Listening to LEED®
Acoustics and Sustainable Design
James Scott Brew, FCSI, AIA, LEED APPrincipal, Built Environment TeamRocky Mountain Institute
NCAC Meeting, December 3, 2007, New Orleans, LA
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Agenda
• Brief LEED® Overview
• LEED® Growth & Use
• LEED® & Your Work
! Some Specific Examples
• LEED® Is Not Enough
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What is RMI?
Rocky Mountain Institute is an entrepreneurial nonprofit organization that fosters the efficient and restorative use of resources to make the world secure, just, prosperous & life sustaining.
Research & Consulting Built Environment
Breakthrough DesignMOVE
Energy & Resources
Education & Outreach
Strategic Influence
Teams
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RMI Overview
! ~70 staff
! Offices in Snowmass and Boulder, Colorado, USA
! 25 year history
! Internationally recognized
! Specialize in all aspects of sustainable design
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Built Environment Team Services
" Sustainable Design Consulting
" Energy Design and Analysis
" Daylighting Design and Analysis
" LEED Advisor Resource
" GreenFoot TM Evaluation
" Sustainable Guideline Development
" Charrette Coordination and Facilitation
" Green Building Seminars and Workshops
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RMI LEED® Experience
" Official Reviewers on behalf of the USGBC• Have reviewed hundreds of projects
" All staff are LEED! Accredited
" 2 staff members are USGBC Faculty
" Led 50+ LEED® projects in-house
" Worked on ~1/3 of all projects certified at the platinum level
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“Making the Case” for Green Buildings
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Now Showing!
Screened at greenbuild® early Nov.--Release date: Soon
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LEED® Overview
• Created by the US Green Building Council- Non-profit, formed 1993
• First Released in 1999
• USGBC’s Premier Green Building Rating System- Third Party Validation
- Consensus Based Evolution
- Transparent Process--Balloted
- Designed to “Transform the Market”
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LEED® Overview
• Sustainable Sites (1p/14c)
• Water Efficiency (0p/5c)
• Energy & Environment (3p/17c)
• Materials & Resources (1p/13c)
• Indoor Environmental Quality (2p/15c)
• Innovation & Design Process (0p/5c)
(prerequisites/credits)
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LEED®-NC v. 2.2Possible Points 14 Possible Points 13
Y ? N Y ? N
Y Prereq 1 Construction Activity Pollution and Prevention Y Prereq 1
Credit 1 1 Credit 1.1 1
Credit 2 1 Credit 1.2 1
Credit 3 1 Credit 1.3 1
Credit 4.1 1 Credit 2.1 1
Credit 4.2 1 Credit 2.2 1
Credit 4.3 1 Credit 3.1 1
Credit 4.4 1 Credit 3.2 1
Credit 5.1 1 Credit 4.1 1
Credit 5.2 1 Credit 4.2 1
Credit 6.1 1 Credit 5.1 1
Credit 6.2 1 Credit 5.2 1
Credit 7.1 1 Credit 6 1
Credit 7.2 1 Credit 7 1
Credit 8 1
Possible Points 15Possible Points 5 Y ? N
Y ? N Y Prereq 1
Credit 1.1 1 Y Prereq 2
Credit 1.2 1 Credit 1 1
Credit 2 1 Credit 2 1
Credit 3.1 1 Credit 3.1 1
Credit 3.2 1 Credit 3.2 1
Credit 4.1 1
Possible Points 17 Credit 4.2 1
Y ? N Credit 4.3 1
Y Prereq 1 Credit 4.4 1
Y Prereq 2 Credit 5 1
Y Prereq 3 Credit 6.1 1
Credit 1.1 2 Credit 6.2 1
Credit 1.2 2 Credit 7.1 1
Credit 1.3 2 Credit 7.2 1
Credit 1.4 2 Credit 8.1 1
Credit 1.5 2 Credit 8.2 1
Credit 2.1 1
Credit 2.2 1 Possible Points 5Credit 2.3 1 Y ? N
Credit 3 1 Credit 1.1 1
Credit 4 1 Credit 1.2 1
Credit 5 1 Credit 1.3 1
Credit 6 1 Credit 1.4 1
Credit 2 1
Reduced Site Disturbance, Protect or Restore Habitat
Rapidly Renewable MaterialsCertified Wood
Recycled Content, 10% (post-consumer+ 1/2 post-industrial)Recycled Content, 20% (post-consumer+1/2 post-industrial)Regional Materials , 10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured RegionallyRegional Materials , 20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally
Reduced Site Disturbance, Maximize Open SpaceStormwater Management , Quantity Control
Low-Emitting Materials , Paints and Coatings
Minimum IAQ Performance
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
Water EfficiencyIndoor Environmental Quality
Construction IAQ Management Plan , During ConstructionConstruction IAQ Management Plan , Before OccupancyLow-Emitting Materials , Adhesives & Sealants
Outdoor Air Delivery MonitoringIncreased Ventilation
Innovation in Design : LEED™ Accredited Professional
Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50%Water Efficient Landscaping, No Potable Use or No IrrigationInnovative Wastewater Technologies
Water Use Reduction, 20% ReductionWater Use Reduction, 30% Reduction
Innovation & Design Process
Daylight & Views, Views for 90% of Spaces
Innovation in Design :
Controllability of Systems, Lighting
Innovation in Design : Innovation in Design :
Controllability of Systems, Thermal ComfortThermal Comfort, DesignThermal Comfort, VerificationDaylight & Views, Daylight 75% of Spaces
Renewable Energy, 7.5%Renewable Energy, 12.5%
Optimize Energy Performance, 42% New / 35% ExistingRenewable Energy, 2.5%
Fundamental Building Systems CommissioningLow-Emitting Materials , CarpetLow-Emitting Materials , Composite Wood & Agrifiber ProductsIndoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control
Stormwater Management , Quality Control
Light Pollution Reduction
Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof
Optimize Energy Performance, 28% New / 21% ExistingOptimize Energy Performance, 21% New / 14% Existing
Minimum Energy PerformanceFundamental Refrigerant Management
Optimize Energy Performance, 14% New /7% Existing
Optimize Energy Performance, 35% New / 28% Existing
Materials & Resources
Construction Waste Management , Divert 50% from LandfillConstruction Waste Management , Divert 75% from LandfillResource Reuse, 5%
Sustainable Sites
Green Power
Enhanced CommissioningEnhanced Refrigeration Management
Heat Island Effect, Roof
Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access
Alternative Transportation, Low emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles
Measurement & Verification
Energy & Atmosphere
Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity
Storage & Collection of RecyclablesSite SelectionDevelopment Density & Community ConnectivityBrownfield Redevelopment
Building Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors and Roof
Alternative Transportation, Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms
Building Reuse, Maintain 100% of Existing Walls, Floors and RoofBuilding Reuse, Maintain 50% Interior Non-Structural Elements
Resource Reuse, 10%
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Each credit identifies the following:
# Intent# Requirements# Submittals# Technologies and Strategies
Responsible parties will sign a Letter Template declaring that they meet the requirements of the credit.
Final credit achievement is based on intent.
LEED® Credit Format
LEED-NC v. 2.2 Reference Guide
LEED-NC Letter Template
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LEED® Overview
Current Family of LEED Products
LEED-Schools, (Released earlier this year--1st to include acoustics!)LEED-Homes, (Pilot completed, release planned soon)
- Multi-Family over 3 stories, pilot through 2008
LEED-Neighborhood Development, (Pilot now, release early 2009)LEED-Healthcare, (Public comment period now--ends mid-Dec.)LEED-Retail, (NC, CI in pilot now)
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LEED® Use
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LEED® Growth
Used in all 50 States
Adopted by 24 States
Adopted by 90 Local Governments
Used in 41 Countries
46 percent LEED projects are owned by federal, state and local governments
38,710 LEED Accredited Professionals
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USGBC Membership
steady growth
in the first 5 years
huge
growth
in the
last 5
years
19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999 20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006
61 102 158268
570
1137
2370
3532
4970
5832
76007600
T
O
T
A
L
M
E
M
B
E
R
S
USGBC
membership
growth reflects
the expansion
of green
buildings in
the market
2007
10,735
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US Building ImpactsU.S. Building
Impacts:
12%Water Use
30%GreenhouseGas Emissions
65%Waste
Output
70%Electricity
Consumption
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40% of World’s energy consumption
33% of CO2 emissions
40% of SO2 emissions
50% of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) production
25% of virgin wood harvesting
17% of fresh water consumption
40% of landfill volume (construction waste)
Worldwide Building Impacts
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LEED® Impacts
ENERGY
SAVINGS
30%
CARBON
SAVINGS
35%
WATER
USE
SAVINGS
30-50%
WASTE
COST
SAVINGS
50-90%
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LEED® Impacts
20%
BETTER TEST
PERFORMANCE
SCHOOLS
EARLIER
DISCHARGE
HOSPITALS
INCREASED
PRODUCTION
FACTORIES
2-16%
PRODUCTIVITY
INCREASE
OFFICES
INCREASE
IN SALES PER
SQUARE FOOT
RETAIL
Productivity
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$12 billion -
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LEED® & Acoustics - OverviewYour work & advice affects many if not most credits:
! Obvious areas include acoustical performance of spaces; RT, STC, dBA...
! Material property contributions to LEED
- Recycled Content, VOC’s, Regional Materials...
! Less Obvious
- Flame Retardants
- Toxicity
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LEED® & Acoustical ConsultingLEED-Schools: Indoor Environmental Quality
EQp3 - Minimum Acoustic Performance
Intent - Provide classrooms that are quite and in which teachers can speak to the class without straining their voices and students can effectively communicate with each other and the teacher
Requirements - Design core learning spaces to meet Reverberation Time (RT) requirements of ANSI Standard S12.60-2002, Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements and Guidelines for Schools. Also must meet the STC requirements, excepting windows, which must meet an STC rating of at least 35.
AND
Option 1 - Using annexes B-D of the referenced ANSI standard, achieve a maximum background noise level of 45 dBA.
OR Option 2 - Design learning spaces using methodologies listed in 2003 HVAC Applications ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47 on Sound & Vibration Control--achieve an RC (N) Mark II level of 37.
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LEED® & Acoustical ConsultingLEED-Schools: Indoor Environmental Quality
EQc9 - Enhanced Acoustic Performance (1-2 points)
Intent - Provide classrooms that facilitate better teacher-to-student and student-to-student communications.
Requirements - Design core learning spaces to meet Reverberation Time (RT) and Impact Insulation Class (IIC) requirements of ANSI Standard S12.60-2002, Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements and Guidelines for Schools. Also must meet the STC requirements, excepting windows, which must meet an STC rating of at least 35.
AND
Option 1 - Using annexes B-D of the referenced ANSI standard, achieve a maximum unoccupied background noise level of 40 dBA (1 point) 35 dBA (2 points).
OR Option 2 - Design learning spaces using methodologies listed in 2003 HVAC Applications ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47 on Sound & Vibration Control--achieve an RC level of 32 (1 point) 27 (2 points).
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LEED® & Acoustical Consulting
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SSc1 - Site Selection
Selection of the site as it relates to external noise impacts the projects performance. And the effect of the project generated noise (construction, traffic, humans, HVAC equipment, etc.) on the surrounding environment, has sustainability impacts.
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LEED® & Acoustical Consulting
WATER EFFICIENCY:
WE credits
Impacts from selection of flush-fixtures, plumbing pipe selection (material for noise reduction and environmental properties) and rainwater capture and re-use.
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LEED® & Acoustical Consulting
ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE:
EA credits
Whole building, integrated design reduces mechanical system size and noise!
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Cost Effectiveness Limit
Diminishing
Returns
Cumulative Energy Savings
Co
st
of
eff
icie
ncy
imp
rove
me
nts
Tunneling Through
the cost barrier . . .
. . . to even bigger and
lower initial cost savings
Tunneling Through the Cost Barrier
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Windows + $67,500
Daylighting + $18,000
Insulation + $17,200
Lighting + $21,000
HVAC - $160,000
TOTAL - $36,300
+ Energy Savings of $75,000/yr
Tunneling through the cost barrier...An example
Grand Forks Office Building
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LEED® & Acoustical Consulting
MATERIALS & RESOURCES:
MR credits
MRc2.1-2.2 - Construction Waste Mgmnt.
MRc3.1-3.2 - Materials Reuse
MRc4.1-4.2 - Recycled Content
MRc5.1-5.2 - Regional Materials
MRc6 - Rapidly Renewable Materials
MRc7 - Certified Wood
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LEED® & Acoustical Consulting
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY:
EQ credits
EQc3.1-3.2 - IAQ Management Plans
EQc4.1-4.4 - Low Emitting Materials
- Adhesives, Sealants, Paints, Coatings, Carpets, Composite Wood & Agrifiber
EQc7.2 - Thermal Comfort Verification
- Opportunity for POE!
EQc8.1-8.2 - Daylight & Views
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LEED® & Acoustical Consulting
INNOVATION & DESIGN PROCESS:
ID credits
IDC1.1-1.4 - Exceed Acoustical Performance Standards!
“+”ResourceProducing
ResourceConsuming
“-”
Regenerative
Restorative
Sustainable
Green / LEED
Standard Practice
Promotes:Whole Systems Thinking
Uses:Fragmented Technologies
Environmental Design Continuum
Resource Amount
Carbon NeutralityNet Zero Energy
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LEED® is not Enough!
SPECIES EXTINCTION:
! 137 species vanish everyday
! 50,000 species lost per year
! 50% of species loss is in rain forests
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LEED® is not Enough!PBT’s in Building Materials:
Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxins (PBT’s)
“The Nasty Nine”
$ Chlordane
$ Dieldrin
$ DDT
$ Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
$ Mercury
$ Octachlorostyrene (OCS)
$ PCBs
$ 2,3,7,8 TCDD (Dioxin)
$ Toxaphene
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LEED® is not Enough!PBT’s in Building Materials:
$ Dioxin (PVC)
$ Brominated and Halogenated Flame Retardants (PBDE’s)
$ Perfluorochemicals (PFC’s)$Teflon, Scotchguard, Stainmaster and other treatments
PBDE’s:
•Nursing mothers in Texas all had detectable
levels in breast milk
•Found in sediments, polar bears, beluga
whales, seals, bird eggs, human milk, serum
and adipose tissue.
•Levels are doubling every two to five years in
the North American population.
•Some women are approaching levels that have
harmed newborn animals' developing brains
in laboratory tests.
•Very similar properties to PCBs/dioxins
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LEED® is not Enough!PBT’s in Building Materials:
$ What products might contain polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE’s):
$Fabrics
$Upholstery Foam
$Carpets
$Insulating Materials
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LEED® is not Enough!
COTTON:
" Cotton is responsible for the release of over US$2 billion of chemical pesticides each year.
" Cotton is responsible for 16% of global insecticides.
" An estimated 1 million to 5 million cases of pesticide poisoning occur every year, resulting in 20,000 reported deaths among agricultural workers and at least 1 million requiring hospitalization.
" Only 0.15% of the worlds organic cotton is guaranteed to be pesticide free. Demand for organic cotton is estimated to be between $800 million and $1 billion USD.
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Opportunities Abound!How does Mirra qualify as an earth-friendly chair?Like all of our new designs, Mirra was scrutinized from top to bottom to make sure its material chemistry, recyclability, ease of disassembly, and packaging are environmentally friendly.
Additionally, the chair has been evaluated according to our own Design for the Environment (DfE) protocol, developed in conjunction with McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry. This process resulted in a design that is PVC-free, has a high level of recycled content, and is highly recyclable.
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Early Impact Matters Most
Performance Impact
TimeProject START
Project FINISH
HIGH
LOW
Level of Effort
Leve
l of E
ffort
/ Im
pact
HUMAN NATURE
We are the people we have been waiting for…
[email protected] 720.891.0363
- Amory Lovins
Thank You!
James Scott Brew, FCSI, AIA, LEED AP
Principal, Built Environment TeamRocky Mountain Institute
[email protected] ☀ 303/567.8557abundance by design™