1
( ) (LEXICAL COLLOCATIONS) (IDIOMS) -
Abstract
Between id ioms and free phrases there is supposed to be a part of vocabulary, which is called lexical collocations. Collocations and id ioms belong to what is called semantic phrasemes (Mel uk 1998:30). Purpose of this study is to define and describe lexical collocations in relation to id ioms and to establish features of d istinction between these two phraseological sets. Collocations and idioms are investigated in the V + NP structure.
-
, , , , , .
1. i
.
(free phrases/ combinations)
(idioms). Howarth (1998a:28)
(continuum) ,
. blow :
1
Free combinations Restricted collocations
Figurative idioms
Pure idioms
Lexical composites
blow a trumpet blow a fuse ( )
blow your own trumpet
( )
blow the gaff (
)
Mel uk (1998:27-30) , -
(semi-phrasemes),
(phrasemes), .
Mel uk
-
, ,
.
, .
2
2
/
, ,
,
.
2.
.
/ (Howarth 1998a:28).
(1) . want toys, a child, a drink, a car, truth .
. / , ,
(compositionality principle),
(Lyons 1995:204).
( & 2002) ( &
1999).
3. (idioms)
3.1.
Mel uk (1998:29) idiom ,
+ . ,
.
.
(2) spill the beans ( ), pull [N s] leg ( )
(1989, 1993) & (2002)
.
, ,
3
. & (2002:182) ,
:
) :
.
) : .
(3)
(« » (1993:274))
.
, ,
.
Gibbs et al (1989), Nunberg et al (1994),
.
(analyzability),
. , ,
. , ,
, , ,
, (figuration), , , .
(Nunberg et al 1994):
) ,
(idiomatically combining expressions).
(4) . spill the beans
.
,
) ,
: (idiomatic phrases)
(5) . kick the bucket ( )
. , ,
,
.
3.2. ii
:
4
.
,
.
(figuration). ,
.
.
. :
1) /
) :
(6) , , ,
) :
(7)
) + :
(8) ,
,
:
(9)
(10) / ( )
(11)
(12 ( )
+
2) . :
(13)
3) :
(14) /* , /* , /*
4) . , , :
(15)
( ),
( )
5
5) - (1999:343)
:
(16) ?
6) - (1999:343)
:
(17) ?
4.
( ).
:
(18) + ( ): ,
(19) + : , iii
(20) + : ,
4.1.
Mel uk (1998:30), ,
, , [ = + ],
. ,
.
(21) . land ( ) a job, do a favour, launch ( ) an attack, stand ( )
comparison
.
, , ,
.
.
. , , « »
.
4.2.
,
:
,
,
..
.
6
.
.
(22) , ,
, ,
.
(restricted collocability)
.
(restricted substitutability)
.
:
1)
( )
(Nesselhauf 2003):
(23) . dial a number
. ( , ) ,
2)
(specialized) (Howarth 1998a, Cowie 1992).
. « »
:
) (figurative):
(24) . abandon a principle, dismiss the suggestion
. , , ,
) (technical sense),
(Cowie 1992):
(25) . enact measures, draft the legislation
.
( ), (
)
3)
.
(26) . make a speech, make noise, make changes, make an effort
give a laugh, give information, give advise, give interview
take a look, take a photo, take a decision, take time
have a look, have a talk, have influence, have a think
. , ,
, , ,
7
, ,
,
,
.
,
Stavrakaki (1998:171-2) : , , , , (1987)
, , , , , , , , .
& (1999:336)
, : , , iv.
,
.
. ,
:
(27) / ? , / *
anti-collocation (Pearce 2001). anti-
collocations collocations.
.
,
. :
1) /
) :
(28) , ,
) :
(29) , ,
) :
(30) ,
,
:
(31) ,
8
) :
(32) , ,
.
,
:
(33)
( )
( )
(34)
(35) ( )
(36)
+
2) .
(37) ,
3) .
.
(38)
( + )
vs.
(« » )
4.3.
.
, (lexical
substitution) .
. Howarth (1998b:169-70)
.
:
(39) adopt/accept/agree to a proposal/suggestion/recommendation/convention/plan
:
, ,
:
9
(40) introduce/table/bring forward a bill/an amendment
:
(41) pay/take heed, give the appearance/impression
:
(42) curry favour
,
.
.
,
.
:
3
-
,
( )
-
,
/
,
/
,
, ,
,
. .
.
10
. ,
, ,
,
.
,
.
Howarth ,
, .
, .
5.
,
.
.
. ,
( , , / ,
).
.
.
,
. , ,
:
.
i , . . .
ii
, . . ( ),
( ). iii + , . , . 2002. « (lexical collocations)
11
».
22, 253-264.
.
iv , . , ( ). « ( ) (restricted lexical collocations)
( , . .) ». 2
/ .
:
.
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P. & H. Bejoint (eds). Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics. London: Macmillan.
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, . & . . 2002. «
». 22, 180-191.
Gibbs, R., N. Nayak, & C. Cutting. 1989. How to Kick the Bucket and not Decompose:
Analyzability and Id iom Processing . Journal of Memory and Language 28, 576-93.
Howarth, P. 1998a. Phraseology and Second Language Proficiency . Applied Linguistics 19/ 1,
24-44.
Howarth, P. 1998b. The Phraseology of Learners Academic Writing . Cowie, A.P. (ed). 1998.
Phraseology:Theory, Analysis and Applications. Oxford: O.U.P.
, . & . . 1999. , . :
.
Lyons, J. 1995. Lingustic Semantics. Cambridge: C.U.P.
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Analysis and Applications. Oxford: O.U.P.
, . 1987: « , ».
8, 345-377.
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implications for teaching . Applied Linguistics 24/2: 223-242.
Nunberg, G., I. Sag, & Wasow T. 1994. Idioms . Language 70/3, 491-538.
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Workshop on WordNet and Other Lexical Resources: Applications, Extensions and
Customizations. CMU.
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Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, vol. 1, 171-185.
, . 1988. « -
».
9, 223-241.
, . 1993. « :
». 14, 273-292.
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