NEI
NanomaterialsNanomaterials--Based Electrodes for Energy Based Electrodes for Energy Storage Devices with Fast Rate CapabilitiesStorage Devices with Fast Rate Capabilities
Amit Singhal and Ganesh Skandan Nanopowder Enterprises Inc.
Dr. Glenn AmatucciTelcordia Technologies
Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
US Department of Energy, Energy Storage Research ProgramUS DOE Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)
DOE 2002 Project
Home
Agenda
NEI Nanopowder Enterprises Inc. www.nanopowderenterprises.com
NEI
NEI MarketsNEI Markets-Nano enables the application of-
• Polymer Nanocomposites: coatings and bulk• Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
• Nanoparticle laden fluids• Specialty Nanopowders• Rechargeable Batteries
NEI
Goals of the ProgramGoals of the Program• Develop nanostructured anodes for a new type of
high rate energy storage device called Asymmetric Hybrid Cell
• Fabricate prototype Asymmetric Hybrid Cell with following features-– Capable of working efficiently over a wide temperature
range (-30oC to 70oC)– Long cycle life (> 100,000 cycles)– Power density as good as that of a supercapacitor– Energy density comparable to, or higher than, that of
Pb-acid batteries– Fast rate of charge (complete charge in 1 min.)
NEI
Concept of High RateConcept of High RateAsymmetric Hybrid CellAsymmetric Hybrid Cell
Courtesy Telcordia Technologies
A thin, flexible, highly manufacturable and non-aqueous plastic laminar device
Reference: Amatucci et al., Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 148 (8), A930 (2001)
NEI
UltrafineUltrafine Electrodes ExhibitElectrodes ExhibitFaster Rate CapabilitiesFaster Rate Capabilities
- Li4Ti5O12 Electrodes -
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
5C1CC/2
10C
Li / LiPF6 EC:DMC / LTOC/2 discharge
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
% D
isch
arge
cap
acity
108642Discharge rate ( x C)
Coarse Li4Ti5O12
Fine Li4Ti5O12
Cap
acity
(mA
h/g)
Cycle#
NEI
Long Cycle Life of Prototype Hybrid CellsLong Cycle Life of Prototype Hybrid Cells
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
1 10 100 1000 104 105
Dis
char
ge c
apac
ity, A
h
Cycle number
charge : 2A to 3.0 Vdischarge : 2A to 1.5 V Telcordia Technologies
6”X4” AH
Cathode: High surface area activated carbon (700 – 2000 m2/g)Anode: Ultrafine Li4Ti5O12; Electrolyte: 1M LiPF6 in 2:1 volume ratio of ethylene carbonate: dimethyl carbonateDimensions: 6” X 4” (Courtesy Telcordia Technologies)
NEI
Rationale for Lithium Rationale for Lithium Intercalating Anode MaterialsIntercalating Anode Materials
Intercalation voltage
Carbon: ~ -3V SHE
Li4Ti5O12: -1.5V SHE
WO2: - 2.3V SHE
Courtesy Telcordia Technologies
Carbonaceous materials are unsafe to operate in high rateapplications, because of the risk of Li plating
NEI
WOWO22 has the Highest Output Voltagehas the Highest Output Voltage
Courtesy Telcordia Technologies
Use of WO2 anodes will enhance the energy densityof asymmetric hybrid cell
NEI
Low Temperature Synthesis Low Temperature Synthesis
Inte
nsity
80604020 2θ
WO
2
WO
2
WO
2W
O2
WO
2
WO
2
WO
2W
O2
W
600 oC 550 oC 500 oC
NEI
Spherical Particles with Spherical Particles with UltrafineUltrafine CrystallitesCrystallites
750 nm2.8 µm
Spherical particles will result in high packing density of electrodesSurface area = 15 m2/g
NEI
UltrafineUltrafine WOWO22 PowdersPowdersAre Electrochemically ActiveAre Electrochemically Active
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Volta
ge
35302520151050Time (hr)
Discharge rate: 22.72 mA/g WO2 - 550oC
WO2 - 600oC
250
200
150
100
50
Capa
city
(mAh
/g)
3.02.52.01.51.0Cycle
WO2 - 600oC
WO2 - 550oC
NEI
Electrochemical DataElectrochemical Datain An Asymmetric Hybrid Cellin An Asymmetric Hybrid Cell
V(a) vs (b)
V(b) vs (c)
Spring
Current Collector
Counter Electrode (a)
Separators
Ref. Electrode (b)
Working Electrode (c)
Plungers
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-5Po
tent
ial v
s. A
g qu
asi r
efer
ence
or
full
Out
putV
WO2
vs. ref.
activated C vs. ref
full cell output V
60 mAh/g
0 5 10 15 20Time (hr)
NEI
Program OverviewProgram Overview
NEI
• Develop nanostructured anode powders
• Scale up the synthesisprocess
NEI
• Develop nanostructured anode powders
• Scale up the synthesisprocess
Battery Manufacturers
Partner with batterymanufacturer to produce
Asymmetric Hybrid Batteries
Battery Manufacturers
Partner with batterymanufacturer to produce
Asymmetric Hybrid Batteries
TelecordiaTelecordia
Fabricate and characterize
prototype asymmetric hybrid cell
Supply anode materials
Sandia National Laboratories
Research supportand
scientific input
Sandia National Laboratories
Research supportand
scientific input
Manufacturers ofEnergy Storage
Systems
Manufacturers ofEnergy Storage
Systems
Top
Agenda