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INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
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What is interpersonal communication?
Communication that occurs between peoplewho have known each other for some time
These people view each other as unique
individuals These people interact in close physical
proximity
There are a few participants involved in
interpersonal communication Feedback is immediate
Interacting with your friend and with asalesperson is different the former is
considered as an interpersonal comm.
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Functions ofInterpersonal
Communication
To gain information about other personsto improve interactions with them
To build a context of understanding (tounderstand what a person really meanswhen he / she says something)
To establish our self-identity and self-image
To fulfill our interpersonal needs
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CONVERSATIONPROCESS
1.
Opening Open up with verbal and / or nonverbal greetings Start conversation with something positive and
dont self-disclose too early
2. Feedforward Give the other person an idea what you are
about to say
3. Business The actual messages that you want to say
4. Feedback Give response to what just said
5. Closing Close with verbal and / or nonverbal comm.
Briefly summarize the conversation
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Maintaining Conversations
Use verbal and nonverbal cues to signalconversational turns
1. Speaker cues
Turn-maintaining cues Turn-yielding cues
2. Listener cues
Turn-requesting cues
Turn-denying cues
Backchanneling cues
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Conversation Problems:
Prevention and Repair
To prevent conversation problems:
Use a Disclaimer a statement that aims
to ensure that your message will beunderstood and will not reflect negativelyon you
To repair conversation problems:
Give an Excuse - a statement designed tolessen the negative impact of a speakersmessages
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RELATIONSHIPPROCESS
Contact
Involvement
Intimacy
Deteriorate
Repair
Dissolution
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Reasons forRelationship
Development
1. To lessen loneliness
2. To secure stimulation
Intellectual Stimulation, Physical
Stimulation and Emotional Stimulation
3. To acquire self-knowledge
4. To maximize pleasures and minimize
pain
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Initiating Relationships: The first
encounter
Most difficult and most important
3 phases involved:
1. Examine the qualifiers
eg. look at the persons dressing, beauty,jewelry, personality, health, wealth, etc.
Qualifiers tell you something about theperson and help you decide whether topursue
2. Determine clearance eg. look for wedding ring
3. Make contact
Nonverbal and verbal
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Causes ofRelationship
Deterioration
1. When the reasons you developed the
relationship change drastically
2. Relational Changes
3. Unrealistic expectations
4. Unhappiness with work
5. Financial Difficulties
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Communication in Relationship
Deterioration
Withdrawal
Declining Self-disclosure
Deception
Increase in negative evaluations and
decrease in positive evaluations
Less Exchange in Favors
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Reasons for maintaining
relationship
Emotional attachment
Convenience Children
Fear
Financial advantages
Inertia Commitment
Effective communication patterns
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Relationship Repair
Six suggestions to repair a relationship:
Recognize the problem
Engage in productive conflict resolution Propose possible solutions
Affirm each other
Integrate solutions into normal behavior
Risk
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RELATIONSHIPTHEORIES
Theories about why and how we develop and
dissolve our relationships
Attraction Theory
Relationship Rules Approach
Social Penetration Approach
Social Exchange Theory
Equity Theory
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Attraction Theory
Relationship based on attraction to
someone
4 factors of attraction:
1. Attractiveness: Physical and Personality
2. Similarity
3. Proximity4. Reinforcement
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Relationship Rules Approach
Relationships are governed by specific rules
When the rules are broken, the relationship maydeteriorate and even dissolve.
Friendship Rules
share information and feelings about
successes trust each other, confide each other
offer to help friend when in need
Romantic Rules
acknowledge one anothers individualidentities and lives beyond the relationship
express similar attitudes, beliefs, values andinterests
remain loyal and faithful to one another
have substantial shared time together
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Social Penetration Theory
It describes relationships in terms of the
number of topics that people talk about and
their degree of personalness (the depth ofdiscussion)
Depenetration - a process in which the
number and depth of topics talked change
when a relationship deteriorates
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Social Exchange Theory
The theory claims that you develop arelationship that will enable you to maximizeyour profits
Profits = Rewards Costs You enter a relationship with a comparison
level a general ideal of the kinds of rewardsand profits that you feel you ought to get out
of such a relationship You also compare the profits you get from
your current relationship with the profits youthink you could get from alternative
relationship
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Equity Theory
You develop and maintain relationships in
which the ratio of your rewards compared to
costs is approximately equal to your partners Each partner derives rewards that are
proportional to their costs
Inequality exists when one of the partner gets
more than what he / she puts in