a tour with real-world examples
Presented By: Group - 1
Information Systems & Information Technology
Agenda
Presentation is supported by real-world examples
1Birds Eye View
2IS | IT
3IS- Components
Vital component of successful businesses
Helps businesses expand and compete
Businesses use IS and IT
To improve efficiency and effectiveness of business processes
For managerial decision making
For workgroup collaboration
Why study Information Systems and Information Technology?
A system
Is a set of interrelated components
With a clearly defined boundary
Working together to achieve a common set of objectives
By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process
What is a system?
Input Process Output
An organized combination of People Hardware Software Communications networks Data resources Policies and procedures
That stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization
What is an Information System?
Objective –
IS – Control, Management, Planning, Informative decisions
IT – input, organizes, processing and storing information.
History –
IS – start of 1940 s when first time POS data and Inventory management were performed
IT – relatively newer concept, started in 1990 ‘s decades.
Scope –
IS – broader perspective, depends on long term goals and planning of organization
IT – limited to process and procedure, depend on technology used as per requirement of organization.
Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)
Components –
IS – organization ( people + structure + working culture) + Technology + Management ( operation +managerial + strategic )
IT – technology (hardware + software + database)
Application –
IS – Way people interact, Business work and Organization run
IT – only technology component, does not consider the environment.
Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)
Information System (IS) versus Information Technology (IT)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)Internal sources -sales, manufacturing, inventory, or financial for an organizations database. External sources - interest rates, population trends, cost of new housing construction / raw material pricing.
Executive Information Systems (ESS) Information in an EIS are presented in charts and tables that show trends, ratios and other managerial statistics and is stored in data warehouses
Real World Examples
Real World Examples
Expert Systems (ES)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) the application of human intelligence to computers. (Speech recognition and creative responses)
Real World Examples
Office Information Systems (OIS) :The registration process of a school.
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Example: Deposits, payments, orders or reservations
Management Information Systems (MIS) generates accurate, timely and organized information so that managers can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities and track progress.
Example : Sales forecasting
Real World Examples
Components of an Information System
People , culture and structure
Traditionally, people resisted technology
Organization needs to create awareness to ensure effective use of
technology.
New technology leads to structural changes in the organization.
Ensuring the right attitudes towards technology.
Organizations also needs to assess the potential political discomfort
Hardware Resources
All physical devices used in information processing Machines, data media, peripherals
Components of an IS
SoftwareAll information processing instructions including programs and procedures System software, application software and procedures, eg Oracle, Windows (OS), Office package
Data ResourcesFacts about the business transactionsProcessed and organized informationDatabases of organized data
Network ResourcesCommunications mediaNetwork infrastructure: hardware and softwareThe Internet, intranets and extranets
Components of an IS
Banking – Bank Of AmericaPeople - Tellers, Helplines , Customer relationship managersSoftware- Windows (OS), banking application, mobile utility, online servicesHardware: ATMS, PCs, Scanners, Currency counterDatabase – Oracle, Access, etcProcedure – Services, Banking, online, ATM
Retail - Wal-MartPeople – Floor Managers, CRMs, CashiersSoftware- Windows (OS), retail applicationsHardware: card readers, RFIDs, bar code readers, theft detectors, Loyalty ManagementDatabase – Oracle, AccessProcedure – Retail services, pos, consumer behavior
TelecomAirtel/VodafonePeople –Sales executive, customer care, Retailers Software- Windows(OS),Mobile application SoftwareHardware: -Servers, Mobile towers , control rooms,PcDatabase – Oracle, AccessProcedure – Billing System, CRM, Calling plans(Du)
Real World Examples
Consumer PrivacyOrganizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.
Employee PrivacyIT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy and creating stress
Freedom of SpeechIT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.
IT ProfessionalismNo mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike other professions.
Social InequalityLess than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.
Ethical & Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side
Group-1
Information SystemsInformation Technology