“BER Analysis and Performance of MIMO-OFDM
System using BPSK Modulation Scheme
For Next Generation Communication Systems”
Presented by: Mr. NIMAY CHANDRA GIRI
Dept. of ECE
CONTENTS
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
MIMO TRANSMITTER & RECIEVER WITH RESULTS
BPSK SYSTEM
OFDM TECHNIQUE WITH RESULTS
MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM
SINGLE-CARRIER VS. MULTI-CARRIERS
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
PUBLICATION
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OBJECTIVE
• MIMO System: high data rates & increased capacity of the system
• OFDM Technique: reduced Multi path fading, ICI and ISI &
provide Multi-carrier Orthogonal Signals.
• BPSK Modulation: Long distance transmission & used in each
block of IDFT/IFFT of MIMO-OFDM model for mapping data
streams.
• In this thesis Work, I compare the BER vs. SNR of MIMO-OFDM
System using BPSK modulation, and performance of MIMO-
OFDM system for 4G networks.
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INTRODUCTION MIMO-OFDM is a hot topic in today modern wireless communication since all
wireless technologies like PAN, LAN, W-LAN, MAN, W-MAN & WAN.
In the 1980s, MIMO-OFDM has been studied for high-speed transmission.
MIMO System have multiple inputs and multiple outputs antennas.
• Multiplexing Gain => Spectral efficiency increases
• Diversity Gain => Combats Fading
• Interference Reduction Gain => Capacity increases
o OFDM = Orthogonal FDM ( It was invented during World War-II, 1939-194580Hz of frequency used)
o OFDM is a combination of Modulation & Multiplexing techniques.
• OFDM is a multicarrier block transmission system.
• Block of ‘N’ symbols are grouped and sent parallely.
• No interference among the data symbols sent in a block.
MIMO System and OFDM Modulation Technique
• Air-interface (ICI & ISI) solutions
• More Flexibility, Capacity & Efficiency
• More numbers of carriers
• Increase data rates and SNR with reducing BER.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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Title of Papers Author’s name Year Work done
Performance analysis of
various equalizer for ISI
reduction in MIMO-
OFDM system.
Yashvant Dhiwar, Rakesh
Mandal
2014 ISI reduction using
Equalization technique
(ZF, MMSE)
Analysis Of Reduction In
Complexity Of MIMO-
OFDM System.
Sabitha Gauni, Kumar
Ramamoorthy
2014 CFO estimation and
correction by the help of
ML estimator.
Design of MIMO OFDM
SDM Systems for High
Speed Data
Transmission
Betsy Jose, Mr. B. Satish
Kumar
2014 BER reduction and high
data rates by using 2*2
MIMO-OFDM system,
MATLAB
BER analysis of various
channel equalization in
OFDM based MIMO
CDMA system
Husnul Ajra,
Md. Zahid Hasan,
Md. Shohidul Islam
2014 using QO-STBC method
for channel equalization &
BER reduction
Bit Error Rate
Performance of BPSK
Modulation and OFDM-
BPSK with Rayleigh
Multipath Channel
M. Divya
2013 BER performance is
analyzed using BPSK &
OFDM-BPSK modulation
technique
MIMO ANTENNAS CONFIGURATION
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Here MT transmit and MR receive antennas with input data stream is S and output
data stream is Y.
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MIMO SYSTEM MODEL
y = Hs + ŋ
User data
stream ‘y’.
.
User data
stream ‘s’.
.
.
.Channel
Matrix H
s1
s2
sMT
s
y1
y2
yMR
yTransmitted
vectorReceived
vector
.
.
h11
h21
Where hij is a Complex Gaussian random
variable that models fading gain
between the ith transmit and jth
receive antenna
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j
SHANNON’S CHANNEL CAPACITY (C)
Given a unit of BW (Hz), the max error-free transmission rate is
C =B log2(1+SNR) bits/s/Hz
For MIMO the capacity is given by the following equation:
Where M(or N) is the minimum number of transmitting antennas (NT) or
number of receiving antennas (NR), M= min(NT , NR ).
High Data rate Achieve
“Channel Capacity (C)”
Quality Minimize Probability of Error (Pe)
Increase efficiency
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C =M*B log2(1+SNR) bits/s/Hz
&
SNR= 10log10(Eb/N0)
MIMO CAPACITY
With increase number of antennas the capacity of the system also increases.
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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
5
10
15
20
25
SNR(dB)
Cap
acity
(bi
t/s/
Hz)
MIMO Capacity
Shannon Capacity
MIMO, NT=NR=1
MIMO, NT=NR=2
MIMO, NT=NR=3
MIMO, NT=NR=4
Cn=n*C1
BER PERFORMANCE OF A MIMO SYSTEM
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BER ANALYSIS OF BPSK MODULATOR
Error Rate
Calculation
Tx
Rx
Error Rate
Calculation
0
0Display
Bernoulli
Binary
Bernoulli Binary
Generator
BPSK
BPSK
Modulator
Baseband
BPSK
BPSK
Demodulator
Baseband
AWGN
AWGN
Channel
To generate random binary number(0 or 1) Bernoulli Binary Generator is used
in Simulink Model.
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RESULT ANALYSIS OF BPSK USING MATLAB
SIMULINK
SL. NO. NAME OF PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
1. Channel Type AWGN
2. Probability Error 0.5
3. Initial seed 61
4. Sample time 1
5. Phase offset 0
6. Signal to Noise Ratio 4.2 dB
7. Input Signal Power 1
8. Symbol Period 1
9. Target no. of Error 100
10. Maximum no. Symbols 1e6
11 Modulation BPSK
12 Error 0.076
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SINGLE CARRIER VS. MULTICARRIERS TRASMISSION
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Multi-carrier ModulationMulti-carrier De-Modulation
Multi-carrier modulations that use orthogonal waveform for modulating
the sub-carriers are called
orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) schemes.
ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (OFDM)
Since all the data on each of these
subcarriers are transmitted
simultaneously, =>'Multiplexing'.
This spacing provides the “orthogonality”.
Most popular solution for OFDM are
Multi path, ICI & ISI by transmitting the
Data parallel with longer period, Guard
interval & Cyclic prefix.
Alternate solution: Multi-carrierModulation (MCM) where channel isbroken up into sub bands or subcarriersuch that the fading over each sub channelbecomes flat thus eliminating the problemof ISI.
Multi carrier modulation=> FDMA & OFDM
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OFDM is a technology that we split a wide frequency band into many small
frequencies and carry data onto each of these sub carriers. This is the meaning
of 'Frequency Division'.
HOW OFDM WORKS
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OFDM MATHEMATICS
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MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM MODEL
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OFDM IN CELLULAR SYSTEM
OFDM extends directly to MIMO channels with the IFFT/FFT and CP
operations being performed at each of the transmit and receive antennas.
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MODULATION AND MAPPING
BPSK-Modulation 16-QAM
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SERIES AND PARALLEL CONCEPTIn OFDM system design, the series and parallel converter to realize the
concept of parallel data transmission.
It solves the Multipath Fading in the channel
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PILOT INSERTIONS/SUBCARRIERS
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It is a single frequency, transmitted over communication system for
supervisory, control, synchronization the signal and help to carry the signal
towards IFFT/IDFT in faster. It is inserted in Subcarrier of OFDM signals.
INTERFERENCES
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ICI means that the orthogonality
between different subchannels
or Sub-carriers in the OFDM
signal is destroyed/ lossed.
ISI causes the loss of
Orthogonality.
It is avoided by using Cuclic
Extension in the OFDM signals.
ICI Caused by Delay spread >
guard interval or CP
Solution; CP> Path delay spread
ISI is induced in a signal when itpasses through a frequency-selective Channel .
It is avoided by using Guardinterval (Tg)
By assuming the same data rate:
• For Single-carrier
Bs > Bc => interference, ISI
(Frequency selective fading)
• Multicarrier
Bs < Bc => No interference (Flat fading)
Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)
CP, Convert a linear convolution channel into a circular
convolution channel. CP overcome the Orthogonality losses of signal
REDUCTION OF ICI AND ISI IN OFDM SYSTEM
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23CP is the copy of the last portion of Data symbol, used to eliminate ICI &
ISI avoid by guard interval (Tg)/CP OFDM symbols (Tg> Delay spread).
Signal in time domain
IFFT & FFT OPERATION
Time domain signals are represent in frequency domain (Spectrum) for
transmition of signal in to air. It can be generated by Fourier transform.
IFFT at the transmitter & FFT at the receiver side. These has faster
computation as compare to IDFT & DFT.
IFFT converts a signal from frequency to time domain where as FFT do
reverse.
IFFT & FFT operation ensures that sub-carriers are don't interfere with each
other.
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ORTHOGONALITY
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OFDM system signals are overlap and orthogonal to one another. As a result,
OFDM systems are able to maximize spectral efficiency and high data rate
without causing adjacent channel interference. Orthogonality of carriers is lost
when multipath channels are involved.
BER ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF OFDM TECHNIQUE
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
BLUE LINE -after transmission & RED LINE –after demodulation
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Am
pli
tud
e
Error = 0.0340 (OFDM)
OFDM PARAMETERS STANDARDS
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BER VS. SNR OF OFDM SYSTEM WITH BPSK SCHEME.
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Error = 0.0340 (OFDM)
BER OF OFDM SIMULATION RESULT WITH BPSK
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These above value helps for BER Analysis and mapping of bit stream in
OFDM system.
ADVANTAGES
• High data rates in wireless access
• High Quality of service
• More Flexibility, Capacity
• Spectral Efficient
• More numbers of carriers
• Interference reduction
• Maximum utilization of spectrum
• Coexistence with current and future systems
• Link reliability
• Sensitivity
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MIMO-OFDM STANDARDS & APPLICATIONS
IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) Systems
IEEE 802.11a (OFDM) Systems
IEEE 802.11a&g (WLAN) systems
IEEE 802.11a&b (WMAN) systems
IEEE 802.16a (WiMAX) systems
Wireless network
Use more frequency spectrum
Next generation network (4G)
Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, W-MAN
Digital-TV
Power-line control
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting)
DMT (Discrete MultiTone systems)
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CONCLUSION
In this thesis work, the basic concepts of a MIMO-OFDM
system with relevant design and performance parameters in
theoretical & practical are studied. The generalized block
diagram of a basic MIMO-OFDM system which includes a
number of transmitting and receiving antennas at the both
ends to maximize data rates and efficiency of the system has
been explained in brief. Further, the BER is reduced and
performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM systems with BPSK
modulation has been covered in this thesis.
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FUTURE SCOPE
The BER performance of MIMO-OFDM system with various
equalizers can be optimized with different bio-inspired
optimization techniques.
The BER Performance of MIMO-OFDM system can be
analyzed by using Channel Estimation (LMS, RLS and RLMS)
Algorithm.
Performance of MIMO-OFDM system can be applicable in
Video Broadcasting, Radio Processing and Speech Processing
in Wireless communication System.
MIMO-OFDM for 4G network using LTE, Advanced LTE,
Time space coding, MIMO-WiMAX, MIMO-OFDM Li-Fi …
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REFERENCES
[1] Yashvant Dhiwar and Rakesh Mandal, “Performance Analysis of Various Equalizers for ISI reduction in MIMO-OFDM
System,” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-20, March. 2014.
[2] Sabita Gauni and Kumar Ramamoorthy, “Analysis of Reduction in Complexity of MIMO-OFDM Systems with
Frequency Offset Estimation and correction,” Journal of Computer Science (JCS), Vol. 10, No.2, pp.198-209, 2014.
[3] Betsy Jose and Mr. B. Satish Kumar, “Design of MIMO-OFDM SDM Systems for High Speed Data Transmission,”
International Journal of Information & Computation Technology (IJICT), Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-8, 2014.
[4] H. Ajra, Md. Zahid Hasan, and Md. Shohidul Islam, “BER Analysis of Various Channel Equalization Schemes of a QO-
STBC Encoded OFDM based MIMO CDMA System, “International Journal Computer Network and Information
Security (IJCNIS), Vol.3, No.4, pp.30-36, 2014.
[5] Mr. Atul Subgh Kushwah, “Performance Analysis of 2*4 MIMO-MC-CDMA in Rayleigh Fading Channel ZF-decoder,”
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 1-4, Feb. 2014.
[6] Mr. Sivanagaraju and Dr. Siddaiah,”Comprehensive Analysis of BER and SNR in OFDM Systems, “International
Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (IJIRCCE), Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 3059-
3065, Feb. 2014.
[7] N. Achra, G. Mathur, and R.P. Yadav,” Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System for Different Modulation
Schemes under Various Fading Channels, “International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering (IJARCCE), Vol. 2, Issue 5, pp. 2098-2103, May. 2013.
[8] S. Kumar and Deepak Kedia, ”Study and Performance Analysis of a General MIMO-OFDM System for Next
Generation Communication Systems,” International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology
(IJECCT), Vol. 3, Issue 5, pp. 460-463, Sept. 2013.12/13/2014
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REFERENCES [9] M.Divya, “BER performance of BPSK modulation and OFDM-BPSK with Rayleingh multipath channel,” IJEAT, vol. 2,
Issue 4, pp. 623-626, April. 2013.
[10] P. Wadhwa and G. Gupta, “BER Analysis & Comparison of Different Equalization Techniques for MIMO-OFDM
System,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSE), Vol. 3,
Issue 6, pp. 1682-1688, June 2013.
[11] M. Abu Faisal, M. Hossain and Shaikh E. Ulaah, “Perfomance Evaluation of a Antenna MC-CDMA System on Color
Image Transmission under Implementation of Various Signal Detection Techniques,” International Journal of Advanced
Science and Technology (IJAST), Vol. 41, pp. 71-82, April. 2012.
[12] N. Sood, A.K. Sharma, and M. Uddin, “BER Performance of OFDM-BPSK and QPSK Over Generalized Gamma Fading
Channel,” International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 13-16, June 2010.
[13] Amitava Ghosh and Tim Thomas, “LTE-Advanced: Next generation wireless broadband technology,” IEEE Trans.
commun., pp. 10-22, June 2010.
[14] K. Ben Letaief and Ying Jun, “Dynamic multiuser resource allocation and adaptation for wireless systems,” IEEE Trans.
Commun., vol. 57, pp. 38-47, Aug. 2006.
[15] Wei Zhang and Xiang Gen Xia, “Space-time/frequency coding for MIMO-OFDM in Next generation broadband wireless
systems,” IEEE Wireless Commun., pp. 32-43, Aug. 2007.
[16] Helmut Bolcskel and ETH Zurich, ”MIMO-OFDM wireless systems,” IEEE wireless commun. Vol. 64, pp. 31-37, Aug.
2006.
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PUBLICATION
Nimay Ch. Giri, Rupanita Das and SK Mohammed Ali, “BER Analysis And
Performance Of Mimo-ofdm System Using BPSK Modulation Scheme For Next
Generation Communication Systems, ” International Journal of Engineering Sciences
& Research Technology (IJESRT), Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 1622-1629, March 2014.
Nimay Chandra Giri, Shanaz Aman and Debaraj Rana, “BER and Performance of
MIMO System for Wireless Communication, ” Emergent Trends in Computing and
Communication (ETCC), Vol. 4, May 2014.
Nimay Ch. Giri1, Anwesha Sahoo2, J. R. Swain3, P. Kumar4, A. Nayak5, P.
Debogoswami6 “Capacity & Performance Comparison of SISO and
MIMO System for Next Generation Network (NGN),” IJARCET, Vol. 3,
Issue 9, Sept. 2014.
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THANK YOU
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ANY QUERY ?
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