MidMid--Scale Testing and Scale Testing and Simulation of Fuze Terminal Simulation of Fuze Terminal Ballistic EnvironmentsBallistic Environments
Craig Doolittle and Drew Malechuk51st Annual Fuze Conference
Nashville, TN - May 22-24, 2007
Expanding the Realm of Possibility
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OverviewOverviewTest ObjectivesGun Test SetupTarget DesignRange and On-board InstrumentationReverse Ballistics TestingHigh-fidelity Finite Element Modeling ComparisonsHigh Speed Photo Data ReviewOn-board Data ReviewTest Data Comparisons with Pre-test Predictions
SAMPLL Test and Target Design CalculationsConclusions
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Test ObjectivesTest ObjectivesCollect high-quality deceleration time-history data during high-speed multi-layered, multi-material penetration events:
With multiple combinations of concrete layers of 0.2, 0.8, and 1.5 body lengths, thick soil layersmulti-body length voids
With lateral loading and angle of attack conditions (simulated with angle of impact)With angle of impact reversalsData suitable for calibrating high-fidelity computational modelsData suitable for validating SAMPLL (Simplified Analytical Model of Penetration with Lateral Loading) code, used for pretest test and target design
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Gun Test SetupGun Test SetupRange Instrumentation
Image Motion cameras used to determine impact attitude and velocityHigh-speed film and video cameras at various locations Crush gauges and Velocity screens
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Target Design Target Design -- MD 1MD 1--4 (2800 ft/sec)4 (2800 ft/sec)
PlywoodSabot
Stripper
ConcreteTargetBlocks
0.2, 0.8, 1.5 BL
Thick SoilPlywoodStopperBlocks
ConcreteStopperBlocks
NOT TO SCALE
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Target Design Target Design ––MD A & B MD A & B (2350 ft/sec)(2350 ft/sec)
NOT TO SCALE
PlywoodSabot
StripperPlywoodStopperBlocks
ConcreteStopperBlocks
Multi-BLVoids (Air)
Concrete TargetBlocks
0.2, 0.8, 1.5 BL
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Target Design Target Design -- MD C (2350 ft/sec)MD C (2350 ft/sec)
PlywoodSabot
StripperPlywoodStopperBlocks
ConcreteStopperBlocks
NOT TO SCALE
Thick Soil
Angle of Impact ReversalLateral LoadingConcrete Target
Blocks
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Target Design Target Design -- MD D (2350 ft/sec)MD D (2350 ft/sec)
PlywoodSabot
StripperPlywoodStopperBlocks
ConcreteStopperBlocks
NOT TO SCALE
Angle of Impact ReversalLateral LoadingConcrete Target
Blocks
Multi-BLVoids(Air)
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Test Range: Energetic Materials Research and Test Range: Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center (EMRTC), Socorro, NMTesting Center (EMRTC), Socorro, NM
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Barrel Clamps (one of three) Limit WhipBarrel Clamps (one of three) Limit Whip
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OnOn--board Data Packageboard Data Package
IES Model 64 Recorders
Battery Packs
Accelerometer Blocks
Solid Rod
Lock Rings
Lock Rings
Nose Plug
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Accelerometer block with mounted XAccelerometer block with mounted X--axis axis AccelerometerAccelerometer
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Accelerometer block with mounted YAccelerometer block with mounted Y--axis axis (or Z(or Z--axis) Accelerometeraxis) Accelerometer
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Accelerometer block with three XAccelerometer block with three X--axis axis Accelerometers in “L” ConfigurationAccelerometers in “L” Configuration
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Sabot/Pusher Plate/Sabot/Pusher Plate/ObturatorObturator DesignDesignSystem Redesign
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LSLS--DYNA FEM ModelDYNA FEM Model
Sabot
NoseSupport
InstrumentLock Ring (2X)
Battery (2X) AccelerometerHousing (2X)
Penetrator
AccelerometerLock Ring (2X)
Recorder (2X)
Lock Ring
PusherPlate
Obturator
Housing
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Normal Impact Early TimelineNormal Impact Early Timeline
t = 0.00 ms
Penetrator nose contacts plywood.
t = 0.30 ms
Sabot pulls forward as penetrator slows down.
t = 0.48 ms
Sabot impacts plywood.
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Close Up of Sabot Close Up of Sabot –– Pusher Plate/Obturator Pusher Plate/Obturator Gap at 0.90 msGap at 0.90 ms
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Sabot Sabot –– Pusher Plate/Obturator Gap Closed Pusher Plate/Obturator Gap Closed at 1.06 msat 1.06 ms
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Normal impact with velocity contours in the Normal impact with velocity contours in the impact directionimpact direction
t = 0.00 ms
t = 0.30 ms
t = 0.48 ms
t = 0.80 ms
t = 1.06 ms
t = 1.36 ms
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2 degree AOA2 degree AOA
t = 0.00 ms
t = 0.30 ms
t = 0.56 ms
t = 0.80 ms
t = 1.06 ms
t = 1.36 ms
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Filtered Simulation Data Compared to Test Filtered Simulation Data Compared to Test (10 kHz low(10 kHz low--pass)pass)
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Reverse Ballistics Test Setup (615 lbs, 2000 ft/sec)Reverse Ballistics Test Setup (615 lbs, 2000 ft/sec)
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Orthogonal Mirror showing Yaw Orthogonal Mirror showing Yaw MeasurementMeasurement
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Orthogonal Image Motion CompensationOrthogonal Image Motion Compensation
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Orthogonal IMC after PenetrationOrthogonal IMC after Penetration
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MD A Rear Accelerometer Data (Velocity)MD A Rear Accelerometer Data (Velocity)
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MD A Rear Accelerometer Data (Distance)MD A Rear Accelerometer Data (Distance)
0 .0 6 0 .0 65 0 .0 7 0 .0 7 5 0 .08 0 .08 5 0 .0 9 0 .0 9 5 0 .1 0 .10 5 0 .1 10
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0M D A R e a r
Tim e (s ec )
Dis
tanc
e (in
)
Void
Gun E
xit
Void
Void
Plywood
Plywood
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Plywood
Concrete
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0.06 0.065 0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085 0.09 0.095 0.1 0.105 0.11-15000
-10000
-5000
0
5000
X A
ccel
erat
ion
(g)
Time (sec)
MD A Rear, passband = 1000 rp = 0.1 stopband = 2000 rs = 40
0.06 0.065 0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085 0.09 0.095 0.1 0.105 0.11-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
X V
eloc
ity (f
t/sec
)
MD A Rear Accelerometer Data (Overlay)MD A Rear Accelerometer Data (Overlay)
Void
Gun E
xit
Void
Void
Plywood
Plywood
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Plywood
Concrete
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Comparison of MD 1 & 2 Comparison of MD 1 & 2 AccelAccel and and VelVel DataData
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Comparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLLComparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLL
Final Resting Position of 38’ within 8”of SAMPLL Prediction!
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Comparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLLComparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLL
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PatchedPlywood
Comparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLLComparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLL
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Comparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLLComparison of Accelerometer Data to SAMPLL
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MD B Marked And Taped SabotMD B Marked And Taped Sabot
Initial Locationof Sabot Materialin Previous Image
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MD B Marked And Taped Sabot Fragment, MD B Marked And Taped Sabot Fragment, Turned Inside OutTurned Inside Out
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ConclusionsConclusionsSucceeded in collecting high-quality deceleration time-history data during high-speed multi-layered, multi-material penetration eventsTest data used to develop concrete model for LS-DYNAExcellent comparisons between LS-DYNA simulations and test dataExcellent comparisons between SAMPLL pretest predictions and test dataSuccessfully designed, engineered, and executed a complex test series, involving physics regimes at the edge of current understanding with a very high data recovery rate