Mosquitoes: Kill them! Or use them?
UC Davis 2016
Niels. O. Verhulst
MSc Thesis report, GJ Wierda - Handheld PCR with disposable PDMS cells
Page 18
Figure 5 Arduino Microcontroller system with labels on some of the important components.
Although some of the Arduino pin connections can be swapped around, if this is consequently stated in
the software used, most of the wiring was based on the examples as stated in the software reference
section in the Materials & Methods. The current wiring is shown in Figure 6. When using the serial
connection for data logging or when the temperature profile is not necessary anymore, the SD-module
can be omitted. Note that the SD Module currently used does not support SDHC or SDXC cards, which
have a too high capacity. Without the fluorescence detection the light sensor can be left out as well. The
LED remains a nice indicator to see if the heating cycle protocol is running as it will also indicate if the
protocol is finished as soon as it switches off automatically.
Figure 6: hook-up scheme. Black = ground, Red = connections of the SD module & the Color sensor, Purple = Reset connection, Orange = 3.3V, Pink = 5V, Blue = LED, Yellow = Push Button, Cyan = NTC Thermistor, Green = Mosfet, Inductor (heating coil) and Battery pack. Arduino external power supply is not shown. A schematic hook up scheme is added in Appendix C: Supplementary information.
McGraw and O’Neill Nature 2013
Mosquito host preference
• Mosquitoes differ in host preference
Mosquitoes that prefer humans are
important vectors of diseases
Host finding
• Mosquitoes use carbondioxide and skin odors
• Skin odors are produced by skin bacteria
Why are some more attractive?
• 48 volunteers
• Odor samples
Why are some more attractive?
• 48 volunteers
• Odour samples
Why are some more attractive?
• 48 volunteers
• Odor samples
• Bacterial samples
Why are some more attractive?
• 48 volunteers
• Odor samples
• Bacterial samples
• Volatile identification
Why are some more attractive?
• Highly and poorly attractive
• Correlation with bacteria
• Volatiles identified
Att
ract
iven
ess
Attractive blend
• Identification of 5-compound blend
Mukabana et al. J. Chem. Ecol. 2012
Solarmal project
+ -
• Trap + light + phone charger
• 4500 households, 25,000 people
Solarmal project
+ -
• Stepped-wedge cluster-randomised intervention
• Social sciences/ Community involvement important
Solarmal project
+ -
• Parasite prevalence => 30 % reduction
• Malaria mosquito => up to 70% reduction
Next:
• Towards elimination
• Other settings
• Zika/Dengue mosquito
Mosquitoes: Use them!
Infectious disease detection
• Bird flu
• Q fever
• Ebola
• Rabies
Infectious disease detection
Too lateRequires expertise
ExpensiveLabour intensive, difficult in remote locationsBiased (where to look)
PassiveCase detection
ActiveScreening
Use blood fed mosquitoes
X
RIGHT-ID
RIGHT-ID
Mosquito “syringe”
Mosquito trap
Handheld pathogen detection
MSc Thesis report, GJ Wierda - Handheld PCR with disposable PDMS cells
Page 18
Figure 5 Arduino Microcontroller system with labels on some of the important components.
Although some of the Arduino pin connections can be swapped around, if this is consequently stated in
the software used, most of the wiring was based on the examples as stated in the software reference
section in the Materials & Methods. The current wiring is shown in Figure 6. When using the serial
connection for data logging or when the temperature profile is not necessary anymore, the SD-module
can be omitted. Note that the SD Module currently used does not support SDHC or SDXC cards, which
have a too high capacity. Without the fluorescence detection the light sensor can be left out as well. The
LED remains a nice indicator to see if the heating cycle protocol is running as it will also indicate if the
protocol is finished as soon as it switches off automatically.
Figure 6: hook-up scheme. Black = ground, Red = connections of the SD module & the Color sensor, Purple = Reset connection, Orange = 3.3V, Pink = 5V, Blue = LED, Yellow = Push Button, Cyan = NTC Thermistor, Green = Mosfet, Inductor (heating coil) and Battery pack. Arduino external power supply is not shown. A schematic hook up scheme is added in Appendix C: Supplementary information.
Rapid Insight in Global Health Threats of Infectious Diseases
RIGHT-ID
Current detection/ intervention
Proposed RIGHT-IDSpillover
• Spillover domestic animals• Spillover wildlife• Human amplification (e.g. refugee camps, disasters)
Acknowledgements
Willem Takken
Alexandra Hiscox
Sander Koenraadt
Aldrik Velders
Rio Pals
ICIPE, Kenya
Swiss TPIH
Biogents AG, Germany
Radboud University
Rusinga Community Advisory Board
24
Photo: Hans Smid