.
Research � “The country needs and, unless I
mistake its temper, the country demands bold, persistent experimentation. It is common sense to take a method and to try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all try something.”
Puzzlement
The Second New Deal � The second New Deal addressed the the
following: � The elderly � The poor � The unemployed � New public works projects � Farming � Protect workers rights.
Public Morale � In 1933: The 18th amendment was
repealed: Americans were once again allowed to drink legally.
� WPA (Works Progress Administration): built new roads and improved nation’s highways and it even provided programs in the arts for displaced artists.
John Maynard Keynes � Believed that spending money was
needed to end the depression.
� Social Security Act: Is a form of unemployment for workers who lost their jobs.
� Flaws: Did not apply to farmers or domestics. African-Americans were affected. Social.
Workers Rights (Unions) � Wegner Act: Gave employees
(workers) the right to join labor unions through collective bargaining meaning that employers (boss) had to negotiate with unions about hours, wages, and other working conditions.
LABOR � Fair Labor Standards Act: A minimum
wage was established:
� 25 cents and hr. � 44 hours. � No child labor.
� TODAY: Minimum wage will be increase to 10.25 hr.
New Deal Questioned
� Schechter Poultry vs United States ruled that since the President had no power to interstate commerce, the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional.
I need to do something
Court Packing � He added 6 more justices to the already
established 9 member court.
� Critics began to voice their concerns.
� President was trying to increase his power as commander in chief.
New Deal Effects (SOCIAL) � Women were not employed in the CCC.
Social security did not covered them. � African Americans were the first ones to
be unemployed when job was no longer available.
� Indian New Deal: Helped American Indians fund the construction of new schools.
Effects (Political) � Federal Government role in the nation
changed. � The FDIC and SEC restored Americans’
trust in banks and the stock market. � Wagner Act boosted union merbership. � Child labor ended.
Effects (Economic) � Workers’ compensation laws � Unemployment insurance. � People had jobs now (CCC) � Welfare State: A government that assumes
responsibility for providing for the welfare of children and the poor, elderly sick, disable, and unemployed.
Current Welfare State 2014
� Household Poverty Rate: � 2007=23.3 � 2011=25.8
� Elderly Poverty Rate: � 1935= 60 % � Current= 9.4%