1. i Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6
christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 201 West 103rd Street Indianapolis, Indiana
46290 LINUX COMPLETE Command Reference For more information on the
Linux operating system and Red Hat Software, Inc., check
http://www.redhat.com. Compiled by J. Purcell Red Hat Software,
Inc.
2. President Richard K. Swadley Publisher and Director of
Acquisitions Jordan Gold Director of Product Development Dean
Miller Managing Editor Kitty Wilson Jarrett Indexing Manager Johnna
L. VanHoose Director of Marketing Kelli S. Spencer Associate
Product Marketing Manager Jennifer Pock Marketing Coordinator Linda
Beckwith COPYRIGHT 1997 BY RED HAT SOFTWARE, INC. FIRST EDITION All
rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with
respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although
every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book,
the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or
omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting
from the use of the information contained herein. For information,
address Sams Publishing, 201 W. 103rd St., Indianapolis, IN 46290.
International Standard Book Number: 0-672-31104-6 Library of
Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-66202 2000 99 98 97 4 3 2 1
Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double-digit
number is the year of the books printing; the rightmost
single-digit, the number of the books printing. For example, a
printing code of 97-1 shows that the first printing of the book
occurred in 1997. Composed in AGaramond and MCPdigital by Macmillan
Computer Publishing Printed in the United States of America
TRADEMARKS All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be
trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized.
Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information.
Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the
validity of any trademark or service mark. Acquisitions Editor
Grace M. Buechlein Development Editor Brian Proffitt Software
Development Specialist Jack Belbot Production Editor Kitty Wilson
Jarrett Kate Shoup Welsh Copy Editors Kimberly K. Hannel Carolyn
Linn Kristine Simmons Indexer Christine L. Nelsen Technical
Reviewer Bill Ball Editorial Coordinators Mandie Rowell Katie Wise
Technical Edit Coordinator Lynette Quinn Editorial Assistants Carol
Ackerman Andi Richter Rhonda Tinch-Mize Karen Williams Cover
Designer Karen Ruggles Book Designer Ann Jones Copy Writer David
Reichwein Production Team Supervisor Beth Lewis Production Team
Erin Danielson, Bryan Flores, DiMonique Ford, Julie Geeting, Kay
Hoskin, Christy M. Lemasters, Tony McDonald, Darlena Murray, Julie
Searls, Sossity Smith
3. Overview Part I User Commands 2 Part II System Calls 738
Part III Library Functions 892 Part IV Special Files 1064 Part V
File Formats 1104 Part VI Games 1210 Part VII Miscellaneous 1214
Part VIII Administration and Privileged Commands 1258 Part IX
Kernel Reference Guide 1424 Index
4. Linux Complete Command Reference iv gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 Part I User
Commands Introduction
.........................................................................................................2
addftinfo
...............................................................................................................2
afmtodit
................................................................................................................2
ansi2knr
................................................................................................................4
anytopnm
.............................................................................................................
4 appres
...................................................................................................................
5 ar
..........................................................................................................................5
arch.......................................................................................................................
8 GNU as
................................................................................................................8
asciitopgm...........................................................................................................
10 atktopbm
............................................................................................................10
bash
....................................................................................................................
11 bdftopcf
..............................................................................................................47
beforelight...........................................................................................................
47 biff
......................................................................................................................48
bioradtopgm
.......................................................................................................48
bitmap, bmtoa, atobm
........................................................................................
49 bmptoppm
..........................................................................................................
57 brushtopbm
........................................................................................................57
cal
.......................................................................................................................58
cat
.......................................................................................................................58
chattr
..................................................................................................................59
chfn
....................................................................................................................
60
chgrp...................................................................................................................
61
chkdupexe...........................................................................................................
61
chmod.................................................................................................................61
chown
.................................................................................................................62
chsh
....................................................................................................................
63
ci.........................................................................................................................64
cidentd
................................................................................................................69
cksum
.................................................................................................................70
clear
....................................................................................................................
70 cmuwmtopbm
....................................................................................................71
co
........................................................................................................................71
col
.......................................................................................................................76
colcrt...................................................................................................................
77 colrm
..................................................................................................................77
column................................................................................................................78
comm..................................................................................................................78
5. v Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference 31104-6
christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
convdate..............................................................................................................79
cp
........................................................................................................................80
cccp, cpp
.............................................................................................................81
crontab................................................................................................................84
csplit
...................................................................................................................85
ctags
....................................................................................................................87
cu........................................................................................................................88
cut
......................................................................................................................90
cvs
.......................................................................................................................91
date
...................................................................................................................
106 dd
.....................................................................................................................
108 depmod,
modprobe...........................................................................................
109 df
......................................................................................................................
112 dig
....................................................................................................................
113 dnsquery
...........................................................................................................
117 domainname
.....................................................................................................
119 dsplit
.................................................................................................................119
du
.....................................................................................................................
120 editres
...............................................................................................................
121 elvis, ex, vi, view, input
.....................................................................................126
elvprsv...............................................................................................................
128
elvrec.................................................................................................................129
emacs
................................................................................................................130
emacstool
..........................................................................................................
134 etags
..................................................................................................................135
expand
..............................................................................................................
137 find
...................................................................................................................
137 fitstopnm
..........................................................................................................
142 fmt
....................................................................................................................
143 fold
...................................................................................................................
143
free....................................................................................................................
144 fsinfo
.................................................................................................................145
fslsfonts
.............................................................................................................
145
fstobdf...............................................................................................................
146 fstopgm
.............................................................................................................
147 ftp
.....................................................................................................................
147 fuser
..................................................................................................................154
g++....................................................................................................................
155 g3topbm
...........................................................................................................
160 gawk
.................................................................................................................161
6. Linux Complete Command Reference vi gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 gcal
...................................................................................................................
173 gcc,
g++.............................................................................................................174
gemtopbm
........................................................................................................201
geqn
..................................................................................................................202
getlist
................................................................................................................206
getopt................................................................................................................207
giftopnm
...........................................................................................................208
gindxbib............................................................................................................209
glookbib
............................................................................................................210
gnroff
................................................................................................................210
gouldtoppm
......................................................................................................211
gpic
...................................................................................................................
211 gprof
.................................................................................................................216
grefer.................................................................................................................217
grep, egrep, fgrep
..............................................................................................224
grephistory
........................................................................................................226
grodvi
...............................................................................................................227
groff
..................................................................................................................228
grog
..................................................................................................................230
grops
.................................................................................................................230
grotty
................................................................................................................235
gsoelim..............................................................................................................236
gtbl
...................................................................................................................
236
gtroff.................................................................................................................237
gzip, gunzip, zcatgzip, gunzip, zcat
....................................................................248
gzexe
.................................................................................................................252
head
..................................................................................................................253
hexdump
...........................................................................................................254
hipstopgm
.........................................................................................................256
host
...................................................................................................................
257 hostid
................................................................................................................258
hostname
..........................................................................................................259
hpcdtoppm
v0.3................................................................................................260
httpd
.................................................................................................................261
icontopbm
........................................................................................................262
ident
.................................................................................................................262
ilbmtoppm
........................................................................................................263
imake
................................................................................................................264
imgtoppm
.........................................................................................................267
inews.................................................................................................................267
info
...................................................................................................................
269 innconfval
.........................................................................................................270
insmod
..............................................................................................................271
install
................................................................................................................272
installit
..............................................................................................................273
7. vii Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference
31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 ispell, buildhash, munchlist,
findaffix, tryaffix, icombine, ijoin ......................... 274
join
...................................................................................................................
282 kill
....................................................................................................................
283 killall
.................................................................................................................284
ksyms
................................................................................................................284
last
....................................................................................................................
285 lbxproxy
............................................................................................................
286 ld
......................................................................................................................
287 lispmtopgm
.......................................................................................................292
lkbib
.................................................................................................................292
ln
......................................................................................................................
293 lndir
..................................................................................................................294
locate
................................................................................................................295
logger
................................................................................................................295
login..................................................................................................................296
look...................................................................................................................
297 lpq
....................................................................................................................
298 lpr
.....................................................................................................................
299 lprm
..................................................................................................................301
lptest
.................................................................................................................302
ls, dir,
vdir.........................................................................................................303
lsattr..................................................................................................................304
lsmod
................................................................................................................305
lynx
...................................................................................................................
306
macptopbm.......................................................................................................309
make
.................................................................................................................310
makedepend
......................................................................................................312
makestrs
............................................................................................................
314 mattrib
..............................................................................................................
315 mbadblocks
.......................................................................................................316
mcd...................................................................................................................
316 mcookie
............................................................................................................
317 mcopy
...............................................................................................................
317
md5sum............................................................................................................
318
mdel..................................................................................................................318
mdeltree
............................................................................................................
319 mdir
..................................................................................................................319
merge
................................................................................................................320
mesg..................................................................................................................321
mformat
............................................................................................................
321 mgrtopbm
.........................................................................................................322
mkdir
................................................................................................................323
mkdirhier
..........................................................................................................
323 mkfifo
...............................................................................................................
323 mkmanifest
.......................................................................................................324
8. Linux Complete Command Reference viii gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 mknod
..............................................................................................................325
mlabel
...............................................................................................................325
mmd
.................................................................................................................326
mmount
............................................................................................................326
mmove
..............................................................................................................327
more
.................................................................................................................327
mrd
...................................................................................................................
329
mread................................................................................................................329
mren
.................................................................................................................329
mtest
.................................................................................................................330
mtools
...............................................................................................................330
mtvtoppm
.........................................................................................................333
mtype................................................................................................................333
mv
....................................................................................................................334
mwrite
..............................................................................................................335
namei
................................................................................................................335
newaliases..........................................................................................................336
newgrp
..............................................................................................................336
nl
......................................................................................................................337
nlmconv
............................................................................................................338
nm
....................................................................................................................339
nntpget
.............................................................................................................340
objcopy
.............................................................................................................341
objdump
...........................................................................................................342
oclock
...............................................................................................................344
od
.....................................................................................................................345
passwd
..............................................................................................................346
paste..................................................................................................................347
pbmclean
..........................................................................................................348
pbmfilters..........................................................................................................348
pbmlife
.............................................................................................................352
pbmmake
..........................................................................................................353
pbmmask
..........................................................................................................353
pbmpscale
.........................................................................................................354
pbmreduce
........................................................................................................355
pbmtext
............................................................................................................355
pbmto10x
.........................................................................................................356
pbmto4425
.......................................................................................................357
pbmtoascii
........................................................................................................357
pbmtoatk
..........................................................................................................358
pbmtobg
...........................................................................................................358
pbmtocmuwm
..................................................................................................358
pbmtoepsi
.........................................................................................................359
pbmtoepson
......................................................................................................359
pbmtog3
...........................................................................................................360
9. ix Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference
31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 pbmtogem
........................................................................................................360
pbmtogo
...........................................................................................................
360 pbmtoicon
........................................................................................................361
pbmtolj
.............................................................................................................
361 pbmtoln03
........................................................................................................362
pbmtolps
...........................................................................................................
362
pbmtomacp.......................................................................................................363
pbmtomgr
.........................................................................................................363
pbmtopgm
........................................................................................................364
pbmtopi3
..........................................................................................................
364 pbmtopk
...........................................................................................................
364 pbmtoplot
.........................................................................................................365
pbmtoptx
..........................................................................................................
366 pbmtox10bm
....................................................................................................
366 pbmtoxbm
........................................................................................................367
pgmtoybm
........................................................................................................367
pbmtozinc
.........................................................................................................367
pbmupc
............................................................................................................
368
pcxtoppm..........................................................................................................
368
pfbtops..............................................................................................................
369 pgmbentley
.......................................................................................................369
pgmcrater
..........................................................................................................
370 pgmedge
...........................................................................................................
371 pgmenhance
......................................................................................................371
pgmhist
.............................................................................................................
372 pgmkernel
.........................................................................................................372
pgmnoise
..........................................................................................................
373 pgmnorm
..........................................................................................................
373 pgmoil
..............................................................................................................
374 pgmramp
..........................................................................................................
374
pgmtexture........................................................................................................375
pgmtofs
.............................................................................................................
376 pgmtolispm
.......................................................................................................376
pgmtopbm
........................................................................................................377
pgmtoppm
........................................................................................................378
pi1toppm
..........................................................................................................
378 pi3topbm
..........................................................................................................
379 picttoppm
.........................................................................................................379
pjtoppm
............................................................................................................
381 pktopbm
...........................................................................................................
381
pnmalias............................................................................................................
381 pnmarith
...........................................................................................................
382
pnmcat..............................................................................................................
383 pnmcomp
.........................................................................................................383
pnmconvol
........................................................................................................384
10. Linux Complete Command Reference x gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 pnmcrop
...........................................................................................................385
pnmcut
.............................................................................................................385
pnmdepth
.........................................................................................................385
pnmenlarge
.......................................................................................................386
pnmfile
.............................................................................................................386
pnmflip
.............................................................................................................387
pnmgamma
.......................................................................................................387
pnmhistmap......................................................................................................388
pnmindex..........................................................................................................388
pnminvert
.........................................................................................................389
pnmmargin
.......................................................................................................389
pnmnlfilt...........................................................................................................390
pnmnoraw
........................................................................................................391
pnmpad
............................................................................................................392
pnmpaste
..........................................................................................................392
pnmrotate
.........................................................................................................393
pnmscale
...........................................................................................................393
pnmshear
..........................................................................................................394
pnmsmooth
......................................................................................................395
pnmtile
.............................................................................................................395
pnmtoddif.........................................................................................................396
pnmtofits
..........................................................................................................396
pnmtops............................................................................................................397
pnmtorast
.........................................................................................................398
pnmtosgi
...........................................................................................................398
pnmtosir
...........................................................................................................399
pnmtotiff
..........................................................................................................399
pnmtoxwd
........................................................................................................400
ppm3d
..............................................................................................................400
ppmbrighten
.....................................................................................................401
ppmchange
.......................................................................................................401
ppmdim
............................................................................................................402
ppmdist.............................................................................................................402
ppmdither
.........................................................................................................403
ppmflash
...........................................................................................................404
ppmforge
..........................................................................................................404
ppmhist.............................................................................................................408
ppmmake
..........................................................................................................408
ppmmix
............................................................................................................408
ppmnorm..........................................................................................................409
ppmntsc
............................................................................................................409
ppmpat
.............................................................................................................410
ppmquant
.........................................................................................................411
ppmquantall......................................................................................................412
ppmqvga
...........................................................................................................412
11. xi Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference
31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 ppmrelief
..........................................................................................................
413 ppmshift
...........................................................................................................
413 ppmspread
........................................................................................................414
ppmtoacad
........................................................................................................414
ppmtobmp
........................................................................................................416
ppmtogif
...........................................................................................................
416 ppmtoicr
...........................................................................................................
417 ppmtoilbm
........................................................................................................418
ppmtomap
........................................................................................................419
ppmtomitsu
......................................................................................................420
ppmtopcx..........................................................................................................
421 ppmtopgm
........................................................................................................421
ppmtopi1
..........................................................................................................
422 ppmtopict
.........................................................................................................422
ppmtopj
............................................................................................................
423 ppmtopjxl
.........................................................................................................424
ppmtopuzz
........................................................................................................424
ppmtorgb3
........................................................................................................425
ppmtosixel
........................................................................................................425
ppmtotga
..........................................................................................................
426 ppmtouil
...........................................................................................................
427 ppmtoxpm
........................................................................................................427
ppmtoyuv
.........................................................................................................428
ppmtoyuvsplit
...................................................................................................
428 pr
......................................................................................................................
429 ps
......................................................................................................................
430 psbb
..................................................................................................................433
psidtopgm
.........................................................................................................433
pstopnm............................................................................................................
434 pstree
................................................................................................................435
psupdate
...........................................................................................................
436 qrttoppm
..........................................................................................................
436
quota.................................................................................................................437
ranlib
................................................................................................................437
rasttopnm
.........................................................................................................438
rawtopgm..........................................................................................................
439 rawtoppm
.........................................................................................................439
rcp
....................................................................................................................
440 rcs
.....................................................................................................................
441 rcsclean
.............................................................................................................
443 rcsdiff
................................................................................................................445
rcsfreeze
............................................................................................................
446 rcsintro
.............................................................................................................
447 rcsmerge
............................................................................................................
449 rdist
..................................................................................................................451
12. Linux Complete Command Reference xii gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 reconfig
.............................................................................................................454
ref
.....................................................................................................................455
reset
..................................................................................................................456
resize
.................................................................................................................456
rev
.....................................................................................................................457
rgb3toppm
........................................................................................................457
rlog
...................................................................................................................
458 rlogin
................................................................................................................460
rm
.....................................................................................................................461
rmdir
................................................................................................................462
rmmod
..............................................................................................................462
rnews
................................................................................................................463
rpcgen
...............................................................................................................464
rsh.....................................................................................................................466
rstart
.................................................................................................................467
rstartd
...............................................................................................................468
rup
....................................................................................................................472
rusers
................................................................................................................472
rwall
..................................................................................................................473
rwho
.................................................................................................................474
script
.................................................................................................................474
sed
....................................................................................................................475
sessreg
...............................................................................................................480
setterm
..............................................................................................................482
sgitopnm
...........................................................................................................483
shar
...................................................................................................................
484
shlock................................................................................................................487
showrgb
............................................................................................................488
shrinkfile
...........................................................................................................488
sirtopnm
...........................................................................................................488
size
....................................................................................................................489
sldtoppm...........................................................................................................490
smproxy
............................................................................................................491
sort....................................................................................................................492
spctoppm
..........................................................................................................494
split
...................................................................................................................
494
spottopgm.........................................................................................................495
sputoppm..........................................................................................................495
sq
......................................................................................................................496
startx
.................................................................................................................496
strings
...............................................................................................................498
strip
..................................................................................................................499
subst
.................................................................................................................500
sum
...................................................................................................................
501 SuperProbe
.......................................................................................................501
13. xiii Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference
31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 tac
.....................................................................................................................
503 tail
....................................................................................................................
504
talk....................................................................................................................
505 tcal
....................................................................................................................
506
telnet.................................................................................................................507
tfmtodit
............................................................................................................
513 tftp
....................................................................................................................
514 tgatoppm
..........................................................................................................
515 tifftopnm
..........................................................................................................
515 tin, rtin, cdtin, tind
...........................................................................................
516
tload..................................................................................................................533
top
....................................................................................................................
533 touch
................................................................................................................536
tr
.......................................................................................................................
536 tset, reset
...........................................................................................................
539 tsort
..................................................................................................................542
twm
..................................................................................................................542
txt2gcal
.............................................................................................................
558 ul
......................................................................................................................
558 unexpand
..........................................................................................................
559 uniq
..................................................................................................................560
unshar
...............................................................................................................
560 updatedb
...........................................................................................................
561 uptime
..............................................................................................................
562
userlist...............................................................................................................
563
uucp..................................................................................................................563
uuencode
..........................................................................................................
565 uustat
................................................................................................................566
uux....................................................................................................................
569 uuxqt
................................................................................................................572
w.......................................................................................................................
573 wall
...................................................................................................................
574 wc
.....................................................................................................................
574 whereis
..............................................................................................................
575
write..................................................................................................................576
x11perf..............................................................................................................
577 x11perfcomp
.....................................................................................................
585
xargs..................................................................................................................586
xauth
.................................................................................................................587
xbmtopbm
........................................................................................................592
xcmsdb..............................................................................................................
592
xclock................................................................................................................593
xclipboard
.........................................................................................................595
xconsole
............................................................................................................
597 xcutsel
...............................................................................................................
598
14. Linux Complete Command Reference xiv gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 xdm
..................................................................................................................599
xdpyinfo............................................................................................................614
Xf86_Accel
.......................................................................................................614
XF86_Mono
.....................................................................................................624
XF86_SVGA
....................................................................................................627
XF86_VGA16
..................................................................................................631
xf86config
.........................................................................................................633
xfd
....................................................................................................................633
XFree86
............................................................................................................636
xfs
.....................................................................................................................641
xhost
.................................................................................................................643
xieperf
...............................................................................................................645
ximtoppm
.........................................................................................................654
xinetd................................................................................................................655
xinit
..................................................................................................................664
xkill...................................................................................................................
666 xlogo
.................................................................................................................667
xlsatoms
............................................................................................................668
xlsclients............................................................................................................669
xlsfonts..............................................................................................................670
xmag
.................................................................................................................671
xmkmf
..............................................................................................................672
xmodmap
..........................................................................................................672
xon....................................................................................................................676
xpmtoppm
........................................................................................................677
xprop
................................................................................................................677
xrdb
..................................................................................................................681
xrefresh
.............................................................................................................684
Xserver
..............................................................................................................685
xset....................................................................................................................690
xsetroot
.............................................................................................................693
xsm
...................................................................................................................
694
xsmclient...........................................................................................................698
xstdcmap...........................................................................................................699
xterm
................................................................................................................700
Xvfb
..................................................................................................................717
xvidtune
............................................................................................................719
xvminitoppm
....................................................................................................720
xwd
...................................................................................................................
721 xwdtopnm
........................................................................................................722
xwininfo............................................................................................................722
xwud
.................................................................................................................725
ybmtopbm
........................................................................................................726
ytalk
..................................................................................................................727
yuvplittoppm
....................................................................................................730
15. xv Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference
31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 yuvtoppm
.........................................................................................................731
zcmp, zdiff
........................................................................................................731
zeisstopnm
........................................................................................................732
zforce
................................................................................................................732
zgrep
.................................................................................................................733
zmore
................................................................................................................733
znew..................................................................................................................734
Part II System Calls intro
..................................................................................................................738
exit
....................................................................................................................
739 accept
................................................................................................................740
access
................................................................................................................741
acct
...................................................................................................................
742 adjtimex
............................................................................................................
742
alarm.................................................................................................................744
bdflush
..............................................................................................................
744 bind
..................................................................................................................745
brk,
sbrk............................................................................................................
746 cacheflush
.........................................................................................................746
chdir, fchdir
......................................................................................................747
chmod,
fchmod.................................................................................................
748 chown, fchown
.................................................................................................
749 chroot
...............................................................................................................
750 clone
.................................................................................................................751
close
..................................................................................................................752
connect
.............................................................................................................
752 dup, dup2
.........................................................................................................753
execve................................................................................................................754
fcntl
..................................................................................................................755
fdatasync
...........................................................................................................
756 flock
..................................................................................................................757
fork, vfork
.........................................................................................................758
fsync
.................................................................................................................758
getdents
............................................................................................................
759 getdomainname, setdomainname
......................................................................
760 getdtablesize
......................................................................................................760
getgid, getegid
...................................................................................................
761 getgroups, setgroups
..........................................................................................
761 gethostid, sethostid
...........................................................................................
762 gethostname,
sethostname.................................................................................
763 getitimer, setitimer
............................................................................................763
getpagesize
........................................................................................................765
getpeername
......................................................................................................765
getpid, getppid
..................................................................................................
766 getpriority, setpriority
.......................................................................................
766
16. Linux Complete Command Reference xvi gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 getrlimit,
getrusage, setrlimit
.............................................................................
767 getsid
................................................................................................................768
getsockname......................................................................................................769
getsockopt,
setsockopt.......................................................................................
769 gettimeofday,
settimeofday................................................................................772
getuid, geteuid
..................................................................................................773
idle
....................................................................................................................774
ioctl...................................................................................................................
774 ioperm
..............................................................................................................788
iopl
...................................................................................................................
788
ipc.....................................................................................................................789
kill
....................................................................................................................790
killpg.................................................................................................................790
link
...................................................................................................................
791 listen
.................................................................................................................792
llseek
.................................................................................................................793
lseek
..................................................................................................................793
mkdir
................................................................................................................794
mknod
..............................................................................................................795
mlock
................................................................................................................796
mlockall
............................................................................................................797
mmap, munmap
...............................................................................................799
modify_ldt
........................................................................................................800
get_kernel_syms, create_module, init_module, delete_module
.........................800 mount, umount
................................................................................................802
mprotect
...........................................................................................................804
mremap
............................................................................................................805
msgctl
...............................................................................................................806
msgget...............................................................................................................807
msgop
...............................................................................................................808
msync
...............................................................................................................811
munlock............................................................................................................811
munlockall
........................................................................................................812
nanosleep
..........................................................................................................813
nice
...................................................................................................................
814 oldfstat, oldlstat, oldstat, oldolduname, olduname
............................................814 open, creat
........................................................................................................815
outb, outw, outl, outsb, outsw, outsl
.................................................................816
pause
.................................................................................................................817
personality
........................................................................................................817
phys
..................................................................................................................818
pipe...................................................................................................................
818 profil
.................................................................................................................819
ptrace
................................................................................................................820
quotactl
.............................................................................................................821
17. xvii Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference
31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 read
...................................................................................................................
822 readdir
..............................................................................................................
823 readlink
.............................................................................................................
823 readv,
writev......................................................................................................824
reboot
...............................................................................................................
825 recv, recvfrom, recvmsg
.....................................................................................826
rename
..............................................................................................................
828 rmdir
................................................................................................................829
sched_get_priority_max, sched_get_priority_min
.............................................830
sched_rr_get_interval
........................................................................................
831 sched_setparam, sched_getparam
......................................................................
832 sched_setscheduler, sched_getscheduler
............................................................ 833
sched_yield
.......................................................................................................835
select, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, FD_SET,
FD_ZERO......................................... 835
semctl................................................................................................................837
semget
...............................................................................................................
839 semop
...............................................................................................................
840 send, sendto, sendmsg
.......................................................................................
842 setfsgid
..............................................................................................................
843
setfsuid..............................................................................................................
844 setgid
................................................................................................................845
setpgid, getpgid, setpgrp, getpgrp
......................................................................
845 setregid, setegid
.................................................................................................
846 setreuid, seteuid
................................................................................................
847 setsid
.................................................................................................................848
setuid
................................................................................................................848
setup
.................................................................................................................849
shmctl
...............................................................................................................
849 shmget
..............................................................................................................
851 shmop
...............................................................................................................
853 shutdown
..........................................................................................................
855 sigaction, sigprocmask, sigpending,
sigsuspend.................................................. 855
signal.................................................................................................................857
sigblock, siggetmask, sigsetmask, sigmask
.......................................................... 858
sigpause.............................................................................................................
858
sigreturn............................................................................................................
859 sigvec
................................................................................................................860
socket
................................................................................................................860
socketcall...........................................................................................................
862 socketpair
..........................................................................................................
862 stat, fstat, lstat
...................................................................................................
863 statfs,
fstatfs.......................................................................................................865
stime
.................................................................................................................866
swapon, swapoff
................................................................................................
866 symlink
.............................................................................................................
867
18. Linux Complete Command Reference xviii gr11 Linux Complete
Command Reference 31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3
sync...................................................................................................................
869 sysctl
.................................................................................................................869
sysfs...................................................................................................................
871 sysinfo
...............................................................................................................871
syslog
................................................................................................................872
termios, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, tcsendbreak, tcdrain, tcflush,
tcflow, cfgetospeed, cfgetispeed, cfsetispeed, cfsetospeed,
tcgetpgrp, tcsetpgrp ...............................874 time
..................................................................................................................878
times
.................................................................................................................878
truncate,
ftruncate.............................................................................................879
umask
...............................................................................................................880
uname
...............................................................................................................880
none..................................................................................................................881
afs_syscall, break, gtty, lock, mpx, prof, quotactl, stty, ustat
..............................881 unlink
...............................................................................................................882
uselib
................................................................................................................883
ustat
..................................................................................................................883
utime, utimes
....................................................................................................884
vhangup
............................................................................................................885
vm86
................................................................................................................885
wait, waitpid
.....................................................................................................886
wait3, wait4
......................................................................................................888
write..................................................................................................................889
Part III Library Functions Intro
.................................................................................................................892
abort
.................................................................................................................892
abs
....................................................................................................................892
acos
...................................................................................................................
893 acosh
.................................................................................................................893
alloca.................................................................................................................894
asin
...................................................................................................................
894 asinh
.................................................................................................................895
assert
.................................................................................................................895
atan
...................................................................................................................
896 atan2
.................................................................................................................896
atanh.................................................................................................................897
atexit
.................................................................................................................897
atof
...................................................................................................................
898
atoi....................................................................................................................898
atol....................................................................................................................899
bcmp.................................................................................................................899
bcopy
................................................................................................................900
bsearch
..............................................................................................................900
bcmp, bcopy, bzero, memccpy, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memfrob,
memmem, memmove,
memset.........................................................................................901
19. xix Introduction gr11 Linux Complete Command Reference
31104-6 christy 11.6.97 FM lp3 htonl, htons, ntohl, ntohs
.................................................................................
901 bzero
.................................................................................................................902
catgets
...............................................................................................................
902 catopen, catclose
...............................................................................................903
ceil
....................................................................................................................
904 clientlib
.............................................................................................................
904 clock
.................................................................................................................905
closedir..............................................................................................................
905
confstr...............................................................................................................
906 copysign
............................................................................................................
907 cos
....................................................................................................................
907 cosh
..................................................................................................................908
crypt
.................................................................................................................908
ctermid
.............................................................................................................
909 asctime, ctime, gmtime, localtime, mktime
.......................................................909 difftime
.............................................................................................................
911
div.....................................................................................................................
911 drand48, erand48, lrand48, nrand48, mrand48, jrand48, srand48,
seed48, lcong48
..............................................................................................912
drem
.................................................................................................................913
ecvt, fcvt
...........................................................................................................
913 erf,
erfc..............................................................................................................
914 execl, execlp, execle, exect, execv, execvp
........................................................... 914
errno
.................................................................................................................916
exit
....................................................................................................................
917 exp, log, log10, pow
..........................................................................................
917 expm1, log1p
....................................................................................................
918 fabs
...................................................................................................................
919 fclose
.................................................................................................................919
clearerr, feof, ferror,
fileno.................................................................................
919 fflush,
fpurge.....................................................................................................
920 ffs
......................................................................................................................
921
fgetgrent............................................................................................................
921 fgetpwent
..........................................................................................................
922 floor
..................................................................................................................923
fmod
.................................................................................................................923
fnmatch
............................................................................................................
924 fopen, fdopen, freopen
......................................................................................
924 fpathconf,
pathconf...........................................................................................
925 fread,
fwrite.......................................................................................................926
frexp..................................................................................................................927
fgetpos, fseek, fsetpos, ftell,
rewind....................................................................
927 ft
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