7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
1/27
*[er Jlaud` Lafme
Jemd`e Loredxpertlmer y n`lsdmejfalatd
FAMFNDFatremunnfa [o. 9
Herjlnfa md l n`lsd mejfalatd da Lrodatfal [o. 9
Nease`fmlnfa md` Dstlme Alnfeal` [o.
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
2/27
FA$%&M'NNF(A
$l` )d* uae md `es e+dtf)es, js fj-ertlatds md dstd trll+e sdl d`-emdr neasfmdrlr nje sd nea!erjl nease`fml ual n`lsd mejfalatd da
`l Lrodatfal, su )fanu`lnfa mfrdntl nea ua jemd`e dneajfne
ds-dn"!fne, ls" neje sus nlrlntdr"stfnls js rd`d)latds.
/d trltl md ual tdjtfnl ;ud l l sfme lermlml, -er fj-ertlatds
luterds l`ouaes md `es nul`ds sd autrfr d` -rdsdatd trll+e> mdsmd
nlj-es mfsnf-`falrfes mfstfates , -er damd nea da!e;uds tljfa
mfs"jf`ds, e -lrnfl`ds, fatdatlame lndr ual s"atdsfs -re-fl md mfnes
da!e;uds, da tlate dse sdl -esf`d.
&nurrda, mdsmd jdmflmes md` sfo`e 4F4 da audstre -l"s, ual sdrfd md
trlas!erjlnfeads dneajfnls -e`"tfnls ;ud mla `uolr l `l nea!erjlnfa
md ual l`fla*l md n`lsd mejfalatd da d` -emdr, da d` ndatre md `l nul` `l
urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd lm;ufdrd ual -esfnfa md nlrntdr dodjafne,
datdamfdame ;ud mdatre md dstl n`lsd sd -udmda dstl`dndr
mf!drdanflnfeads dneajfnls fj-ertlatds.
L`ouaes luterds nltdoerf*la l `l n`lsd mejfalatd md jladrllse`utl, fatdorlml -er `e ;ud l;u" sd ``ljlr ual md sus !rlnnfeads `l
urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd>, ufnlame l `ls etrls !rlnnfeads neje -lrtd md
`ls n`lsds mejfalmls, etres luterds da nljfe )fsul`f*la neje sf `l n`lsd
mejfalatd lntulrl neje ua teme sfa mf)fsfeads fatdrals, e
neatrlmfnnfeads.
Dstd la`fsfs sd danudatrl lsenflme mfrdntljdatd, l` mdslrre``e
l!fla*ljfdate md ual dneaej"l lored8-ertlmerl, -er damd,
neasdnudatdjdatd, l` nfdrrd md `l l`tdraltf)l md ua mdslrre``e famustrfl`,
-fdmrl !uamljdatl` da d` ;ud sd -udmd sustdatlr d` mdslrre``e dneajfne
famd-damfdatd md ua -l"s.
H&%LNF(A MD 7L N7L/D M&FALA$D DA L%6DA$FAL
Nulame latdrferjdatd, da `l Fatremunnfa, sd l`ll md l`fla*l md
n`lsds, ds ual rd!drdanfl l `l neastftunfa md ua oru-e, aeadndslrfljdatd ejeoade, -dre ;ud -dsd l sus neatrlmfnnfeads tfdada
9
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
3/27
l`ouaes e+dtf)es d fatdrdsds ;ud -udmda rdsu`tlr nejuads, da nul
nea!erjlnfa, fanfmda !lnterds dneajfnes tljfa -e`"tfnes, neje `e
-udmd sdr `l lnnfa md` Dstlme.
/d mla l` jfsje tfdj-e -rendses md neandatrlnfa md `l -re-fdmlm
md `ls tfdrrls -remuntf)ls, md l!frjlnfa md ual !erjl md lnuju`lnfa
lorlrfl d8-ertlmerl md nease`fmlnfa md` Dstlme alnfeal`, ;ud da su
nea+uate -remunda `l neastftunfa l!fla*ljfdate md ual n`lsd
mejfalatd dodjeaf*lml -er `l urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd. L` mdnfr md
Cerod ^ilte3 D` d`djdate qud l audstre cufnfe, tuve hfal`jdatd, ual
fah`udanfl mdnfsfvl plrl jlrnlr d` sfaou`lr nurse sdoufme per `l Lrodatfal
hud md ame`d fatdral, senfl` y dnea!jfnl"^enfl`jdatd rdsfme da `l
uafmlm nea `l nul` sd neaherj! su iuroudsl, y da dspdnfl`, `l
#ejeodadfmlm y neandatrlnf!a md rfqud$l da d` dstrlte mejfalatd qud sd
mdhfaf! da su sdae%&
'l hdrtf`fmlm md l (dof!a )ljpdlal
[rd)fljdatd l `l nease`fmlnfa md dstl !erjl md lnuju`lnfa
lorlrfl2d8-ertlmerl, `l -remunnfa olalmdrl `l lntf)fmlm nejdrnfl``folmls l` -udrte md Iudaes Lfrds, sea `ls ;ud fafnfla `l lnuju`lnfa md
nl-ftl` da d` 7fterl`. Da d!dnte, datrd !fads md` sfo`e 40FFF `l jemdrlml d8-lasfa md `l
mdjlaml juamfl` d` fanf-fdatd -rendse md famustrfl`f*lnfa md `ls
-etdanfls dure-dls dstfju`l d` nejdrnfe juamfl` md -remuntes tl`ds
neje `ls `lals `es nudres l` tfdj-e ;ud nrdnd `l mdjlaml md tlsl+e
-lrl d` neasuje md `l jlae md erl dsn`l)l da Dstlmes 'afmes Irlsf`>
sea `es !lnterds ;ud -drjftda `l -rfjdrl d8-lasfa olalmdrl9.
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
4/27
Mfnl d8-lasfa lnd ;ud `l enu-lnfa -er d` famfe md `l jler
-lrtd md `ls tfdrrls sd terad -re`djtfnl. fdatrls ;ud -lrl `ls
lntf)fmlmds olalmdrls erfdatlmls l ual d8-ertlnfa ju `fjftlml e l`
neasuje fatdrae lslmls da `l nl*l l nlj-e lfdrte -rdmejfalatds
lstl l-re8fjlmljdatd
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
5/27
jun#es l+es mdspus/ Cula Jlaud` juy iudae pdre juy `ene/ aes
jlamlil ua orfaoe l tlcdlraes d` irl$e perqud nrdl qud drl ua oul`fn#e
neatrl `l vfrud`l%. -reffdame -er mdnrdte temls `ls
mealnfeads e )datls md `l jfsjl lstl tlate ae sd nudatd nea ual `d
;ud rdou`d dsls trlas!drdanfls. $l` -e`"tfnl tfdad neje -re-sfte
mdn`lrlme -e`lr `l nlj-l5l lsdourlr ua rofjda lorlrfe md -d;ud5es
uroudsds. [dre dste ae sundmd. Neje `l `d ae `fjftl `l su-dr!fnfd md
tfdrrl ;ud nlml se`fnftlatd -udmd etdadr, `es olalmdres, nejdrnflatds d
fa)drserds d8trla+dres md `l -enl sea `es js orlamds dahftdutls.>
7l `d md dahftdusfs )fdad dateands l -drjftfr d` -rendse md
dal+dalnfa md `ls tfdrrls !fsnl`ds jlrnl d` alnfjfdate md `es orlamds
tdrrltdafdatds. Da
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
6/27
-re)fanfl` md Iudaes Lfrds mfs-ead d` lrrdamljfdate md tfdrrls -lrl
-lsturl nu`tf)e md `ls ;ud sd dad!fnfla l-dals uaes K# lrrdamltlrfes.
Da `l -enl md %esls d` jdnlafsje md l-re-flnfa tdrrfterfl`
l`nla*l orlamds mfjdasfeads l ;ud teml ual sdrfd md `dds -re-fnfl `l
)datl md tfdrrl !fsnl`ds. Da
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
7/27
nea!erjlnfa md dstls nerrfdatds ae !udrla `ls -rdtdamfmls, l ;ud ae
-rendm"la da su orla jler"l md `es -l"sds lao`esl+eads e armfnes.
L` rds-dnte, nld sd5l`lr ;ud la sfa odadrl`f*lr sd danudatrl
fastl`lme d` jfte, ;ud d` preordse%md `l Lrodatfal dst neastrufme serd
`l lsd md` trll+e md `es fajforlatds, sf fda sdr"l adnfe adolr `l
fj-ertlanfl ;ud -umfdrea tdadr da d` dstl`dnfjfdate md junls
ne`eafls, -udmd sdr tf`, tdadr da nudatl `ls e-fafeads md ua tdstfoe md `l
-enl, neje `e !ud, d` leolme nltl`a Cula 4fl`dt Jlss, ;ufda -er
danlroe md` fafstre md` Fatdrfer md %enl,Celqua 8. -ea$`d$, rdnerrf `l
Lrodatfal, -remu+e ua ?aherjd, serd `l sftulnfa md `l n`lsd erdrl
lrodatfal, md `es famfes serd d` dstlme md mdslrre``e da `ls mf!drdatds
[re)fanfls, rd`ltlame nea `u+e md mdtl` ds sus esdr)lnfeads, `ls ;ud sfamuml, jdrdnda `l rdl`f*lnfa md ua trll+e famd-damfdatd md` lntul`.
Ae estlatd d``e, da rd`lnfa l `es fajforlatds `ls ne`eafls, da
ual -lrtd md su `fre rd`ltl `l sfoufdatd lanmetl rd!drfml l `ls ne`eafls
md /latl Hd3 *ulame da &7
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
8/27
famfe, r-fmljdatd )damfmls l `es -re-fdtlrfes d8fstdatds, `ls )datls l
trl)s md sulstls md orlamds d8tdasfeads mfs-eaf`ds trls `l nlj-l5l l`
mdsfdrte.
Nulame `l d8-ertlnfa md nl-ftl`ds d` fanrdjdate md `l mdjlaml
md l fjdates -er -lrtd md `es jdrnlmes neasujfmerds dure-des
nejfda*la l d+drndr su fa!`udanfl, d8fstda da `l Lrodatfal nlj-es
`enl`f*lmes da `l *eal tdj-`lml, nul -re-fdmlm neandatrlml, e!rdnd
neamfnfeads -tfjls -lrl `l -remunnfa lorlrfl. [rntfnljdatd ae
rd;ufdrda md dj-`de md leae `es olalmes -udmda -lstlr l` lfrd `frd
orlnfls l` n`fjl dafoae.
Dsl nlrlntdr"stfnl -lrtfnu`lr md `l -lj-l jdml )l l mdtdrjfalr `l
luamlatd rdatlf`fmlm md `es nlj-es -re-fdmlm md `es tdrrltdafdatdslrodatfaes, jeae-e`fe md `l -re-fdmlm l su )d* -esff`ftlme tlate -er `ls
j`tf-`ds lnnfeads dstltl`ds ;ud tfdada `uolr mdsmd -rfanf-fes md` sfo`e
4F4, neje -er `l d8fstdanfl md ual fanf-fdatd lnuju`lnfa md nl-ftl`
l`rdmdmer md` nejdrnfe -ertulrfe `l olalmdr"l.
L` rds-dnte md `l rdatlf`fmlm, ^ilte jdanfeal ua je)fjfdate md
!`u+e rd!`u+e md `l su-dr!fnfd mdstfalml l `l -remunnfa lor"ne`l,
ltrfuame`l l `l )lrflnfa md `es -rdnfes rd`ltf)es datrd `es ndrdl`ds `l
nlrad, `e ;ud !uamljdatl su -esturl lndrnl md `l fj-ertlanfl mdnfsf)l md
mfnl rdatlf`fmlm da `ls mdnfsfeads lndrnl md` use md `l tfdrrl.
Mfnd ^ilte/ "`l dxp`etlnf!a lorne`l md `l pljpl,
huamljdatl`jdatd erfdatlml l `l premunnf!a ndrdl`drl, jemfhfn!" ual
erolaf$lnf!a y dstrunturl premuntfvl qud #lirla md pdrjladndr nlsf
favlrfli`ds da `es sfoufdatds sdsdatl l+es%6
` sustdatl da su trll+e, ;ud l mf!drdanfl md `e -`latdlme -er etres
luterds, `es orlamds tdrrltdafdatds -lj-dlaes, ae lntulrea nea -lutls
dneajfnls -rdnl-ftl`fstls, sfae md lnudrme l `l `ofnl fatdral d `l
erolaf*lnfa nl-ftl`fstl md` -l"s.
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
9/27
sfju`tadljdatd da ua )lrflme ds-dntre md lntf)fmlmds -remuntf)ls
ds-dnu`ltf)ls..
/f da ua -rfjdr jejdate `ls d8-ertlnfeads md jlau!lnturls md
nl-ftl`ds fao`dsds sd mfrfoda -rfanf-l`jdatd l Dure-l Dstlmes 'afmes,
-reate nejfda*la l erfdatlrsd l aud)ls rdls. Da d!dnte, datrd
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
10/27
`es nl-ftl`ds rftafnes, da lm;ufdrd jltdrfls
-rfjls l`fjdates l l+e -rdnfe ;ud `d -drjftda, l su )d*, fanrdjdatlr
su d8-ertlnfa md -remuntes famustrfl`ds.
Da s"atdsfs, d` lne-`ljfdate md `es -rendses fatdralnfeal`ds md
lujdate md `l mdjlaml md l`fjdates, md d8-ertlnfa md nl-ftl`ds, md
nl"ml md `es !`dtds -remunte md `ls faae)lnfeads tdnae`ofnls> md
d8ndse md jlae md erl da `es -l"sds dure-des nea `l -etdanfl`fmlm md
`ls tfdrrls md `l -lj-l jdml -lrl `l -remunnfa md nlrads orlaes
neamunda l` nrdnfjfdate fandslatd md `ls -remunnfeads lore-dnulrfls ual
)d* ;ud stls sd erfdatla l `l d8-ertlnfa.
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
11/27
7ls sundsf)ls l-re-flnfeads md tfdrrl ``d)lmls l nle da `ls
mnlmls latdrferds lm;ufdrda lerl trlsndamdanfl dneajfnl l` tfdj-e
;ud `l d8-lasfa md `l `"adl md !reatdrl, d` l)land md` !drrenlrrf` ;ud
rdmund `es nestes fatdraes md trlas-ertd>, `l nrdnfdatd fajforlnfa ;ud
se`unfeal d` -re`djl md `l dsnlsd* md jlaes md erl> `ls jd+erls
tnafnls -drjftda d` faordse md aud)ls tfdrrls l `l -remunnfa.
7l faner-erlnfa md `l Lrodatfal l` jdrnlme juamfl` nejfalml nea
`l -re-fdmlm jeae-`fnl md orlamds d8tdasfeads md tfdrrls !rtf`ds, )l l
-drjftfr `l nl-tlnfa md ual rdatl lorlrfl l af)d` fatdralnfeal` ;ud
rdsu`tl md `l mf!drdanfl datrd `l nlatfmlm md trll+e dj-`dlml da `l
-remunnfa md `l jdrnlan"l d8-ertlml `l ;ud sd utf f*l -lrl `l
-remunnfa md ual nlatfmlm d;uf)l`datd da d` ndatre.7l l-drturl md` jdrnlme fatdrfer md` ndatre l `l -remunnfa lorlrfl
md aud)ls rdofeads lstl dateands dsnlsljdatd -e`lmls -remund d`
llrltljfdate md `es l`fjdates `l nl"ml md `l rdatl lorlrfl l` tfdj-e
;ud ua aeterfe fanrdjdate md `ls d8-ertlnfeads famustrfl`ds lnd !lntf`d
d` fanrdjdate md` trll+e da `l -drf!drfl.
7l rdatl etdafml l -lrtfr md `l d8-ertlnfa md `l -remunnfa
lore-dnulrfl -lj-dlal da neamfnfeads ;ud fatdasf!fnla `l -remuntf)fmlm
md` trll+e, ae ds l-re-flml d8n`usf)ljdatd -er `es tdrrltdafdatds. [lrtd
md dsl rdatl sd mfstrfufr datrd `es sfstdjls md nejdrnfl`f*lnfa,
trlas-ertd !fala*ls sfoalmes -er d` nl-ftl` d8trla+dre.
7es rdnurses !falanfdres djdrodatds md `l fatdorlnfa md `l
Lrodatfal l` jdrnlme juamfl` nl-ftl`fstl tfdada ual fj-ertlanfl mdnfsf)l
da `l !erjlnfa md `l n`lsd mejfalatd lrodatfal. 7l )l`erf*lnfa md `ls
tfdrrls famunfml -er `l d8-lasfa lor"ne`l olalmdrl `l -esdsfa md
)lnuaes,nlpftl` sdjf`qufme%,sea `es d+ds md `l nl-tlnfa md rdnurses
!falanfdres. Md tl` jeme, d` lujdate md` -rdnfe md `l tfdrrl md` olalme J
neje rdsu`tlatd md `l faner-erlnfa l` jdrnlme juamfl`2 !l)erdnda d`
nrdnfjfdate md` nl-ftl` `enl` `l etdanfa md ual fj-ertlatd nlatfmlm md
mfadre `";ufme.
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
12/27
ual n`lsd mejfalatd lslml da ual lnuju`lnfa lored8-ertlmerl. Dsls
d8-ertlnfeads sd erfdatla l `l rdl`f*lnfa md erls ;ud !lnf`ftla `l
nejdrnfl`f*lnfa d` trlas-ertd md `es -remuntes lrodatfaes da d`
jdrnlme fatdralnfeal`. 7l aeterfl fanfmdanfl md `es nl-ftl`ds fao`dsds
-drjftd `l d8-lasfa md` !drrenlrrf` `l jemdraf*lnfa md` -udrte md
Iudaes Lfrds.
Lmdjs, sf fda, ae estlatd, `ls fa)drsfeads md nl-ftl` rftafne
sea n`lrljdatd dsnlsls da d` sdnter famustrfl`, s" sd -udmd mdnfr, ;ud sea
md erfoda fao`s `es nl-ftl`ds ;ud fastl`la `es -rfjdres !rfoer"!fnes. 7l
lsenflnfa md` jeae-e`fe md `l tfdrrl nea `es nl-ftl`fstls fao`dsds, `es ;ud
l su )d* -lrtfnf-la da `l -remunnfa md uae md `es -rfanf-l`ds fdads
d8-ertl`ds, fa!`ud !udrtdjdatd da d` nejdrnfe d8tdrfer.7es nl-ftl`ds d8trla+dres fan`uda ae s`e `es !rfoer"!fnes `es
sdr)fnfes -`fnes !drrenlrrf`ds, ols, trla)"ls, td`!eaes, sutdrrades
dadro"l d`ntrfnl> sfae tljfa `ls nej-l5"ls d8-ertlmerls md orlaes,
`es lanes, `ls nej-l5"ls md tfdrrls `ls dj-rdsls jlr"tfjls ;ud
trlas-ertla `l -remunnfa lrodatfal. Md dstl jladrl, lf`ftla `es
jdnlafsjes nejdrnfl`ds !falanfdres -lrl `l je)f f*lnfa md `l
-remunnfa d8-ertl`d `l mfstrfunfa md fj-ertlnfeads da d` jdrnlme
fatdrae.
Md tl` jeme, `l Lrodatfal alnd neje ual !erjlnfa alnfeal` lnfl
-drf!rfnl
md-damfdatd da d` jfsje jejdate da ;ud l `l !erjl md d8-lasfa md`
nl-ftl`fsje -er `l d8-ertlnfa md jdrnlan"ls sd sujl `l d8-ertlnfa md
nl-ftl`ds. [drf!rfnl md-damfdatd -er;ud, `l lnuju`lnfa md` nl-ftl`
mdrf)l -rfanf-l`jdatd md `l d)e`unfa md `es -l"sds ndatrl`ds,
!uamljdatl`jdatd, md `l md 6rla Irdtl5l, ;udmlame ls" d` -l"s
suermfalme da sus rd`lnfeads d8tdrals.
7l rd`lnfa fa)drsl datrd `ls !lsds neuaturl`ds md Fao`ltdrrl `l
md `ls alnfeads -drf!rfnls )fanu`lmls l d``l, -esff`ftll ;ud da `ls !lsds
lsndamdatds md lnuju`lnfa md` %dfae 'afme !udrtd fj-ertlnfa md
jltdrfls -rfjls, m!fnft nejdrnfl`> sd nrdlrla neamfnfeads md -res-drfmlm
da sus senfes `enl`ds lslmls da `l fj-ertlnfa md nl-ftl`ds -re)dafdatds
md `l jdtr-e`f.[er d` neatrlrfe, nulame da Fao`ltdrrl nejda*ll `l dtl-l
md-rdsf)l, `es nl-ftl`ds, ltrl"mes -er `ls jlerds tlsls md fatdrs
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
13/27
e!rdnfmls -er `ls fastftunfeads !falanfdrls rftafnls, rdteralla l su -l"s
md erfoda mdsnlrolame `ls neasdnudanfls md `l nrfsfs da `es -l"sds md `l
-drf!drfl. 6rla Irdtl5l -ume ls" neatre`lr `es nfn`es dneajfnes da su
-re-fe dad!fnfe mlml su -esfnfa dodjafnl da d` nejdrnfe `ls
!fala*ls fatdralnfeal`ds.
7es faordses md nl-ftl`ds `l nlatfmlm md `ls d8-ertlnfeads
lorlrfls, -f lrds md` !uanfealjfdate md `l !erjl md lnuju`lnfa
lored8-ertlmerl, md-damda md `ls neamfnfeads ds-dn"!fnls md `es
jdrnlmes lorlrfes md nl-ftl`ds md `es -l"sds ndatrl`ds. D` rdsu`tlme ds,
n`lre dst, ual jlrnlml )u`adrlf`fmlm d8tdral3 d` -ltra md esnf`lnfeads
dneajfnls d8-lasfa2rdndsfa> ;ud sd rdofstrl da `l dneaej"l
lored8-ertlmerl danudatrl su erfoda da `l )lrflf fmlm md `lsd8-ertlnfeads md` faordse md nl-ftl`ds.
7l !erjl md lnuju`lnfa lored8-ertlmerl ae dst sustdatlml
d8n`usf)ljdatd da `es faordses md nl-ftl`ds da `l neasdr)lnfa md `es
jdrnlmes -lrl sus d8-ertlnfeads sfae tljfa da `ls fj-ertlnfeads md
fdads jlau!lnturlmes. Da odadrl`, `es lrt"nu`es md neasuje, d8nd-te `l
nlrad )lnual etres l`fjdates, sd fj-ertla neje ls" tljfa nlsf `l
tetl`fmlm md `ls jl;ufalrfls d;uf-es. Da rd`lnfa l `l dstrunturl md `ls
fj-ertlnfeads sdoa `ls famustrfls md erfoda, `l -esfnfa mejfalatd `l
tfdada, fan`use l !fads md `l mnlml md` )dfatd, `es -remuntes td8tf`ds, d`
fdrre d` lndre.
Md dstl jladrl sd nea!erjl ua n"rnu`e )fnfese, md` nul` rdsu`tl ual
lndatulml suermfalnfa l `ls neamfnfeads d8tdrals. [er ua `lme, l
mdsmd latds md `l -rfjdrl oudrrl juamfl`, `es sdr)fnfes md `l mduml sea
su-drferds l` sl`me md `l l`la*l nejdrnfl`. [er tlate, nlml l5e sd
adndsftl md `l datrlml md aud)es nl-ftl`ds -lrl d)ftlr -re`djls da `l
l`la*l md -loes.
3emer y 20*eaad``&;sd5l`la ;ud da teml `l -rfjdrl jftlm md` sfo`e
44 `l nerrfdatd md sdr)fnfes !falanfdres fatdrdsds, dad!fnfes,
ljertf*lnfeads> lnfl d` d8tdrfer su-drl `l md` nl-ftl` faordslme l` -l"s.
Lsfjfsje, ae -udmda rdmunfrsd !nf`jdatd `ls fj-ertlnfeads l ;ud
neatrfuda md jladrl mdnfsf)l l sltfs!lndr d` neasuje fatdrae. Md tl`
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
14/27
jeme, rd-rdsdatla, l` foul` ;ud `es sdr)fnfes md `l mduml, ual nlrol !f+l
aeterfljdatd fa!`d8f`d !rdatd l `es faordses md mf)fsls ;ud, -er d`
neatrlrfe, sea l`tljdatd fadstl`ds. 7es -re)ddmerds md mf)fsls
-rfanf-l`jdatd, dj-rdsls ndrdl`drls !rfoer"!fnes neadntlmes l`
nejdrnfe d8tdrfer> dsta neandatrlmes d+drnda ua !udrtd neatre` serd
`ls rdsdr)ls md mfnls mf)fsls, `e nul` lorl)l `l )u`adrlf`fmlm md `l
dneaej"l.
D` dne md ;ud da d` jdrnlme juamfl` sd !f+da `es -rdnfes md `es
-remuntes d` mdstfae md `es nl-ftl`ds mdtdrjfal famfrdntljdatd ;u
nea)fdad -remunfr, l ;ud `es ndatres famustrfl`f*lmes tfdada ls" -emdr md
mdnfsfa serd `l erolaf*lnfa fatdral md `l -remunnfa. Md tl` jeme l`
-rejdmflr `l sdouaml jftlm md` sfo`e 4F4 `l lmdnulnfa l `ls aud)lsd8fodanfls md` jdrnlme dure-de, mdslrtfnu`l `l fanf-fdatd dneaej"l
d8-ertlmerl l-elml da `es nudres d` tlsl+e -lrl mlr -lse l` mdslrre``e
md `l olalmdr"l e)fal `l d8-ertlnfa md `lals.
Nulame tfdad `uolr `l le`fnfa md `l dsn`l)ftum da Dstlmes 'afmes
, da Nul da Irlsf` , lstl dateands `es jdrnlmes
trlmfnfeal`ds md `l d8-ertlnfa olalmdrl, nejfda*l l mdn falr `l
d8-ertlnfa md nlrad sl`lml lrodatfal lm;ufdrd -rfjln"l `l nrfla*l md
e)faes jdrfaes erfdatlml l `es jdrnlmes neasujfmerds dure-des ;ud
rd;ufdrda -lrl sus famustrfls md td+fmes md `lal `lrol.
7l fatremunnfa md `l neasdr)lnfa md nlrads neaod`lmls l
-rfanf-fes md `l mnlml md` endatl -remund d` mds-`l*ljfdate md`
jdrfae3 sd `e nejfda*l l rddj-`l*lr -er etrls rl*ls e sd `e jdstf*l nea
d` e+dte md etdadr jd+erds rdamfjfdates nrades md` olalme e)fae. Ae
estlatd su -rmfml md fj-ertlanfl !rdatd l` `lalr, d` olalme )lnuae
2nea)dafdatdjdatd jd+erlme -lrl lml-tlrsd l` ouste dure-de2 danudatrl
ual sl`fml jdrndm l` mdslrre``e md `l d8-ertlnfa md olalme da -fd serd
teme l Fao`ltdrrl.
7udoe, datrd
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
15/27
!rfoer"!fnes erfdatlmes l `l d8-ertlnfa md nlrads lerl tljfa
-remunda nlrads da!rflmls> neamunda l` l-eode md` )lnuae !fae, `e nul`
tfdad ua d!dnte neatrl-remundatd serd d` `lalr lstl dateands -rdmf`dnte
md `es olalmdres, mlame nejfda*e dateands l` -rdmejfafe md `ls
d8-ertlnfeads md nlrads )lnuals neaod`lmls da!rflmls.
7ls aud)ls tnafnls !rfoer"!fnls d` jler rd!faljfdate md` olalme
)la md `l jlae nea d` mdslrre``e lor"ne`l js fatdase lnd`drlme md `l
rdofa -lj-dlal. Dstl d8-lasfa md `l -remunnfa lor"ne`l ds
sfoaf!fnltf)l serd teme sf tdadjes da nudatl ;ud da `es l5es latdrferds l
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
16/27
d8-ertlnfeads juamfl`ds md mfnes -remuntes. L` tfdj-e ;ud jfdatrls
;ud da
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
17/27
N&A/&7FMLNF(A MD7 D/$LM& ALNF&AL7
/f l trll+es ;ud lm)fdrtda d` -l-d` ;ud tfdada `es mes -rfjdres
-rendses, d` md `l d8-lasfa neandatrlnfa tdrrfterfl` d` md `l !erjl md
lnuju`lnfa lorlrfl d8-ertlmerl, da `l nea!erjlnfa md `l n`lsd
mejfalatd da `l Lrodatfal ae -udmd mdnfrsd `e jfsje da `e rd!drfme l` re`
md` Dstlme. E, sfa djlroe, sd rd)d`l fj-esf`d nej-rdamdr mfnl
nea!erjlnfa sfa tdadr da nudatl d` -rendse md neastrunnfa md` Dstlme
alnfeal`. Da `l faner-erlnfa md dstd ls-dnte neastftutf)e rlmfnl,
nrddjes, udal -lrtd md `l rd`d)lanfl md audstrl -re-udstl.
Ds d` Dstlme, l trl)s md j`tf-`ds jdnlafsjes, d` ;ud neastrud ua
tdrrdae s`fme md nea!`udanfl md `es fatdrdsds md `ls mfstfatls !rlnnfeadsmd `l urouds"l. 7e lnd, serd teme, fatdr)fafdame lntf)ljdatd da `l
nease`fmlnfa md `ls neamfnfeads adndslrfls l `l !erjl md lnuju`lnfa
djdrodatd, jlatdafdame d` ermda da teme d` tdrrfterfe l trl)s md sus
l-lrltes rd-rdsf)es, !lrfnlame ua mfsnurse -e`"tfne d fmde`ofne lnermd l
`ls aud)ls neamfnfeads nedsfealame `l !erjlnfa senfl`.
7l !udrtd d8-lasfa md `l mdjlaml juamfl` md -remuntes
lore-dnulrfes md n`fjl tdj-`lme `l mfs-esfnfa da `l Lrodatfal md
tfdrrls !rtf`ds -lrl dstl -remunnfa ae sea neamfnfeads su!fnfdatds -lrl
-esff`ftlr d` nrdnfjfdate md `l -remunnfa md `ls d8-ertlnfeads
lore-dnulrfls.
D` Dstlme, ;ud lm;ufdrd su nease`fmlnfa fastftunfeal` lnfl ual Lrodatfal -drf!rfnl nea ual!erjl md lnuju`lnfa slt`ftd. [er ua `lme, d` Dstlme tfdad ua -l-d`
neastftutf)e da `l nrdlnfa rd-remunnfa md `ls neamfnfeads rdnurses
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
18/27
adndslrfes l `l se`fmf!fnlnfa md` aud)e -rendse md -remunnfa -l-d` ;ud
da sus fafnfes sd trlmund ndatrl`jdatd da `l -udstl da jlrnl md `es
l-lrltes rd-rdsf)es.
[er d` etre, l-lrdnd neje -remunte md dsl d8-lasfa3 `l
ju`tf-`fnlnfa ds-dnfl`f*lnfa md `ls fastlanfls dstltl`ds rds-eamda, da
-lrtd, l `l adndsfmlm md rdse`)dr `es -re`djls ;ud -`latdl d` mdslrre``e
md `l aud)l !erjl md lnuju`lnfa. Da dstd -rendse f`ltdrl` d` Dstlme ae
neamdasl sfj-`djdatd `es fatdrdsds md `l urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd sfae
tljfa `es fatdrdsds md` nl-ftl` fatdralnfeal` mejfalatd `es md `es
mdjs nl-ftl`ds fj-drfl`fstls.
L trl)s md `ls lnnfeads tdamfdatds l `l )foerf*lnfa md `l !erjl md
lnuju`lnfa lorlrfl d8-ertlmerl, md `l !erjl`f*lnfa md ua mfsnurseuaf!fnlmer d` md` ermda d` -reordse sfa `"jftds> md` mfsnf-`faljfdate
nl`f!fnlnfa md `l !udr*l md trll+e dsne`lrf*lnfa, dtn.>, d` Dstlme )fdad
l nuj-`fr ua -l-d` erolaf*lmer ds-dn"!fne rds-dnte md `ls mf!drdatds
!rlnnfeads md `l urouds"l.
Nrdl `ls neamfnfeads -re-fnfls -lrl d` mdslrre``e ejeodadf*lnfa
md uals !rlnnfeads ;ud enu-la `uolrds mf!drdatds da d` -rendse md
-remunnfa, l ;ud da d!dnte, `l urouds"l ae sd -rdsdatl
neastftutf)ljdatd uaf!fnlml, dste ds, ae neastftud ual n`lsd senfl` nea
fatdrdsds ejeoades l da d` tdrrdae dneajfne. /f l-lrdnd metlml md
nfdrtl uafmlm ds -er `l jdmflnfa md` Dstlme3 s`e dateands sd neastftud
da ua `e;ud nea fatdrdsds nejuads l -dslr md sus neatrlmfnnfeads.
Ds `l luteaej"l rd`ltf)l md` Dstlme rds-dnte l nlml !rlnnfa md`
`e;ud da d` -emdr `l ;ud `d -drjftd lsdourlr `l erolaf*lnfa md` fatdrs
odadrl` md `l urouds"l su erolaf*lnfa -e`"tfnl>, l` tfdj-e ;ud rdl`f*lr
nej-rejfses nea `ls n`lsds mejfalmls. Mfne -l-d` md` Dstlme Alnfeal`
da `l uaf!fnlnfa md `l n`lsd mejfalatd, -udmd datdamdrsd jd+er sf sd
tejla da nudatl `ls rd`lnfeads md !udr*l ds-dn"!fnls ;ud dsta da `l lsd
md `l neastrunnfa md mfne Dstlme.
7l l!frjlnfa md` Dstlme fj-`fnl `l jeae-e`f*lnfa md `l )fe`danfl
`do"tfjl, `l neasdnunfa md `es rdnurses adndslrfes l su !uanfealjfdate
`l rd-remunnfa -udstl da jlrnl md sus l-lrltes rd-rdsf)es d
fmde`ofnes. 7es -re`djls ;ud sd e-eada l d``e l !fads md` sfo`e 4F4 sea,datrd etres, d` neatre` -er -lrtd md `ls urouds"ls ealdrdasds `es
tdrrltdafdatds olalmdres `es nejdrnflatds> md `l rdatl lmuladrl, `l
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
19/27
lusdanfl md ua d+rnfte lutatfnljdatd alnfeal`, d` mejfafe md orla
-lrtd md` tdrrfterfe -er `es famfes `l nlrdanfl md ual rdsfmdanfl md!faftf)l
md` 6efdrae Alnfeal`.
D` re;ufsje ;ud rd-rdsdatl `l l fla*l datrd `ls urouds"ls
-re)fanfl`ds sfa nead8fa nea d` nl-ftl` d8trla+dre ;ud neandatrl `es
l-ees md `ls nerrfdatds -e-u`lrds md` l`sfafsje ealdrdasd, `es
fatd`dntul`ds md` fatdrfer d` fanf-fdatd d+rnfte alnfeal`> rdsud`)d uae
-er uae dses -re`djls -remunfdame `l uaf!fnlnfa alnfeal`. L trl)s md`
neatre` md` d+rnfte, da!rdatl d` jeae-e`fe md `l rdatl md `ls urouds"ls
nejdrnfl` tdrrltdafdatd olalmdrl ealdrdasds `l mfstrfud l temls
`ls -re)fanfls l` tfdj-e ;ud etfdad ual !udatd md rdnurses l `l ;ud sd
sujla r-fmljdatd `es dj-rstftes d8trla+dres> -lrl d`mdsda)e`)fjfdate d8-lasfa md` Dstlme alnfeal`.
7es `"jftds l `l d8-lasfa md `ls !udr*ls -remuntf)ls rd;udrfml -er
`ls rd`lnfeads nl-ftl`fstls juamfl`ds lalr;u"l jeadtlrfl, -e`lnfa
fasu!fnfdatd, nljfaes fatrlasftl`ds, lmulals fatdrferds, aerjls
mfs-drsls neatrlmfnterfls, dtn.>, sea rdje)fmes -er d` Dstlme alnfeal`.
std, l trl)s md `es oefdraes nea dodjea"l re;ufstl, fatdr)fdad
nrdlame !ertl`dnfdame `ls neamfnfeads ;ud !l)erdnda d` -rendse md
-remunnfa mejfalatd neastrunnfa md aud)ls )"ls md nejuafnlnfa,
fj-esfnfa md `dds odadrl`ds ;ud rdou`la `ls e-drlnfeads nejdrnfl`ds
`l -re-fdmlm md `l tfdrrl, d8-lasfa md` l-lrlte dmunltf)e md` sfstdjl
md sl`um, -e`ljfdate md` tdrrfterfe, dtn.>.
Ae estlatd, d` re;ufsje da d` -emdr -reate sd danudatrl -rdse md
ual lat"tdsfs frrdse`u`d. fdatrls ;ud `ls !udr*ls ;ud `e fatdorla
md!fdamda d` -retdnnfeafsje dstltl`, `es nl-ftl`ds fatdralnfeal`ds 2 ;ud
+udola ua -l-d` famfs-dasl`d da d` !falanfljfdate md` Dstlme da d`
mdslrre``e md `ls rd`lnfeads md -remunnfa )fodatds2 ae sd fatdrdsla -er
`l famustrfl`f*lnfa neje tlj-ene `l urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd.
7l fatdral`f*lnfea md `es nl-ftl`ds !erades d` neasfoufdatd
mdslrre``e md `ls !udr*ls -remuntf)ls tdrjfal -remunfdame `l )fanu`lnfa
datrd `ls urouds"ls -re)fanfl`ds rd-rdsdatlmls -er d` re;ufsje> `ls
urouds"ls -ertulrfls rd-rdsdatlmls -er d` jftrfsje>, tejlame !erjl `l
e`folr;u"l.7l urouds"l nea dodjea"l tdrrltdafdatd ae danudatrl da d`
Dstlme ua fastrujdate dne l su jdmfml dste -er;ud `ls mfstfatls
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
20/27
rdsfstdanfls sd fasnrfda da `l jltdrfl`fmlm jfsjl md dsd Dstlme>, -dre s"
ll da ` ua ds-lnfe -rf)f`doflme md d+drnfnfe md su dodjea"l -e`"tfnl.
7es -rfanf-fes md` `fdrl`fsje, nea `es ;ud `l urouds"l neastftud
su fmdatfmlm -e`"tfnl, oulrmla ual rd`lnfa e+dtf)l nea `es !uamljdates
md `ls fastftunfeads dstltl`ds3 sd ml ual lrtfnu`lnfa datrd `es fatdrdsds
-lrtfnu`lrds md `l urouds"l d` mfsnurse md` Dstlme ;ud -ren`ljl `l
md!dasl md `ls `fdrtlmds, `l -rejenfa md` -reordse md` ermda. 'a
lj-`fe nea+uate md !uanfealrfes2fatd`dntul`ds md `l urenrlnfl dstltl` sd
fmdatf!fnl ls" nea `l fmde`eo"l -re-fl md `l urouds"l `frdnljfstl.
/fatdtf*lame, ds rdnfa l -lrtfr md `l rdl f*lnfa md` e+dtf)e
dstrltofne md `l nl-ftl`f*lnfa md Iudaes Lfrds `l neasfoufdatd
alnfeal`f*lnfa md `l rdatl, ``d)lml lmd`latd -er d` re;ufsje, ;ud d`Dstlme alnfeal` nejfda*l l lm;ufrfr nl-lnfmlm -lrl jlatdadr, js l``
md `ls lrjls, `l nedsfa md `l !erjlnfa senfl` lrodatfal lstl dsd
jejdate neastlatdjdatd da +l;ud.
Nfdrtljdatd, lstl `l nea!fourlnfa md` re;ufsje `l nerrd`lnfa md
!udr*ls ae ml -lrl `l neastftunfa md ua Dstlme alnfeal`. 7ls n`lsds
-ertulrfls -remunda ual dstrunturl -e`"tfnl `fjftlml l Iudaes Lfrds l`
-udrte jfdatrls ;ud d` re;ufsje, rd-rdsdatlatd md `es fatdrdsds md `ls
urouds"ls lorlrfls d famustrfl`ds md` fatdrfer, neasfoud lrtfnu`lr `es
fatdrdsds md `ls !udr*ls alnfeal`ds l jdanfealmls3 d` l`sfafsje
ealdrdasd, `es rdstes md `es d+rnftes !dmdrl`ds, `l aud)l lorfnu`turl md`
fatdrfer, dtn.
Murlatd `ls mnlmls sfoufdatds l `l !dmdrl`f*lnfa, d` re;ufsje
nlml )d* js fjrfnlme nea `l l`fla*l md n`lsd mejfalatd> dstfju`l `l
nease`fmlnfa md ua sfstdjl md fastftunfeads alnfeal`ds rd`ltf)ljdatd
famd-damfdatd md `ls l`fla*ls `enl`ds. Dstd sfstdjl mds-`l*l
-lu`ltfaljdatd `l rd`lnfa datrd -re)fanfls neje d+d md `l `unl -e`"tfnl,
-lrl mlr `uolr l etrls fastlanfls, tl`ds neje d` neaordse alnfeal` d`
sfstdjl md -lrtfmes. Dstls fastftunfeads nea!fourla `es aud)es ds-lnfes
md `l `unl -e`"tfnl ae s`e md `ls mfstfatls !rlnnfeads md `l n`lsd
mejfalatd sfae tljfa md `ls n`lsds mejfalmls.
Da s"atdsfs, -er d` jfsje -rendse ;ud sd nea!fourla `es ls-dntes
neastftutf)es md` Dstlme alnfeal` tejl !erjl `l l fla*l md n`lsdmejfalatd ;ud l-lrdnd metlml md ual erolaf*lnfa -e`"tfnl d fmde`ofnl.
[er ual -lrtd, sd nease`fml ua nea+uate md l-lrltes rd`ltf)ljdatd
9
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
21/27
lutaejes ;ud olrlatf*la `l nedsfa md `l !erjlnfa senfl` l `l )d* ;ud
neamdasl `ls rd`lnfeads md !udr*l datrd `ls n`lsds -rdsdatds da mfnl
!erjlnfa. [er `l etrl, `ls mf!drdatds !rlnnfeads md` nl-ftl` nea!fourla ual
l`fla*l -e`"tfnl md `lroe -`l*e md l`nland alnfeal`, ua `e;ud da d`
-emdr.
[rudl md d``e ds ;ud `ls -e`"tfnls dneajfnls md `lroe -`l*e
fj-`djdatlmls -er d` Dstlme l sdl da `es oefdraes re;ufstls e da `es
rlmfnl`ds> murlatd teml `l !lsd md lnuju`lnfa lslml da `ls
d8-ertlnfeads lore-dnulrfls ofrla da terae l `l l-drturl md `l dneaej"l
l `ls !udr*ls e-drlatds da d` jdrnlme juamfl`, l `l faner-erlnfa jlsf)l
md fajforlatds md fa)drsfeads d8trla+drls, l` trltljfdate mf!drdanfl` md
`ls fj-ertlnfeads, l `l d8-lasfa md` olste - fne adndslrfe l`nrdnfjfdate md `l dneaej"l, l `l erolaf*lnfa md ua sfstdjl jeadtlrfe
dstl`d, l `l d8-lasfa md ua nea+uate md lanes dstltl`ds ;ud -drjftd `l
!erjlnfa md ua jdrnlme !falanfdre, l `l nease`fmlnfa md` jlrne `dol`
adndslrfe l `ls trlaslnnfeads nejdrnfl`ds Nmfoes [dal`, md fadr"l, md
Nejdrnfe, dtn.>.
Da etrls -l`lrls, `l !erjl t"-fnl md fatdr)danfa md` Dstlme ;ud
mfstl june md sdr ua Dstlme odamlrjd neje -rdtdamda `es `fdrl`ds>
lnd !ene da `ls adndsfmlmds md rd-remunnfa md `l !erjl md lnuju`lnfa
da ;ud sd lsl d` -emdr md `ls !rlnnfeads js fj-ertlatds md `l l`fla*l
md n`lsd mejfalatd. D` jlad+e md `l neuaturl dneajfnl, -er su -lrtd,
l` `fjftlrsd l lnej-l5lr `ls )lrflnfeads md` nfn`e dneajfne fafnflme da
`es ndatres famustrfl`ds, e-drl da d` jfsje sdatfme.
Da d!dnte, d` Dstlme nl-tl ual udal -lrtd md `ls fa)drsfeads
d8trla+drls l trl)s md `es dj-rstftes oudraljdatl`ds
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
22/27
md` serd `ls utf fmlmds adtls rdl f*l neandsfeads md tfdrrls
lmlndatds l `ls )"ls, dtn.
Dstes d+dj-`es judstrla nje d` Dstlme fatdr)fdad lntf)ljdatd
dstfju`lame d` -rendse md lnuju`lnfa. 7e lnd serd `l lsd md`
damdumljfdate d8tdrae `l neasfoufdatd sl`fml md mf)fsls. dnlafsje
;ud jestrlr su !rlof`fmlm da nlml nrfsfs, neje `ls md ae ds lnej-l5lml -er etre tf-e md jdmfmls l` tfdj-e ;ud d`
jfsje sfstdjl lrland`lrfe -rdsdatl sd)drls `fjftlnfeads3 ua l`te
-erndatl+d md fj-ertlnfeads ;udml `frd md mdrdnes `ls mdaejfalmls
rljls mfajfnls md `l famustrfl ;udmla mds-retdofmls.
Dstd pretdnnfeafsje l` rdvs%sd -re!uamf*l da
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
23/27
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
24/27
)fstls l neatrlrrdstlr `l tdamdanfl mdsndamdatd md `l tlsl md olalanfl
fj-ertlnfa md l`fjdates lrltes, d8-ertlnfa md nl-ftl`ds, dtn.> `l
d8fstdanfl da audstre -l"s md orlamds tdrrfterfes, md -re-fdmlm
jeae-`fnl, metlmes md l-tftumds fajd+erl`ds -lrl `l -remunnfa
lore-dnulrfl.
D` neasfoufdatd mdslrre``e md ual lnuju`lnfa md` nl-ftl` lsdatlml
nlsf d8n`usf)ljdatd da `l d8-`etlnfa md ual rdatl lorlrfl fatdralnfeal`
lnd ;ud `l hrlnnf!a prepfdtlrfl md `ls tfdrrls pudstls da premunnf!a
enupd ua `uolr ndatrl` l` fatdrfer md `l iuroudsl.Da d!dnte, `l urouds"l
tdrrltdafdatd sd l-re-fl -rf)f`doflml nrdnfdatdjdatd md `l rdatl lorlrfl
etdafml l dsnl`l fatdralnfeal` l+e `l !erjl md rdatl md` sud`e. E mdatre
md `l urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd nerrds-eamdra l `es fa)dralmerds-re-fdtlrfes md tfdrrls ds-dnfl`jdatd l-tls -lrl `l -remunnfa
lore-dnulrfl> `es js l`tes af)d`ds md )l`erf*lnfa md `ls tfdrrls md
-drnd-nfa md rdatl mf!drdanfl`. 7es etres nej-eadatds md `l n`lsd
mejfalatd )fanu`lmes l` nejdrnfe d8tdrfer l `l ds-dnu`lnfa
f-etdnlrfl, serd teme l;ud``es sdojdates neandatrlmes neatre`lmes
-er nl-ftl`ds d8trla+dres -fasdsd, -er d+dj-`e, da `l nejdrnfl`f*lnfa
md orlaes, da `es !rfoer"!fnes, dtn.>, -lrtfnf-la lsfjfsje md` -rendse md
l-re-flnfa md `l rdatl lorlrfl md!fdamda `l -e`"tfnl `frdnljfstl
l-drturfstl.
[dre lnd !l`tl tdadr da nudatl `l neanurrdanfl md ual tdrndrl
neamfnfa -lrl mlr nea `l !erjlnfa md `l n`lsd mejfalatd da `l
Lrodatfal, stl ds `l md` Dstlme ;ud, l` tfdj-e ;ud nease`fml sus
l-lrltes d fastftunfeads, fatdr)fdad erolaf*lame -e`"tfnljdatd l `ls
mf!drdatds !rlnnfeads md `l urouds"l neje ual n`lsd mejfalatd l -dslr
md sus neatrlmfnnfeads. [lrl ``d)lr `ls nesls l ua d8trdje3 sfa dstl
erolaf*lnfa -e`"tfnl `ls !rlnnfeads md `l urouds"l ae ``dolr"la l
neastftufr ual n`lsd mejfalatd. D``e -er;ud `ls mf!drdatds !rlnnfeads md `l
urouds"l ae sd danudatrla md -er s" uaf!fnlmls. & `e ;ud ds `e jfsje3 ae
ds -esf`d -daslr l `l n`lsd mejfalatd, nej-udstl md )lrfls !rlnnfeads,
s`e nea!erjlml da d` rdl dneajfnl.
/`e nulame sd -remund `l uaf!fnlnfa alnfeal`, `l nease`fmlnfa md
ua Dstlme 2 dste ds, ua nea+uate md l-lrltes ds-dnfl`f*lme, ndatrl`f*lme,nea luterfmlm `do"tfjl sedrlal da teme d` tdrrfterfe, nea ua -emdr
ds-dn"!fne rd`ltf)ljdatd sd-lrlme md` -emdr dneajfne md `ls l`fla*ls
9=
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
25/27
`enl`fstls2 sd -remund `l neastftunfa md `es mf!drdatds dstrltes md `l
urouds"l.
Neje l sd l sd5l`lme, dsl uaf!fnlnfa ds fj-udstl -er d`
re;ufsje sustdatlme da `l l`fla*l datrd `ls urouds"ls -re)fanfl`ds
mdsneadntlmls md` nl-ftl` fatdralnfeal`, da d` fanf-fdatd d+rnfte alnfeal`
da nfdrtes sdnterds -e-u`lrds> l `ls urouds"ls nejdrnfl`ds
tdrrltdafdatds olalmdrls ealdrdasds ;ud jeae-e f*lla `l rdatl
-ertlla ua -rednte -e`"tfne dstrfntljdatd nfrnuasnrf-te l Iudaes Lfrds
su -udrte.
7l dodjea"l md `l urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd, da !fa, ae md)fdad
d8n`usf)ljdatd md `l mfajfnl md` -rendse md lnuju`lnfa md` nl-ftl`.
$ljfa sd d8-`fnl -er su -esfnfealjfdate da d` nlj-e dstrltofne md`Dstlme, l ;ud da !uanfa md sus fatdrdsds ds-dn"!fnes `eorl fj-eadr da
jdmfe md ua neatd8te juamfl` ;ud `e -drjftd, d` `e;ude md `l -remunnfa
md fdads jlau!lnturlmes md nl-ftl`.
[remunnfa ;ud -rel`djdatd tdamr"l neje d!dnte ual d`d)lnfa
md `es nestes md `ls lntf)fmlmds lore-dnulrfls 2 da rd`lnfa nea d` -rdnfe
md `es fdads md nl-ftl` fj-ertlmes2 l ;ud sd mdmfnl dstl !rlnnfa d`
rej-fjfdate md `ls dstrdnls rd`lnfeads datl`lmls nea `ls urouds"ls md
`ls !erjlnfeads nl-ftl`fstls ndatrl`ds, sujljdatd fatdrdslmls da ne`enlr
sus -re-fls d8-ertlnfeads. $ljfa ds ua jrfte md` -l-d` mejfalatd
;ud d+drnd `l urouds"l tdrrltdafdatd da d` tdrrdae dstltl` d` dne md
;ud `l -e`"tfnl lorlrfl ae dstfju`d, neje da etres -l"sds, l `es -d;ud5es
jdmflaes -remunterds famd-damfdatds.
[er d` neatrlrfe, `l lnnfa md` Dstlme da dstd nlj-e !l)erdnd `l
)l`erf*lnfa md `ls tfdrrls d fandatf)l l sus -re-fdtlrfes l -eadr`ls da
-remunnfa. Ds js, sf fda `es nljfes da `l dneaej"l nl-ftl`fstl
juamfl` ;ud tfdada `uolr l -lrtfr md `l nrfsfs md` trdfatl nea``d)lra `l
nrfsfs md!faftf)l md `l !erjl md lnuju`lnfa ndatrlml da `l d8-ertlnfa md
`ls -remunnfeads lore-dnulrfls nues s"atejls md mdsnej-esfnfa dsta
fan`use -rdsdatds l` !fal`f*lr `l -rfjdrl oudrrl juamfl`>, `l urouds"l
tdrrltdafdatd jlatdamr su -esfnfa -rfanf-l` da `l rd`lnfa md !udr*ls md
`l l`fla*l md n`lsd mejfalatd murlatd teml `l mnlml md` trdfatl `l
-rfjdrl jftlm md `l mnlml md` nulrdatl.7e lnd lml-tamesd l` aud)e neatd8te md nrfsfs md `ls
d8-ertlnfeads md jltdrfls -rfjls l trl)s md ual dstrltdofl ;ud neasfstd
9%
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
26/27
da lnd-tlr nfdrtls !erjls rdstrfaofmls md famustrfl`f*lnfa, ds mdnfr,
`fjftlmls l nurfr `l mdn`falnfa md `l fj-ertlnfa md fdads md neasuje.
Drl `l Lrodatfal, rdsu`tlatd, md dstls dstrltdofls l`fla*ls, ua
-l"s, ;ud md-esftll sus -redntes da d` d8tdrfer, d8ndsf)ljdatd
nea!flme da sus rdnurses alturl`ds, -dre tljfa tetl`jdatd `fjftlme -er
`l d8-`etlnfa md stes, sfa )enlnfa md famustrfl`f*lnfa. $eme dste
nea!four ua -l"s md-damfdatd md `ls -etdanfls md turae da l+l, da dsd
jejdate, `ls dure-dls, trl l` jfsje tfdj-e `ls -esff fmlmds md
mdslrre``e, ;ud sf -umfdrea l`nla*lr -er d+dj-`e, Lustrl`fl e Nlalm.
7e ;ud lrfe %l-e-ert d8-rdsl da d` !fal` md D` Jemd`e Lore
Dxpertlmer, rdsujd `e ;ud l;u" sd fatdatl d8-rdslr3 " 'l mdn`falnf!a
md` vfdce dsqudjl md mfvfsf!a fatdralnfeal` md` trlilce y md `l
neastd`lnf!a md hudr$ls dnea!jfnls qud `e sestdala, neatrfiuy! l
rdneaendr juy preate `es `jftds md ual dxpdrfdanfl qud per `ls
nlrlntdrstfnls mdsnrfptls, ae pdrjftf! lhfla$lr `udoe ua prendse md
mdslrre` e dnea!jfne vdrmlmdrljdatd sestdafme, neje da etres plsds
qud nejda$lrea su prendse md fasdrnf!a da `l dneaejl juamfl` per `l
jfsjl penl%
9-
7/23/2019 Modelo agroexportador y clase dominante
27/27
IFI7F&6%LHL
7l dneaej"l lrodatfal. 7ls dtl-ls md su mdslrre``e -re`djls
lntul`ds. L`me Hdrrdr. Hudatd3 .dmu!.lr"fi`fetd!l #foftl`
%d).Fastftute .. md %esls aO 99