Meristematic Tissue (where mitosis occurs)
Responsible for growth in plantProduces new cells that will eventually specialize– ↑ height = apical– ↑ diameter= lateral
Surface Tissue
Outer Layer = cuticle (waxy)Protects Plant and Prevents Water Loss
Parenchyma Tissue
Thin-walled CellsMain functions– Photosynthesis– Storage
Sclerenchyme Tissue
Thick-walled CellsProvide Shape & SupportAble to Stand Upright
Vascular Tissue
1. Xylem= transports water plant
2. Phloem= transports food & minerals
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Types of Meristems
Where growth occurs at the tips of roots & stems
1. Apical Meristems:
-Terminal/End-Upward Growth
2. Lateral Meristems
Where growth in diameter occurs located outside stems & roots– Vascular cambium
• Located between X & P• Produces new vascular tissue
– Cork cambium• Located outside P• Replaces outer layer root & stem• Cork= dead cells to provide support & strength
Types of Growth in Plant
Primary Growth: Apical Meristems
Secondary Growth: Lateral Meristems
Importance of Roots
1. Anchors plant in soil2. Absorbs/transports water &
minerals3. Stores excess food & water
**live off during non-PS times**
Types of Roots
1. Primary Roots2. Taproot3. Fibrous Root4. Aerial Root5. Adventitious/Prop Root
Primary Root
1st root which appears out of a seed
Taproot
Primary root grows thicker and longer with secondary roots growing off of itExamples:
Fibrous Roots
Primary root branches off into many smaller rootsExample:
Aerial Roots
Roots Exposed to AirAbsorb MoistureExample:
Spanish Moss
Adventitious/ Prop Roots
Specialized roots which grow directly from the stem above groundExample:
Root Structure
Root CapHard protective layerPrevents breakage as pushes thru soilSecretes slimy lubrication
Root HairsIncrease surface area of root so more water and nutrients can be absorbedMain water entry point
Epidermis
Waterproof outermost layerProtection
Cortex
Many layers of parenchyma cellsStore starch for energyTaproots have much more defined area
Endodermis
Innermost cylinder of cortex-WATERPROOFRegulates movement of water & minerals into vascular tissue
Endodermis
Stele/Vascular Tissue (innermost region of root)Contains xylem (always closer to center) & phloemCross sections:**Monocots : forms a ring, Dicots: forms a cross**
Endodermis
Pericycle
Outermost layer of cells of the steeleGoes through cell division creating root hairs
Endodermis
Pericycle