Looking Into The Funny

Figurative language uses FIGURES OF SPEECH to emphasize meaning

Similes—comparison of unlike things using like or asMetaphors—comparison of unlike things without using like or asPersonification—giving non-human object human qualities and characteristicsHyperbole—an exaggeration

Aphorisms

Clever sayings that express general truths

A person who produces or collects aphorisms is an APHORIST.

Mark Twain and Benjamin Franklin were famous American aphorists.

Aphorisms use RHYME, REPETITION, AND ALLITERATION

Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

Rhyme—rise and wise; healthy and wealthyRepetition—earlyAlliteration—makes man; wealthy wise

Alliterationis the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of words

Cliches

An expression that has been overused to the point of losing its emphasis.

Cliches are generally used in a negative context.

ClichéIn this day and age, good teachers

are few and far between. My deepest, darkest secret is my desire to be one of those teachers - one that is worth her weight in gold, who works her fingers to the bone, hand in hand with students to prepare them to meet the trials and tribulations of life.

With an attitude like that, my first day of teaching was doomed to disappointment. I was walking on air as I arrived at my first class, until I realized I'd forgotten my key. A wave of optimism washed over me when I saw the classroom door open. I sauntered up to the door, when BANG, like a bolt from the blue, one of my new students - later proven to be rotten to the core - darted out and slammed the door right in my face.

"I don't know. It may be pretty hard to putHumpty Dumpty back together again.““I don’t think we are in Kansas anymore.”“We need to “eat our peas.”

Last defendant in Derrion Albert beating death gets 32 years

Tribune reporter

Idioms an expression whose meaning

cannot be decided from the statement's literal definition.

Visual IdiomBetween the linesIn politics, the term “lame duck”

refers to an elected official whose termof office has not yet expired but who hasfailed to get re-elected and thereforecannot garner much political support forinitiatives.

This 1915 cartoon shows "lame duck"members of Congress departing CapitolHill after losing their bid for reelection.The lame ducks shown are defeatedDemocrats heading to the White Househoping to secure political appointmentsfrom then-President Woodrow Wilson.

The Lame Duck Amendment, 20th tothe U.S. Constitution, calls for Congressand each new President to take office inJanuary instead of March (as before),thereby eliminating the lame-duck sessionof Congress. But for the period betweenthe November election and the Januaryinauguration and new Congress,

Idioms are actually METAPHORS

When the writer uses two unlike things being compared to each other…two nouns.

Example: Life is a dream.She leads a dog’s life!

You can not change or substitute words and still have an intact idiom.

She kicked the bucket. Is NOT She kicked the pail.

UNSUBSTITUTABLE --- IDIOMS

Idioms are UN-MODIFIABLE

You can’t add words or take words out and have the same end result.

She kicked the bucket. IS NOT She kicked the BIG bucket.

She kicked the bucket. IS NOTShe is the bucket.

IDIOMS POWER POINT

ALLUSION

An indirect reference to some piece of knowledge not actually mentioned. Allusions usually come from a body of information that the author presumes the reader will know. For example, an author who writes, “She was another Helen,” is alluding to the proverbial beauty of Helen of Troy.

SYMBOLS Definition: Something that represents another thing by association, resemblance, or convention

Purpose: Communicate complicated ideas

Message: Readers have to have background knowledge in order to understand the person, place, or thing (symbol) reflected

Example:EGYPT= Genies and pyramids

Symbolism—

A symbol is an object, action, or idea that represents something other than itself.

Anthropomorphic--Originally in reference to regarding God ascribing human form or attributes to a being or thing not human, especially to a deity.

SYMBOLS

Example: Yankee Doodle=rustic rural character evolved into a fellow dressed in stars and stripes;Uncle Sam= Sam Wilson was a meat supplier during the War of 1812. Yankee Doodle’s image + a goatee was a basic likeness of Abraham Lincoln. Thus, Uncle Sam was born.Donkey= Democratic PartyElephant=Republican Party

Stereotypes—type of symbol used by cartoonists

Easily conveyed using symbols or creating a symbol to represent a ideas, nations, groups of people or individual. The use of stereotypes allows the cartoonist to bypass lengthy writing passages.Example: the light bulb above a character’s head a large nose or prominent jaw line

represents a racial or ethnical characteristic

XENOPHOBIA

CARICATURE Drawing using a famous figure but

extending features almost distorting them out of perspective, but still recognizable.

Cartoonists use it as one of their “tools”.

The cartoonist is concerned with readers recognizing the political figure more than fairness to the real likeness

Editorial Cartoons

Journalists add information, persuade others, and push positions. They are only as good as the understanding level of their readers. Or perhaps, an editorialist uses the inadequate knowledge of its readers to invade and control readers. Editorial cartoons study current events and express social and political ideals using visual representation (metaphors).

North Korea’s new ruler Kim Jong Un

What is the current federal minimum wage?

“We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”

PARODYto imitate (a composition, author, etc.) for purposes of ridicule or satire.

SATIRE A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony,

derision, or wit. It often emphasizes the weakness more than the weak person, and usually implies moral judgment and corrective purpose

PUNA pun occurs when the author uses a word or words that have more than one meaning.

IRONYSomething humorous based on contradiction: Words or situations suggesting the opposite of their literal meaning.

SARCASMRemarks that mean the opposite of what they seem to say and are intended to mock or deride.

Mother Goose Land (AP) - Paramedics rushed to the garden wall down in the Dell today to discover a horrific sight.

Humpty Dumpty sat on the wall, as he has done countless times in the past. The well-known comedian and, well . . . egg guy, was sitting as per his daily routine.

That was when the unthinkable happened.

It seems Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.

Paramedics from the King Ambulance Service (the first in the region to employ horses) were rushed to the scene only to discover a sight that made the most experienced veteran turn pale.

"There were little pieces of shell everywhere, along with his clothes," said Paramedic Lieutenant Wee Willie Winkle, now recovering nicely from his sleep disorder. "The worst part was that Humpty was still alive! Good god HE WAS STILL ALIVE! His yolk and albumen were splattered all over the place! GOD IT WAS AWFUL!"

Despite their best efforts, all the King's horses and all the King's men couldn't put Humpty together again.

The giant egg-man-thing is survived by his wife, Bernice, 37, and two children, Omelet and Benedict.

A memorial service will be held at Denny's tomorrow morning, just in time for Grand Slams and Moons Over My Hammy!

Analogy

Is defined as a comparison between two unlike things that share some characteristics. By comparing a complex issue or situation with a more familiar one, cartoonists can help their readers see it in a different light.

Write a short definition for each of the following.

Persuasion_________________________________________________________________ Propaganda __________________________________________________________________________

Alan Forkum explains his cartoon (above): ”Anti-warprotesters often use the death of innocent victims inforeign countries to condemn American military intervention.Yet if the prevention of innocent deaths isone of the protesters' main concerns, why isn't anysignificance given to the deaths of innocentAmericans? “

Taking a stand:Persuasion requires thatyou have an opinion andwant others to share it.

Visual Allegory Allegory is defined as “a

story or visual imagewith a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning.”