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FIGURE 2–5 Serial communication between computers.

William Kleitz��Digital Electronics: A Practical Approach, 8e

Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.��Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458��

All rights reserved.

FIGURE 2–6 Serial representation of the binary number 0110110.

FIGURE 2–7 Parallel communication between a computer and a printer.




FIGURE 2–8 Parallel representation of the binary number 01101100.

FIGURE 2–14 Physical representation of an electromechanical relay: (a) normally closed (NC) relay; (b) normally open (NO) relay; (c) photograph of actual relays.




FIGURE 2–15 Symbolic representation of an electromechanical relay: (a) NC relay used in a circuit and (b) NO relay used in a circuit.




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FIGURE 2–22 Diode in a series circuit: (a) forward biased and (b) reverse biased.




FIGURE 2–24 Diode voltage versus current characteristic curve.




FIGURE 2–26 Example 2-9




FIGURE 2–27 The NPN bipolar transistor: (a) physical layout; (b) symbol; (c) photograph.




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FIGURE 2–28 NPN transistor switch




FIGURE 2–29




FIGURE 2–32




FIGURE 2–34 Equivalent circuits: (a) transistor OFF and (b) transistor ON.




Rc = = Rc

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FIGURE 2–35 Common-emitter transistor circuit operating as an inverter.




want this to be small when Vin = low and large when Vin = high

FIGURE 2–37 Schematic of a TTL inverter circuit.




FIGURE 3–3 Electrical analogy for an AND gate: (a) using manual switches; (b) using transistor switches.




FIGURE 3–6 Electrical analogy for an OR gate: (a) using manual switches; (b) using transistor switches.


