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LG for Development and Disease Unit 6, Fall 2014 BIOL 302

Unit 6 Learning Guide and Goals: Chapters 15, 20 Learning Goals for the Unit

• Students will be able to explain how transcriptional regulators alter chromatin structure to bring about activation or repression of transcription.

• Students will be able to explain how transcription factors act in eukaryotic cells and their role in regulating gene expression in a combinatorial fashion to bring about cellular differentiation.

• Students will gain an appreciation of the “potential” of different types of stem cells. • Students will be able to explain how different types of genetic misregulation can lead to

disease. Reading/video requirements for the Module 6 i/tRAT November 13

• Reading from Genetic Analysis: An Introductory Approach o Chapter 15:Introduction and section 15.1 o Chapter 20: Introduction and section 20.1

• Scitable’s article: Transcription Factors and Transcriptional Control in Eukaryotic Cells: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/transcription-factors-and-transcriptional-control-in-eukaryotic-1046

• Scitable’s article: The Complexity of Gene Expression, Protein Interaction, and Cell Differentiation: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-complexity-of-gene-expression-protein-interaction-34575

• Scitable’s article: Cell Division and Cancer: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-division-and-cancer-14046590

• Stem Cells and Cancer: http://ludwigcenter.stanford.edu/overview/

Reading/Video requirements for November 18 • Reading from Genetic Analysis: An Introductory Approach

o Chapter 20: Sections 20.2, 20.3 • Scitable’s article: Hox Genes in Development: The Hox Code:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/hox-genes-in-development-the-hox-code-41402 • Genes Control Body Segmentation video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHR5K2o7uQU

(a bit hokey, but gets the information across) • JING on Inductive Signaling in C. elegans

Reading/Video requirements for November 20

• Reading from Genetic Analysis: An Introductory Approach o Chapter 20: Section 20.4

• Human development: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgT5rUQ9EmQ • Explore Stem Cells: http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/StemCellSourcesCategory.html?

o Adult Stem Cells o Adult vs Embryonic Stem Cells

• iPS Cells: Where We Started and Where We’re Going—PDF in Bb • Nova’s Stem Cells: Early Research video: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/stem-cells-

research.html • JING(s) on Stem Cells


Reading/Video requirements for November 25 • Scitable articles:

o Genetic Regulation of Cancer: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-regulation-of-cancer-891

o p53: The most frequently Altered Gene in Human Cancers: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/p53-the-most-frequently-altered-gene-in-14192717

o Cell Cycle Control by Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors: Driving the Transformation of Normal Cells in Cancerous Cells: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cell-cycle-control-by-oncogenes-and-tumor-14191459

• All about Mutations—PDF on Bb • Cell proliferation signaling pathway video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NLCst72YtQ • Trinucleotide repeat animation: http://www.dnatube.com/video/12270/Tri-Nucleotide-Repeat-

Animation • JING on cancer

Reading/Video requirements for December 2 NO ASSIGNED READING—TEAM COMPETITION REVIEW Learning Objectives November 13

• Explain how transcription factors act in a combinatorial fashion to regulate gene expression. • Describe how regulated gene expression leads to cell differentiation.

November 11-14 (Discussion 11)

• Explain the difference between spatial, temporal and conditional gene regulation with regards to cellular differentiation.

• Describe how microarray analysis works. • Analyze the results of a microarray experiment in the context of cellular differentiation.

November 18

• Arrange the sequence of gene regulation events needed to specify individual segments of the fruit fly.

• Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal-effect genes. • Compare and contrast homeotic genes with homeobox containing genes. • Explain the role of cell-cell interactions in specifying cell fate in the nematode. • Explain shared developmental pathways that exist among diverse organisms, based on

evolutionary relatedness. November 20

• Predict the consequences of genetic mutations on the development process in Drosophila and humans

• Characterize the different types of stem cells, with regards to their developmental potential. • Describe the role chromatin structure plays in restricting cell fates. • Compare and contrast the amount of heterochromatin in stem cells versus differentiated cells.


November 18-21 (Discussion 12) • Explain how a mutation in a signal-transduction pathway can lead to cancer. • Explain how a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene can lead to cancer.

November 25

• Explain how a mutation in a signal-transduction pathway can lead to cancer. • Explain the hypothesis of “cancer stem cells”. • Explain how a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene can lead to cancer. • Predict whether a cancer is caused by a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene or in an oncogene

based on its effect on the cell cycle. • Describe the two models, unequal crossing over and hairpin-mediated polymerase slippage,

that may explain the expansion repeats seen in Huntington Disease Key words—terms the student should be able to define: totipotent, pluripotent, induced pluripotent stem cell, determination, differentiation, egg-polarity genes, segment-polarity genes, gap genes, pair-rule genes, morphogen, homeotic gene, homeobox, homeodomain, homeotic complex (HOM-C), Hox gene, homeotic mutations, induction, inhibition, *apoptosis, malignant tumor, metastasis, *oncogene, *tumor-suppressor gene, proto-oncogene, haploinsufficiency, cyclin-dependent kinase, cyclin, signal-transduction pathway, unequal crossing over, hairpin-mediated polymerase slippage, cancer stem cell, euchromatin, heterochromatin, inductive signal, maternal effect

For terms with *: go to “Talking glossary of genetic terms”: http://www.genome.gov/Glossary/

Assignment due dates at a glance Monday 11/17 (11:59 pm) Bb pre-class reading quiz #14 Wednesday 11/19 (11:59 pm) Bb pre-class reading quiz #15 Sunday 11/23 (11:59 pm) MG homework set #9 Tuesday 11/24 (11:59 pm) Bb pre-class reading quiz #16 Monday 12/1 (11:59 pm) MG homework set #10 (note date change, since no pre-reading quiz for 12/2) Chapter Problems to Practice (not graded) Chapter 15: 6, 12, 18 Chapter 20: 3, 4, 5, 13, 14,16, 20, 22