MOTIVATIONAL THEORY
According to John KellerCompiled from the website: http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm
FOUR CATEGORIES OF MOTIVATION
1. Attention2. Relevance3. Confidence4. Satisfaction
1. ATTENTION
PERCEPTUAL AROUSAL
Gain and maintain attention
Use surprising or uncertain events
INQUIRY AROUSAL
Stimulate information seeking behavior
Pose or have learner generate questions
VARIABILITY
Vary elements of instruction
2. RELEVANCE
FAMILIARITY Adapt instruction Use examples Relate to learner personal experience
GOAL ORIENTATION
Examples of instructionPresent goalsHave learner define goals
MOTIVE MATCHING
Use teaching strategies that match motivation profiles
3. CONFIDENCE
EXPECTANCY FOR SUCCESS
Make learners aware of expectations and evaluative criteria
CHALLENGE SETTING Multiple achievement levels Let learners set personal goals Set standards of accomplishments
ATTRIBUTION MOLDING Provide supportive feedback
4. SATISFACTION
NATURAL CONSEQUENCES
Give opportunities to use new knowledge in real or simulated settings
POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES
Feedback and reinforcements
EQUITY
Consistent standards and consequences for accomplishments
RESOURCES Keller, John. (1983) ARCS – Motivational
Theory. Retrieved from http://ide.ed.psu.edu/idde/ARCS.htm October 5, 2009.