Making Sense of ISO/IEC 19788
Discussion on Part 1: Framework
ISO/IEC 19788
• Multi-part standard prepared by subcommittee SC36 of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC1, Information Technology for Learning, Education and Training
– Committee created to deal with the overlapping of standardization done by ISO and IEC
– The standard is intended to provide compatibility with DC and LOM and also support multilingual and cultural adaptability requirements from a global perspective
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788
Purpose
• facilitate the identification and specification of the metadata elements required to describe a learning resource by providing metadata elements and their attributes
• support search, discovery, acquisition, evaluation, and use of learning resources by learners, instructors or automated software processes
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788
Concept Maps
Created to help with the comprehension of some terms
Concept Map 1
• The following concept map contains the main aspects of ISO/IEC 19788
• Starting from the upper left, follow the nodes down to the lower right to get a first glimpse of the standard
• In the next concept maps, additional information for each aspect is provided
Entity
ISO/IEC 19788 describes an…
…that when referenced by an identifier is considered a…
Resource
…which in turn can be described using a…
Data Element
…that belongs to a… Resource Class
…that contains all the resources that have properties & behavior
following the same rule or rule set.
…that when used to describe a learning resource is called a…
Learning Resource
…that when used for learning, education and training, is called a…
Metadata Element
…that is defined through a… Data Element Specification
Metadata Record
…that is part of a…
Application Profile
Data Element Group Specifications
…that when combined with others creates an…
Application Profile Record
…that is described by an…
Application Profile Specification
Content Value
Concept Map 2
• An "Entity" can be any concrete or abstract thing that exists. This can be a person, an object, an idea, an event or a process
• Each entity has "Attributes" that characterize it and it also has "Attribute Values“, the value that each attribute takes
• Each Entity that is referenced by a stable identifier (like a URI), is a "Resource"
• A group of resources whose properties and behaviour, follow the same rule or rule set, are referred to as "Resource Class"
• Resources & Resource Class are described with "Data Elements" that have their own Attributes & Attribute Values
Class
Entity
Person, object, idea, event, process
attribute
value
value
value
attribute value
value
Resource Entity referenced by a stable identifier
can be
Resource Class
belongs to
resources that follow
rule
rule set
OR
Learning Resource
domain
Resource used for learning, education or training
Data Element
described by
content value
has
attribute
value
value
value
attribute value
value
type of
content value content value
range
Concept Map 3
• A Data Element, a unit of data that is, is described in a "Data Element Specification"
• When the Data Element conforms to a specific rule or rule set, it is called a "Conformant Data Element“
• An aggregation of Data Elements, is called a "Data Element Group"
• Their description using specific attributes and values, is called a "Data Element Group Specification“
• Each Data Element that describes a Learning Resource (resource used for learning, education and training), is called a "Metadata Element"
attribute
value
value
value
attribute value
value
Data Element
Unit of data attribute
value
value
value
attribute value
value
Data Element Specification
Data Element
Data element group
attribute
value
value
value
attribute value
value
Data Element Group Specification
rule
rule set
OR
Metadata Element
Concept Map 4
• When an Application Profile is used to describe a Learning Resource, following a specific rule set, then an "Application Profile Record" is created. If all the Data Elements used within the Application Profile are conformant, then the result is a "Conforming Application Profile Record".
Application Profile
Learning Resource
applied to
creates
Application Profile Record
Learning Resource
rule
rule set
AND
following
If all data elements are conformant to rules, we have
a conforming AP record
Example of a Data Element Specification
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• Assertions for a learning resource can be made using triples of subject, predicate and object – Subject: Identifier of a learning resource (URI)
– Predicate: Identifier of the data element spec
– Object: Information like a book title or a value from a pre-defined vocabulary
• Resource X is described using data element Y and takes value Z
Parts of ISO/IEC 19788
• Part 1: Framework
• Part 2: Dublin Core elements
• Part 3: Basic application profile
• Part 4: Technical elements
• Part 5: Educational elements
• Part 7: Bindings
• Part 8: Data elements for MLR records
• Part 9: Data elements for persons
• Part 11: Migration from LOM to MLR
Making Sense of ISO/IEC 19788
Discussion on Part 1: Framework
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