Old Immigrants TIME PERIOD: 1820-1880 CAME FROM: NORTHERN &
WESTERN EUROPE IRISH CAME DUE TO: POTATO FAMINE SETTLED ON: GREAT
PLAINS IRISH FACED JOB DISCRIMINATION
Slide 3
Graph of Old Immigrants
Slide 4
New Immigrants TIME PERIOD: 1880-1920 CAME FROM: SOUTHERN AND
EASTERN EUROPE CAME FOR: FREEDOM and JOBS SETTLED IN: CITIES FACED
DISCRIMINATION WITH THE: QUOTA SYSTEM
Slide 5
Map of New Immigrants- 1891-1900
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Map of New Immigrants- 1901-1910
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Document 3- Photo What is the message of this cartoon? Hint:
look at the shadows for a clue The rich leaders are trying to keep
out the new immigrants but It is not fair for people to stop
immigrants from coming to the US since their family members were
once immigrants
Slide 8
PROPAGANDA-PULL FACTORS Who might have used propaganda to
encourage people living in Europe to come to the U.S? Why?
Government settle the West, FREE LAND! Factory owners jobs, needed
to fill them Family lonely, wanted them to join them Getting
rich
Slide 9
Some of the things told to the immigrants: Land is free and
easy to get jobs for everyone lots of freedom and opportunity
streets are paved with gold Everyone can get rich
Slide 10
Look at the Worksheet you picked up today
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Slide 12
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Document 4: Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses
yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming
shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost, to me, I lift my
lamp beside the golden door! --Emma Lazarus (found in the base of
the statue of liberty) wretched-horrible, refuse-not wanted,
teeming-swarming, tempest-tost- stormy Emma Lazarus Poem
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4wYFs5F76E Girl
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4wYFs5F76E
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-l8TZKnhuA Boy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-l8TZKnhuA Who was Emma Lazarus?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzSYRxBdapw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzSYRxBdapw
Slide 14
Some Questions: 1) According to this poem, who is being invited
to the golden door? EVERYONE, all people are welcome 2) What is the
golden door? United States 3) What is the message of this poem? ALL
IMMIGRANTS ARE WELCOME TO THE US
Slide 15
Do we still believe in Emma Lazaruss poem???? Is this idea
still true today???
Slide 16
The Story of US: Cities Episode #7
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
3bAwDjwV3c&playnext=1&list=PL0A6E55E051E11852&feature=re
sults_main http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
3bAwDjwV3c&playnext=1&list=PL0A6E55E051E11852&feature=re
sults_main First 12 minutes are about the Statue of Liberty Next
segment about the Steel Industry The growth of the cities
skyscrapers Creation of the elevator Gangs in the cities, rise of
crime, (29:00) Tenement Housing, struggles, Slum life, sanitation
Thomas Alva Edison and his invention Urban Factories, Triangle
Shirt Waist Factory Tragedy
Slide 17
Document 5: Stories and Photographs by LYDIA LUM, copyright
1998LYDIA LUM, At age 16, Lester Tom Lee immigrated in 1935 by
himself to the United States. He was detained at least 2 months at
Angel Island. He joined his father in San Francisco and eventually
moved to Houston, where he worked as a grocer, a wholesale meat
vendor and in real estate. Now 79, Lee is retired. Let take a look
at the story
Slide 18
Mr. Lees story "We ate vegetables twice a day and some very
rough rice, very hard to swallow. I was a growing boy and hungry."
"There were birds outside the wire fence. My hands were small
enough I could grab their necks and kill them. We used rice to
attract the birds to us. We cleaned the birds in a toilet. Another
boy had gotten some matches, somehow. Someone else had a knife. We
gathered branches and we got newspaper and rolled it like wood to
make a fire. We barbecued birds that way, when the guards weren't
around. It was the only tasty thing we could get." "The main reason
I was detained so long was that my father and I gave the inspectors
different dates about when I departed China. The Chinese lunar
calendar is about a month off from the American calendar! Ay! So my
father hired a lawyer to get me out. Sometimes I cried because I
missed my family and my friends." "Two men killed themselves, hung
themselves. I went to the bathroom one morning and they were there.
Maybe it was with a bedsheet. I screamed. I ran back to the
barrack. They were probably about to be deported. I think one was
about 30 years old, the other one 40." "Sometimes I wondered why we
all came over here for that kind of treatment. Sometimes I just
wanted to go home because they treated us like criminals. We were
only immigrants." --- Lester Tom Lee Based on what Mr. Lee shares,
what must life have been like for him on Angel Island? Compare and
contrast the experiences people had at Ellis Island and Angel
Island.
Slide 19
Document 6:
Slide 20
Document 6 Questions: According to the chart, what are two
reasons Americans hated immigrants? WORKED FOR LOWER WAGES AND
LONGER HOURS, WORKED AS STRIKEBREAKERS, SEGREGATED THEMSELVES IN
GHETTOS What did Americans hate about immigrants in the jobs
category? WORKED AS STRIKEBREAKERS, THEY WORKED FOR CHEAP LABOR 3)
What were the results of this hatred? LAWS RESTRICTING IMMIGRATION
4) What does Nativism have to do with this? NATIVISTS DIDNT WANT
ANY NEW IMMIGRANTS SO THEY CONVINCED THE GOVERNMENT TO PASS ANTI-
IMMIGRATION LAWS How did immigration help industrialization? MORE
WORKERS FOR THE FACTORIES
Slide 21
Document 7: To many late nineteenth century Americans, he [Boss
Tweed] personified [represented] public corruption. In the late
1860s, William M. Tweed was the New York City's political boss. His
headquarters, located on East 14th Street, was known as Tammany
Hall. He wore a diamond, orchestrated [organized] elections,
controlled the city's mayor, and rewarded political supporters. His
primary source of funds came from the bribes and kickbacks that he
demanded in exchange of city contracts. The most notorious example
of urban corruption was the construction of the New York County
Courthouse, begun in 1861 on the site of a former almshouse.
Officially, the city wound up spending nearly $13 million - roughly
$178 million in today's dollars - on a building that should have
cost several times less. Its construction cost nearly twice as much
as the purchase of Alaska in 1867. The corruption was breathtaking
in its breadth and baldness. A carpenter was paid $360,751 ($4.9
million) for one month's labor in a building with very little
woodwork. A furniture contractor received $179,729 ($2.5 million)
for three tables and 40 chairs. And the plasterer, A tammy
functionary, Andrew J. Garvey, got $133,187 ($1.82 million) for two
days' work; his business acumen earned him the sobriquet "The
Prince of Plasterers." Tweed personally profited from a financial
interest in a Massachusetts quarry that provided the courthouse's
marble. When a committee investigated why it took so long to build
the courthouse, it spent $7,718 (roughly $105,000 today) to print
its report. The printing company was owned by Tweed.
Slide 22
Document 7 questions: 1) Who is Boss Tweed? NYCs POLITICAL
MACHINE BOSS 2) What are some examples of corruption? PEOPLE WERE
PAID WAY TOO MUCH MONEY FOR THE WORK BEING DONE. EX: 2.5 MILLION
DOLLARS FOR MAKING 3 TABLES AND 40 CHAIRS!! Read p. 609 and explain
the Civil Service Reform Act and why was it necessary? PEOPLE TOOK
EXAMS FOR THESE JOBS TO MAKE SURE THEY WERE QUALIFIED AND NOT GIVEN
TO LOYAL SUPPORTERS OR FRIENDS
Slide 23
Document 8: While most remember Tammany Hall as a bastion
[supporter] of corruption, it is essential to understand that
"Boss" Tweed and the Tammany machine were fundamental in giving
immigrants a voice in New York politics. The members of Tammany
Hall recognized the critical importance of constituent support and
expanded their political base by helping immigrants find work,
heat, and food, in addition to gaining quick citizenship. As a
pro-building machine, Tammany Hall would speed up the process of
immigrant naturalization in order to gain voter support for public
structures like the Brooklyn Bridge. Later, jobs would be
distributed to the very immigrants who had supported the Tammany
politicians. Now put yourself in their shoes. Imagine you are a
poor immigrant in the U.S. You arrive in New York. You have little
money and are repeatedly denied employment because of your
ethnicity. Then one day you meet a group of people who promise you
citizenship and steady employment. All they ask in return is a vote
on their behalf. What would you do? For many new Irish, German, and
Jewish immigrants, Tammany Hall was a source of hope and a means to
survival. Next to Tammany Hall, no other political group at the
time was more willing to serve immigrants, help them find jobs, or
provide them with a form of welfare. Tammany Hall's progressive
politics also helped the city to build sewers, Central Park, pubs,
and the Museum of Natural History. Most of the political victories
attributed to Tammany Hall were achieved through consistent
attention to voter needs. New residents to the US, then, became
devoted to Tammany Hall and were willing to turn a blind eye to the
fraudulent practices that characterized the party.
Slide 24
Document 8 questions: 1) How did Tammany Hall help immigrants?
HELPED THEM FIND WORK, HEAT, FOOD, AND HELPED THEM TO BECOME US
CITIZENS 2) What else did the city do to help people? BUILT SEWERS,
CENTRAL PARK, PUBS, AND THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.
Slide 25
Last page of Homework packet Using what you see on this graph
and know from this unit, explain why immigration spiked in 1901 and
then rapidly declined over the next 20 years?
Slide 26
Need a textbook Using the graph Go to page 603 and take a look
at the graph titled shifting patterns of immigration. Answer the 3
questions that are in the BOOK for the graph below #1answer is B
#2: (answer in complete sentences) The region that has the GREATEST
increase is Eastern and Southern Europe #3: (answer in complete
sentences)
Slide 27
Immigration Poster Follow directions and create a poster
advertising immigration in America DUE: Thursday, October 10 th
Also: Review sheet is due Thursday: completed! Homework
Assignment
Slide 28
Immigration: Sketch to Stretch story Between 1866 and 1915,
more than 25 million immigrants came to the United States. Most
were from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia (China). Both Push
and Pull factors led people to immigrate to the Americas. Push
factors are things that push or force you to leave your country to
go to another. Push factors include a lack of land at home,
political or religious persecution, poverty & hardship, or
revolutions in the home country. Pull factors are things that pull
you or make you want to leave to go to another country (not
forced). Pull factors include the promise of freedom or a better
life somewhere else, the availability of jobs, the chance to gain
wealth or land, or the chance to join family members who have
already settled in America.
Slide 29
More Immigrants often found that adjusting to life in the US
was hard. The new immigrants had to find jobs and places to live.
Most immigrants stayed in the cities where they had landed. They
often lived in poor, crowded neighborhoods with other people of
their own ethnic group. In these neighborhoods they could speak
their own language and celebrate their special holidays together.
Fitting into American culture was difficult for immigrants. They
spoke a variety of languages that were new to America. The Old
immigrants were from Western Europe and their culture was familiar
to Americans. They were not seen as a threat. The New immigrants
though were from Eastern Europe and Asia (China). They had a very
different culture and language and the Americans did not understand
them. They were often heavily discriminated against.
Slide 30
More Some Americans felt overwhelmed by the huge number of new
immigrants. Some believed these new immigrants would never fit in,
or assimilate. To assimilate means to adapt to a new culture (fit
in). Many others were concerned that the Immigrants would take
their jobs. In response, Congress passed laws to limit immigration.
One law, the Chinese Exclusion Act, nearly stopped all immigration
from China. Immigrants entered the US through one of two processing
centers. On the east coast, most immigrants passed through Ellis
Island in NYC. They passed the Statue of Liberty on their way
through NY harbor on the way to the processing center. On the west
coast, most immigrants went through Angel Island in San Francisco.
At these centers, immigrants were checked for disease, lice,
background, and sometimes literacy levels. If something was found
undesirable, an immigrant could be sent back to their home country
immediately.
Slide 31
More During the late 1800s and early 1900s the US population
exploded due to immigration. Jobs in the cities drew the immigrants
there. As industries grew, the factories needed more workers and
the immigrants were there to fill the need. In addition, many
African Americans moved to the north for work too after escaping
slavery. The face of most cities changed during this time. Many of
the people who lived in the centers of cities were poor. They faced
unhealthy and even dangerous living conditions. Most lived in
buildings called tenements. Tenements were large housing units that
were unclean and often multiple families had to share one
apartment. There was a shared bathroom on each floor and disease
was rampant. The wealthy usually lived in mansions on the outskirts
of the city. As the cities and their problems grew, reformers
worked to improve conditions for the poor. They convinced city
governments to make sure buildings were constructed safely. Cities
hired workers to clean the streets. New laws began to keep
factories out of neighborhoods where people lived. Some reformers
such as Jane Addams worked directly with the poor. Addams worked to
set up clean and fair housing for immigrant families and help them
get an education.
Slide 32
Homework Packet: Get a red pen and lets review some of the
questions:
Slide 33
http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist420/Hist420Immigr
ation.html http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist420/Hist420Immigr
ation.html Website all about Immigration
Slide 34
Angel Island Resources: The Story behind the poems: Angel
Island http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_EQY-0ThOM View of Angel
Island today: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMdc6Q6nE9s Re-opening
of Angel Island:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cW6f96SgknY&feature=related
Chinese discrimination and Nativism:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw3i1X8_qUY&feature=related A
photo view of both Ellis and Angle Island
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qL1iiEQ_Jfw