MITIGATION CASEMITIGATION CASE STUDY:
Protected Areas for Climate, Community and Biodiversityand Biodiversity Makira Forest ProjectMadagascarMadagascar
Linda Krueger
Wildlife Conservation Society
November 21, 2009
Makira Plateau NE Madagascar
• Largest intact eastern rainforest• Exceptional biodiversity• Carbon storage• Watershed protection • 300,000+ inhabitants• Subsistence agriculture
Makira: Economic and Social C diti
8th poorest country in world
Conditions8th poorest country in world
150,000 people in 120 villages
85% dependent on slash and burn agriculture; 50% original burn agriculture; 50% original forest gone
Li it d k t d Limited market access, road infrastructure
Lack of access to health services
Makira’s Biological Riches
Makira Forest Project Objectives
Model for community integrative protected area establishment biodiversity conservation sustainable
a a o es ojec Objec es
establishment, biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource management
Ad ti ti & it t hAdaptive conservation & community outreach activities based on targeted biological and socioeconomic research
Empowerment of communities for improved land management and reduced deforestation based onmanagement and reduced deforestation based on contracted forest management agreements
C ti f t i bl t tCreation of sustainable revenue to support communities and ongoing conservation actions –forest carbon through avoided deforestation
Enabling Legal EnvironmentContract al Forest Management LaContractual Forest Management Law
(2001)• Recognize customary rights and provide
legal basis for local managementlegal basis for local management• Communities must request transfer of
managementmanagement– develop management plans, zone area– Create community management committeey g
• Sign contract
Community ResourceResource
Management SitesSites
Zoning the Makira PA & Establishing Community Management
Community integrated conservationResource management contractsResource management contracts
17 ‘sites’, 30 villages, +13,000 inhabitants, +50,000 ha
+30 sites & 100,000 ha forest under community mgmt by 2011by 2011
Governance
collaborative co-management with local community associations
Makira forests and surrounding areas gdivided into three different use zones:
Zone of Strict Protection: 360,100 ha. No harvest, no removals.
Multiple-Use Zones: 40,900 ha include Zones of Controlled Use Zones of Controlled Occupation
Zone De Transfert DeZone De Transfert De Gestion: community management buffer zone. Mixed forest and agricultural lands. Commercial resource exploitation allowed
Operational phase: mechanisms and standards Project DevelopmentZones, baselines, monitoring
Launch of field work for VCS certification
•BioCF Mosaic Deforestation Methodology
•Reference area, project area, leakage belt
•Train field teams on forest carbon data SOP4 forest strata (40 plots) - preliminary2 forest strata (132 plots) - final
•Model historic and future deforestationLand-change modeller (LCM)model calibration 1990-2000model validation 2000-20058 variables: slope, DEM, roads, trails, clearings
evidence-likelihood, human(2x) potential for transitionpredicted deforestation over 30 yrs
•Begin drafting Makira PDD (VCS and CCBA)
Project ERs vs. “business as usual”
350000• 350,000 ha overall with average 273 tC/ha
345000
350000• ‘without project’ annual deforestation rate of
0.2% at 30 yrs = 18,283 ha lost
• ‘with project’ deforestation rate reduced to 0 07% within 10 yrs and maintained = 8 797
335000
340000 With project hectares remaining
Marketable emissions d ti 9 5 illi t
0.07% within 10 yrs and maintained = 8,797 ha lost
325000
330000Without project hectares remaining reductions = 9.5 million tonnes
320000
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
2019
2022
2025
2028
2031
2034
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Year
InternationalInternational Buyers
Trust Fund
1. Community2 M t WCS2. Management3. Monitoring
Makira ForestCarbon Credits
Makira Forest Project
(GOM & WCS)GovernmentWCS-Govt.
ManagementAgreementAgreement
Validation/Work Plan/Budget
Revenue distribution from ki i i d iMakira emissions reductions
• 50% to local communities50% to local communities• 25% PA management• 15% support to Ministry for carbon finance• 15% support to Ministry for carbon finance
unit• 2 5% monitoring and verification• 2.5% monitoring and verification• 5% marketing
2 5% l l f d ti (f d t)• 2.5% local foundation (fund management)
Makira: global climate & biodiversity benefits
• Sequestration of an 9.2 million tons of CO2 equivalent as a contribution to Madagascar’s GHG emission reductionsGHG emission reductions
• Maintain connectivity among protected areas of northeastern Madagascarg
• Improved management to ensure survival of globally threatened species (including 20 spp. l t l d 100 bi dlemur, serpent eagle and 100+ bird spp, fossa).
Makira – Community Makira Community Benefits
• Ensure integrity of ecosystem services (esp. watershed protection, fisheries) vital to local and regional economies.g
• Improved agricultural practices
• Capacity building for• Capacity building for sustainable natural resource managementE t i• Ecotourism revenue
Conservation through successful community engagement : lessons learned g g
• Forest protection activities for Makira have been successful: annual deforestation rates decreased from 0 19 to 0 11annual deforestation rates decreased from 0.19 to 0.11
• Communities are empowered through resource rights and governance structures: address issues of tenure equity togovernance structures: address issues of tenure, equity to reduce risks of impermanence
• Incentives to communities lead to improved management of• Incentives to communities lead to improved management of resources that benefit others : addressing leakage and reducing impermanence
• Site level approaches can inform national level strategy : forest carbon revenue distribution structure, VCS, CCB
• Importance of benefits for local communities• Importance of benefits for local communities• Importance of landscape approach & insuring connectivity