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Close-u p and Macr o Ph o t ogr aph y
Ken t Messam ore
9 / 5 / 2 0 1 1
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Close-up and Macro Photography
Reproduction Ratio
Size of Subject related to Size it appears on “Sensor”
Same Size or Life size = 1:1 Ratio or 1X
Five Times = 5:1 Ratio or 5X
Close up Photography is generally 1:10 to 1:1
Macro Photography is generally 1:1 to 10:1 or 10X
Micro Photography is generally 10:1 up
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One Inch 1/4 Inch
= 1:4 Ratio or ¼ X
Camera
Sensor
Camera
Lens
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Close-up and Macro Photography
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Close-up & Macro equipment
Macro Lenses
Tripod, Remote Cable
Macro Focusing Rail
Extension Tubes
Bellows
Teleconverters
Lighting Equipment
Polarizer Filters
Macro Filters
Reflector
Plamp
Right Angle View Finder
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Macro with a point & shoot
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Point & Shoot Macro Icon
Macro Movies
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Designed for Close-up photography
Also useful for general photography
Most are 1:1 Life size
Preferred choice for Close-upphotography
Expensive Canon 100 mm f/2.8 1X ($949)
Canon 60 mm f/2.8 1X ($409)
Canon 65 mm f/2.8 5X ($929)
Canon 180 mm f/3.5 1X ($1,300)
Nikon 60mm f/2.8 1X ($519)
Macro Lenses
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Canon 180 mm f/2.8
Canon 65 mm
f/2.8 1 – 5X
Canon 100 mm f/2.8 1X
Nikon60 mm f/2.8 1X
Canon 60 mm f/2.8 1X
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Tripod - Preventing Camera vibration
Requirements for a tripod to support Macro
Sturdy
Convenient height without center post
Legs flex to get close to ground
No or movable center post Joby GorillaPod – very nice portable &
flexible small tripod
Beanbag
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Joby GorillaPod
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Macro focusing Rail
Adorama Macro Focusing Rail ($180)
Extremely fine focusing adjustments
Movement in four directions
– right, left, forward, backward
Fits on most tripods
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Extension Tubes
Enable lens to focus closer than normal
minimum focusing distance
Getting closer magnifies your subject
Converts almost any lens to a Macro lens
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No optics, but create distance between lens and sensor
The greater the length of extension tube, closer lens can focus
Extension Tubes can be stacked to give even closer focus
Extension Tubes will cause loss of several stops of light
Loss of light will probably cause loss of auto-focus. Focus
Manually
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Bellows
Similar to Extension Tubes, Bellows
increases distance between lens and
sensor.
Achieves a variety of ReproductionRations
Extended Monorail Bellows for
SLRs ($1750)
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Teleconverters
Optical components that fit between lens and
camera
Usually 1.4x or 2x multipliers to lens focal
length Increase lens magnification without altering
minimum focus distance
Cause loss of light: 1.4x – 1 stop; 2x – 2 stops
Very slight loss in image quality Some lenses are incompatible with them
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Canon 1.4x
$300
Canon 2x
$300
Nikon 2x
$300
Nikon 2x
$300
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Lighting Equipment
Canon Ring Light ($495)
Canon Macro Twin Light ($729)
Nikon Macro Twin Light ($489)
Phoenix Flash Macro Ring Flash ($98)
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Nikon
Canon
Canon
Third Party
(Phoenix)
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Polarizer Filter
Increases color saturation and contrast. Works on
blue not gray sky
Change the degree of polarization by rotating the
filter
Zero polarization into or away from sun.
Max effect perpendicular to line to the sun
Effect cannot be reproduced in post-production
Reduces light as much as 1- 2 stops; 2 stops at
full polarization effect.
Two types of Polarizer: Circular and Linear.
Only buy a Circular polarizer as it will have an
effect on both Linear and Circular polarized light.
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Reduces reflections on non-metallic surfaces such as water and glass
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Macro Filter
Extra lens placed in front of lens
Makes close-ups possible with
normal lens
Can be stacked to increaseeffect
Can soften image considerably
reducing quality
Not recommended. Use Extension Tubes instead
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Reflector
12 Inch Silver & Gold Reflector ($10)
You might try making your own
reflector by taping a piece of
aluminum foil to a piece of cardboard.
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Plamp
Wimberley Plamp ($37)
Clamps to Tripod
Great for Macro shots
Holds subject
Holds obstructing background
objects out of way
Steady windblown objects
Holds reflector, diffuser, flags
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Right angle Finder
Canon Right Angle Finder ($180)
Nikon Right Angle Finder ($220)
Opteka Professional 1X-2.5X Right
Angle Viewfinder for Canon,Nikon ($50)
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Canon Nikon Third Party (Opteka)
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Depth of Field
Point size object becomes a circle.
The circle size is a characteristic of the Lens and Focal Length.
What is acceptably sharp is acharacteristic of the human eye
Perfect lens would focus a point size objectat a point on the sensor
No lenses are perfect and Human eye canonly resolve a point size object down to asmall circle
Thus the point size object becomes a verysmall circle
As you scale the point size object to anentire photograph, some portions of thephotograph are sharply in focus and someare blurred
This is a very complex subject: Depth of Field is determined by:
f/stop or Aperture
Focal Length
Distance to the Subject
Lens sharpness
Sensor size
Print Size
Print viewing distance
Human eye characteristics
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Object
Focal Length
S
e n s o r
LensDepth of Field
O
What is “Sharp” in a photograph?
For more depth on the subject try this link:http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/depth-of-field.htm
Your eye perceives
sharpness within this
distance
blurredblurred
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Depth of Field
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Focus Point
Focus Point
Shallow DOF
Large DOF
1/3 2/3Distance: The greater the distance from the subject, the
greater the DOF. If you want more DOF, Step back . If
you want less DOF move close up
Control over DEF:
Three (3) things you can do to
control DOF:
Lens Focal Length:
Increasing focal
length reduces DOF.
Decreasing focal
Length increases
DOF. Telephotostypically have small
DOFs; Wide Angle
lenses have large
DOF.
Watch out for Zoom
Lenses as the DOF
changes as you
Zoom in and out.
f/stop: Decreasing aperture (increasing
f/stop) gives you greater DOF;
Increasing aperture reduces DOF. LessDOF – Open your lens; More DOF –
Stop it down.
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Depth of Field
Hyperfocal distance is the closest distance at which a lens can be
focused while keeping objects at infinity acceptably sharp.
Focus 1/3 of way into scene for maximum Depth of Field
For practical Macro application
Focus on infinity
Look at Depth of Field Preview
Identify closest spot in scene which still remains sharp
Refocus on that spot Take the shot and you will have maximum DOF
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Focus Point
Max DOF
1/3 2/3
Hyperfocal
Distance
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Depth of Field
In Macro Photography we are pushingone of the key factors influencingDepth of Field.
The close r you r a re t o you r sub j ectt h e n ar r o w er y o u r DOF
50 mm lens at f/4 focused at 1 foot -
DOF = 1/16 inch 50 mm lens at f/11 focused at 1 foot -
DOF = 1/2 inch
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For Maximum DOF keep sensor plane
parallel to subject to maximize DOF
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Plane o f Sensor
Sensor equ id i s tan tf rom sub j ect
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Dragon Flies
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http://bugguide.net/node/view/15740 http://www.macro-photo.org/
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Butterflies
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Westford Butterfly Place - https://butterflyplace-ma.com/ Butterfly Conservatory Deerfield, MA https://wwwmagicwings.net
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Look for the proboscis
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Bees
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See if you can catch one flying
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Arachnids
Spiders & Spider Webs are great Macro Subjects
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Misc Bugs
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Really big Bugs
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Art Vaughn
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Caterpillers
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Reptiles
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Blue Tongued Skank
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Frogs
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Flesh Eating Plants
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Flower Buds
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Beautiful Flowers
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Shooting Flowers
Flowers usually have long stems whichare susceptible to small breezes
Use fast shutter speed
Use stick to stabilize stem (out of picture)
If you open the aperture to get more
light you will get narrow depth of field If you use high ISO you will get noise
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Beautiful Flowers
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Focusing in Closer
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Focusing in Closer
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Mushrooms
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Misc
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Pepper Corns
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Food – Hmmm!! Chocolate!!
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