MACHINE TOOL
Prof. kiran gore
Contents
Lathe machine Drilling machine Grinding machine
Lathe machine
The main function of lathe machine is to remove unwanted material from the work peace in the form of chips to give desired shape & size.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF LATHE MACHINE
The lathe machine consist of following principle parts:-
1. Bed 2. Head stock3. Tail stock 4. Carriage 5. Lead screw6. Feed mechanism
1. Lathe Bed
1. Lathe Bed
Lathe Bed
Heavy, rugged casting Made to support working parts of
lathe On top section are machined ways
– Guide and align major parts of lathe
2. Head stock
2. Head stock
Chuck
Chucks
A chuck is one of the most important
device for holding & rotating a work
piece in a lathe.
The various types of chuck as follows
1. Three jaw chuck
2. Four jaw chuck
3. Drill or collect chuck
4. Magnetic chuck
1) Three jaw chuck
2) Four jaw chuck
3) Drill or collect chuck
4) Magnetic chuck
Clamped on left-hand end of bed Headstock spindle
– Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearings
_Provides drive through gears to work-holding devices
– Live center, faceplate, or chuck fitted to spindle nose to hold and drive work
Driven by stepped pulley or transmission gears
Feed reverse lever – Reverses rotation of feed rod and lead
screw
2. Head stock
3. Tail stock
3. Tail stock
Tail stock Located at right hand end of the lathe bed.
It can be moved along the guide ways on the lathe bed & can be clamped in any position on the lathe bed.
Function To hold the dead centre which can support the
long work pieces during machining &
To hold the tools like drill, reamer & boring for carrying out operations like drilling, reaming & boring.
4. Carriage
Located between the headstock & tailstock of the lathe bed.
It slides along the guide ways on the lathe bed.
Function To hold the cutting tool,
To give longitudinal &/ or cross feed to the cutting tool.
4. Carriage
Parts of carriage
The carriage has five parts
1. Saddle
2. Cross slide
3. Compound rest
4. Tool post
5. Apron
5. Lead screw
It is along threaded shaft driven by the feed drive.
Function It is used for giving mechanized
motion to the carriage for cutting threads on the work piece.
The rotary motion of the lead screw is converted into linear motion of the split nut & the carriage.
5. Lead screw
6. Feed drive
Feed drive is the unit used for transmitting the power & motion from the main drive to the lead screw with required reduction ratio.
6. Feed drive
Lathe Size
Lathe Size
Work piece LengthSwing
Overall length of bed
SPECIFICATION OF LATHE
Operations on Lathe
TurningTapper turning FacingChamferingGrooving
PartingKnurlingDrillingBoring Reaming Threading
Turning
Turning is the process of removing material from the cylindrical surface of the work peace to reduced its diameter.
The tool used for this operation is called as turning tool.
Turning
1) Straight Turning
2) Step turning
1) Straight Turning
Straight turning are used to reduced the diameter of the work piece.
The tool motion is longitudinal
2) Step turning
When the work peace of different diameter turned the surface from one diameter of work peace is called as step turning.
The tool used for this operation is called as turning tool.
Facing
The facing operation used for reducing
the length of the of a work piece. Tool – facing tool Feed – cross feed
Chamfering
Chamfering is the process of removing the sharp edges of the work peace.
chamfering is provided to 1. For avoiding the injuries to the persons handling
to the finished product.2. For aesthetic look to the finished product.
Grooving
Grooving is the process of producing / providing a
narrow groove on the cylindrical surface of the
Work peace .
Tool – grooving tool Feed – cross feed
Parting
Parting is the process of cutting the work
peace in to two parts. Tool – parting tool Feed – cross feed
Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shaped regular pattern on the surface of work piece
Knurling operation performed for producing
proper grip as compared to smooth surface
Tool – knurling tool
Feed – longitudinal feed
Knurling
Drilling
Drilling is the process of producing a cylindrical hole in the work peace.
Tool – drilling tool
Boring
Boring is done to enlarge the already drilled hole &
boring them to exact size.
Tool – boring tool
Reaming
• Reaming is a finishing operation because a very small amount of material is removed during operation.
• Tool -reaming tool
THREADING
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