WORKSHOP ON “TRAFFIC AND ENVIRONMENT”August 9-10th, 2010 – Hanoi, Vietnam
MOTORCYCLES EMISSION CONTROL IN VIET NAMCURRENT STATUS CHALLENGES AND MEASURESCURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES AND MEASURES
Presented by Le Anh Tu, Vi t R i t Mi i t
10 August, 2010
Vietnam Register, Ministry of Transport
Hanoi - Vietnam
CONTENTSCONTENTS
1 M t l Fl t d E i i1. Motorcycle Fleet and Emission
2 Challenges in motorcycle2. Challenges in motorcycle emission control
3. Motorcycle Emission Control Measures
1 Motorcycle Fleet and1. Motorcycle Fleet and Emissions
URBAN TRAFFICIN MAJOR CITIES OF VIETNAMIN MAJOR CITIES OF VIETNAM
MOTORCYCLE POPULATION IN ASIAN EMERGING COUNTRIES (in 1000)
Chi (2002)China (2002)
India (2003)
Indonesia (2003) 18796.24
51028.4147525
Thailand (2003)
Vietnam (2005)
Japan (2003) 13986 2816086.64
18210.45
Japan (2003)
Taipei, China (2001)
Malaysia (2003) 6202.82411733.2
13986.28
Pakistan (1998)
South Korea
Philippine (2003)
1730.1932150.507
1552.579Philippine (2003) 1552.579
MOTORCYCLE FLEET IN VIETNAMO O C C
30000
20000
25000
000
)
10000
15000
Nu
mb
er (
1.0
0
5000
N
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Motorcycle Evolution
MOTORCYCLE IN HANOI AND HCMCO O C C O C C
Hà nội
00)
Tăng trưởng mô tô, xe máy
40004500
c)
Hà nội
Tp.HCMMotorcycle Evolution00
0)N
um
ber
(1.
00
250030003500
40000
00
ch
iếc
mb
er (
1.0
Mo
torc
ycle
N
100015002000
2500
lượ
ng
(1
.rc
ycle
Nu
M
0500
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
000
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
Số
lM
oto
r
199
199
199
199
199
199
199
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
VEHICLE FLEET COMPOSITIONVEHICLE FLEET COMPOSITION
• Vietnam is the most typical country of motorcycles.yp y y
• Motorcycles are the most popular type of transport means and indispensable in Vietnam
• Motorcycles account for 95 % of all type of vehicles and meet 90% transport demand in the big cities.
• Almost motorcycles are two wheelers• Almost motorcycles are two wheelers.
• Highest possession rate with 02 people/01 motorcycle
• Motorcycle population is booming in the recent yearsMotorcycle population is booming in the recent years and still increasing in the coming years.
FLEET DISTRIBUTION BY MOTORCYCLE AGE IN 2008MOTORCYCLE AGE IN 2008
3000000
2000000
2500000
3000000
1500000
2000000
Số
lượ
ng
Num
ber
500000
1000000S N
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
ổ ốTuổi sử dụng - Số km chạy (1,000)Age – km traveled
MOTORCYCLE FLEET CHARACTERISTIC
• Small displacement: from 70 cm3 to 150 cm3• Small displacement: from 70 cm3 to 150 cm3, popularly from 80 cm3 to 125 cm3
• Almost are 4 stroke engine motorcycles• Almost are 4 stroke engine motorcycles
• Almost have simple design engines without emissions control system. So, high emission and low fuel efficiency.control system. So, high emission and low fuel efficiency.
• Euro 2 has been adopted as from 2007, since then new model have been applied modern technologies of pp gemission control, such as catalytic converter, ProGraM Fuel Injection (PGM-FI)...
MOTORCYCLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Carburetor Improved
Công nghệ kiểm soát khí thải mô tô, xe máy Emission Control Technology
Carburetor Improved
Fuel Injection
SecondarySecondaryAir InjectionCatalytic Converter
Engine Improved
VEHICLE EMISSIONS PROPORTIONC SS O S O O O
100%Heavy Duty Diesel Auto
60%
80% Heavy Duty Gasoline Auto
Light Duty Diesel Truck
40%
60%
Light duty diesel Auto
Light duty Gasoline Truck
20%
g y
Light Duty Gasoline Auto
Motorcycles0%
Motorcycles
Vehicle Fuel CO HC NOx PM
Motorcycle is the main source of vehicle emissionsMotorcycle is the main source of vehicle emissions
Idle Emission Test for about 1.000 In-used motorcycles
IN-USED MOTORCYCLE MASS EMISSIONS TESTEMISSIONS TEST
Mass Emission Test for In-used MotorcycleBefore and after maintenance & repair
IN-USED MOTORCYCLE TEST RESULTIN USED MOTORCYCLE TEST RESULT
• Almost motorcycles are not periodical maintained and y pcorrected repaired.
• The survey results show that 50-60% motorcycles d i i l l (4 5% CO d 1200 HC)exceeds emission level (4.5% CO and 1200 ppm HC),
• HC, CO mass emission (g/km) and fuel consumption (l/100 km) reduced about 50% and 10-30 % respectively(l/100 km) reduced about 50% and 10 30 % respectively after maintenance and repair.
• Until now, without control measures on in-used t lmotorcycles
• Almost people do not clearly understand the impact of motorcycle emission, not know their own motorcyclemotorcycle emission, not know their own motorcycle emission level and how to reduce the emission.
2. CHALLENGES TO CONTROL MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONMOTORCYCLE EMISSION
• Very crowded motorcyclesy y• Motorcycles are in close relation daily with one-third
Vietnamese population, with everybody of different classes form rich to poor people, every household fromclasses form rich to poor people, every household from parents to children…
• Except bus serving only 10 % of traffic demand, no other choices for transport mode in replace of motorcycleschoices for transport mode in replace of motorcycles
• Very bad public awareness in transport and environment• Difficult to get the social consensus and supportg• Considerable a number of poor people drive old
motorcycles.• Difficulty in dealing with fraud and maladjustment• Difficulty in dealing with fraud and maladjustment
3 Emissions Control Measures3. Emissions Control Measures
Emission Control for New Motorcyclesss o Co t o o e oto cyc es
• Adopted the Euro 2 standard from 2007Adopted the Euro 2 standard from 2007
• Proposal:
Adopt Euro 3 standard from 2012Adopt Euro 3 standard from 2012
Control evaporative emission
Control fuel consumptionControl fuel consumption
EMISSION CONTROL FOR IN-USED MOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLE
• The emission control project for in-used motorcycle has j t b d b P i Mi i t f lljust been approved by Prime Minister as follows:
• Periodical mandatory inspection program for the motorcycle older than 3 years follows the road map:
• 2011-2013: Implemented in Hanoi and HCMC:From first July 2011, perform emission control for in-used motorcycles older than 10 yearsFrom first July 2012, perform emission control for in-used motorcycles older than 07 yearsFrom first July 2013, perform emission control for the y , pother in-used motorcycles
• From first July 2014, perform emission control for in-used motorcycles in 06 other big cities.y g
• From first July 2015, perform emission control for in-used motorcycles in the other 14 big cities.
EMISSION CONTROL FOR IN-USED MOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLE
• MC emission inspection centers mainly located in p ycombination with authorized dealers/maintenance workshops of manufacturers and automotive inspection centerscenters
• The MC pass the idle emission test would be granted Certificates and pasted Stamp with 01 year period.
• The MC fail the test would be maintained and repaired to meet the emission standards.
Hi hl fi ld b i MC ith t th• Highly fine would be impose on MC owners without the certificate and stamp.
EMISSION CONTROL FOR IN-USED MOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLE
MC emission test campaign in Taiwan
Motorcycle Inspection Location
EMISSION CONTROL FOR IN-USED MOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLE
EMISSION CONTROL FOR IN-USED MOTORCYCLEMOTORCYCLE
Level Two stroke engine Four stroke engineLevel Two stroke engine Four stroke engine
CO (%) HC (ppm) CO (%) HC (ppm)
1 4 5 10 000 4 5 2 0001 4.5 10,000 4.5 2,000
2 3.5 7,800 3.5 1,200
3 2.5 7,800 2.5 8003 2.5 7,800 2.5 800
• The motorcycles with first registration date before 1 July 2008 will have been adopted level 12008 will have been adopted level 1.
• The motorcycles with first registration date as from 1 July 2008 (the vehicle type in compliance with Euro 2) will have2008 (the vehicle type in compliance with Euro 2) will have been adopted level 2.
EMISSIOPN REDUCTION EFFECTIVNESSSS O UC O C SS
Lộ trình cắt giảm CO tại 05 Tp. lớnSố lượng XeKhông kiểm soátCO Emission Reduction in HN&HCMCMC NumberUncontrolledLộ trình cắt giảm CO tại 05 Tp. lớn
10.000
12.000
ếc)
gCó kiểm soát
CO Emission Reduction in HN&HCMC00
0)U co t o edControlled
1200
1000
6.000
8.000
(1.0
00 c
hiế
umbe
r (1
.0
800
600 .000
to
n)
2 000
4.000
6.000
ố lượ
ng
xe
orcy
cle
Nu 600
400
200 mis
sio
n (
1
0
2.000
005
006
007
008
009
010
011
012
013
014
015
016
017
018
019
020
Số
Mot
o 200
0
E
200
200
200
200
200
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
202
Không kiểm soát Eu2 I&M+EU2 I&M + Euro 3 I&M + Euro 4Uncontrolled
EMISSIOPN REDUCTION EFFECTIVNESS
Lộ trình cắt giảm HC tại 5 Tp lớnSố lượng xe
Không kiểm soátHC Emission Reduction in HN & HCMCMC NumberUncontrolled
10.000
12.000
chiế
c)
Có kiểm soát
(1.0
00) Controlled
360
300 n)
6.000
8.000
10.000
y (1
.000
N
umbe
r ( 300
240
180
n (
1.00
0 to
n
2.000
4.000
ô,
xe m
áM
otor
cycl
e
120
60 Em
issi
on
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Mô
tôM
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Không kiểm soát Eu2 I&M+EU2 I&M + Euro 3 I&M + Euro 4Uncontrolled
Thank you for your attention!